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</svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#apt-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>APT 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>这个 APT 快速参考备忘单显示了它的常用命令使用清单。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#apt-清单查询">APT 清单查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#命令查询">命令查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#update">update</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#upgrade">upgrade</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#install">install</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#remove和purge">remove和purge</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#remove">remove</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#purge">purge</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#autoremove自动删除依赖">autoremove自动删除依赖</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#list">list</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#搜索查找软件包详细信息">搜索查找软件包详细信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#search">search</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#show">show</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#edit-sources-快速换源">edit-sources 快速换源</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="apt-清单查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#apt-清单查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>APT 清单查询</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<p>APT（<code>A</code>dvanced <code>P</code>ackaging <code>T</code>ools）是<code>Debian</code>及其派生的<code>Linux</code>软件包管理器。APT可以自动下载，配置，安装二进制或者源代码格式的软件包，因此简化了Unix系统上管理软件的过程。APT最早被设计成<code>dpkg的前端</code>，用来处理deb格式的软件包。现在经过<code>APT-RPM</code>组织修改，APT已经可以安装在支持RPM的系统管理RPM包。</p>
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<p>它结合了apt-get和apt-cache工具中最常用的命令以及选项与默认值。<code>apt</code>命令必须以具有<code>sudo</code>权限的用户运行。</p>
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<p>命令语法格式</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">]</span> COMMAND
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</span></code></pre>
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<hr>
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<p>相关参考文献</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/apt.8.en.html">APT（8） 官方网站</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/apt.conf.5.en.html">apt.conf(5) 官方文档</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/sources.list.5.en.html">sources.list(5) 官方文档</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="命令查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命令查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>命令查询</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>子命令描述和任务，显示 apt 命令和选项。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> or <span class="token parameter variable">--help</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 或</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">apt</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>查看指令用法</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">man</span> <span class="token function">apt</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="update"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#update"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>update</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>从APT存储库中获取最新索引数据。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> update
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>在升级或安装新软件包之前，建议始终先运行一次更新软件包索引。</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="upgrade"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#upgrade"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>upgrade</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>将安装的软件包升级到最新版本，该命令不会升级那些已删除软件包的依赖。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> upgrade
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>升级单个软件包。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> upgrade package_name
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>升级整个系统，则会删除当前安装的软件包。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> full-upgrade
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="install"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#install"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>install</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>安装软件包。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> package_name
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>如果只想升级，不要安装</p>
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>package_name<span class="token operator">></span> --only-upgrade
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</span></code></pre>
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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<p>安装多个软件包，包名用空格分隔。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> package1 package2
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>安装本地deb文件，提供文件的完整路径。否则，apt命令将尝试从APT存储库中检索并安装软件包。
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<code>Deb是所有基于Debