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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#select-语句">SELECT 语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#select-into-语句">SELECT INTO 语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#insert-语句">INSERT 语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#delete-语句">DELETE 语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#update-语句">UPDATE 语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#sequences">SEQUENCES</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#create-sequence">CREATE SEQUENCE</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#alter-sequence">ALTER SEQUENCE</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#从字符串生成查询">从字符串生成查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串操作">字符串操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#instr">Instr</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#replace">Replace</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#substr">Substr</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#trim">Trim</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#ddl-sql">DDL SQL</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#创建表">创建表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#添加列">添加列</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#修改列">修改列</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除列">删除列</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body cols-2"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="select-语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#select-语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SELECT 语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> beverages <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> field1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Kona'</span> <span class="token operator">AND</span> field2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'coffee'</span> <span class="token operator">AND</span> field3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">122</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="select-into-语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#select-into-语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SELECT INTO 语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>phone_number <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> v_employee_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>v_employee_address<span class="token punctuation">,</span>v_employee_phone_number <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> employee <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> employee_id <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="insert-语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#insert-语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>INSERT 语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<p>使用 VALUES 关键字插入</p>
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<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> table_name <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Value1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Value2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> table_name<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Column1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Column2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">'Value1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Value2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
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<p>使用 SELECT 语句插入</p>
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<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> table_name<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> Value1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> table_name <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> table_name<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Column1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Column2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> Value1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Value2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> table_name <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="delete-语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#delete-语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>DELETE 语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> table_name <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> some_column<span class="token operator">=</span>some_value
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> customer <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> sold <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="update-语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#update-语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>UPDATE 语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">-- 更新该表的整个列，设置 `state` 列所有值为 `CA`</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> customer <span class="token keyword">SET</span> state<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'CA'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">-- 更新表的具体记录eg：</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> customer <span class="token keyword">SET</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'Joe'</span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> customer_id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">-- 当 `paid` 列大于零时，将列 `invoice` 更新为 `paid`</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> movies <span class="token keyword">SET</span> invoice<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'paid'</span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> paid <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="sequences"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#sequences"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SEQUENCES</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="create-sequence"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#create-sequence"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>CREATE SEQUENCE</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>序列的语法是</p>
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<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> SEQUENCE sequence_name
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</span><span class="code-line"> MINVALUE <span class="token keyword">value</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> MAXVALUE <span class="token keyword">value</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">START</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token keyword">value</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> INCREMENT <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">value</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> CACHE <span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>例如</p>
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<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> SEQUENCE supplier_seq
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</span><span class="code-line"> MINVALUE <span class="token number">1</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> MAXVALUE <span class="token number">999999999999999999999999999</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">START</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> INCREMENT <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> CACHE <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="alter-sequence"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#alter-sequence"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ALTER SEQUENCE</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<p>将序列增加一定数量</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE <span class="token operator"><</span>sequence_name<span class="token operator">></span> INCREMENT <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">integer</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE seq_inc_by_ten INCREMENT <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>改变序列的最大值</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE <span class="token operator"><</span>sequence_name<span class="token operator">></span> MAXVALUE <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">integer</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE seq_maxval MAXVALUE <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>设置序列循环或不循环</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE <span class="token operator"><</span>sequence_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">CYCLE</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> NOCYCLE<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE seq_cycle NOCYCLE<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>配置序列以缓存值</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE <span class="token operator"><</span>sequence_name<span class="token operator">></span> CACHE <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">integer</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">|</span> NOCACHE<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE seq_cache NOCACHE<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>设置是否按顺序返回值</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE <span class="token operator"><</span>sequence_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> NOORDER<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE seq_order NOORDER<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> SEQUENCE seq_order<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="从字符串生成查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#从字符串生成查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>从字符串生成查询</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>有时需要从字符串创建查询</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">PROCEDURE</span> oracle_runtime_query_pcd <span class="token operator">IS</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">TYPE</span> ref_cursor <span class="token operator">IS</span> REF <span class="token keyword">CURSOR</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> l_cursor ref_cursor<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> v_query varchar2<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> v_name varchar2<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">BEGIN</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> v_query :<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'SELECT name FROM employee WHERE employee_id=5'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">OPEN</span> l_cursor <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> v_query<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">LOOP</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">FETCH</span> l_cursor <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> v_name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">EXIT</span> <span class="token keyword">WHEN</span> l_cursor<span class="token operator">%</span>NOTFOUND<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">END</span> <span class="token keyword">LOOP</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">CLOSE</span> l_cursor<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">END</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这是一个如何完成动态查询的非常简单的示例</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">length<span class="token punctuation">(</span> string1 <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> length<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>这将返回 11，因为参数由 11 个字符组成，包括空格</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> lengthb<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> lengthc<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> length2<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> length4<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>这些也返回 <code>11</code>，因为调用的函数是等价的</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="instr"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#instr"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Instr</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p><code>Instr</code>（在字符串中）返回一个整数，该整数指定字符串中子字符串的位置。程序员可以指定他们想要检测的字符串的外观以及起始位置。不成功的搜索返回 <code>0</code></p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">instr<span class="token punctuation">(</span> string1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> string2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> start_position <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> nth_appearance <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">instr<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>这将返回 <code>10</code>，因为第一次出现的 <code>/</code> 是第十个字符</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">instr<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'e'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这将返回 <code>17</code>，因为第二次出现的 <code>e</code> 是第 <code>17</code> 个字符</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">instr<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">12</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这将返回 <code>0</code>，因为第一次出现的 <code>/</code> 在起点之前，即第 <code>12</code> 个字符</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="replace"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#replace"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Replace</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>string1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> string_to_replace<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> replacement_string <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'i am here'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'am'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'am not'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这返回 <code>i am not here</code></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="substr"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#substr"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Substr</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> substr<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>返回 <code>pl/sql</code>，因为 <code>pl/sql</code> 中的 <code>p</code> 在字符串中的第 <code>8</code> 个位置（从 <code>oracle</code> 中的 <code>o</code> 处的 <code>1</code> 开始计算）</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> substr<span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token string">'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>返回 <code>cheatsheet</code>，因为 <code>c</code> 在字符串中的第 <code>15</code> 个位置，<code>t</code>是字符串中的最后一个字符。</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> substr<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'oracle pl/sql cheatsheet'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> dual<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>返回 <code>cheat</code>，因为 <code>c</code> 是字符串中的第 <code>10</code> 个字符，从字符串末尾以 <code>t</code> 作为位置 <code>1</code> 开始计算。</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="trim"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#trim"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Trim</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>这些函数可用于从字符串中过滤不需要的字符。默认情况下，它们会删除空格，但也可以指定要删除的字符集</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">trim <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> leading <span class="token operator">|</span> trailing <span class="token operator">|</span> both <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> trim<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> string<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">to</span><span class="token operator">-</span>be<span class="token operator">-</span>trimmed <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">trim <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">' 删除两侧的空格 '</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这将返回“<code>删除两侧的空格</code>”</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">ltrim <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">to</span><span class="token operator">-</span>be<span class="token operator">-</span>trimmed <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> trimming<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">set</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">ltrim <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">' 删除左侧的空格 '</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这将返回“<code>删除左侧的空格</code> ”</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">rtrim <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">to</span><span class="token operator">-</span>be<span class="token operator">-</span>trimmed <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> trimming<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">set</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">rtrim <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">' 删除右侧的空格 '</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>这将返回“ <code>删除右侧的空格</code>”</p>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="ddl-sql"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ddl-sql"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>DDL SQL</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>创建表的语法</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">table</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">column</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>示例：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> employee
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>id <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name <span class="token keyword">varchar</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="添加列"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#添加列"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>添加列</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>添加列的语法</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">table</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">column</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>示例：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> employee
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>id <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="修改列"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#修改列"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>修改列</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>修改列的语法</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">table</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">MODIFY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">column</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>new datatype<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><code>ALTER</code> 表语法和示例：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> employee
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">MODIFY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> sickHours s <span class="token keyword">float</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除列"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除列"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除列</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>删除列的语法</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">table</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">COLUMN</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">column</span> name<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>示例：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> employee
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">COLUMN</span> vacationPay<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oracle_Database/SQL_Cheatsheet">Oracle Database/SQL Cheatsheet</a> <em>(wikibooks.org)</em></li>
|
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</ul>
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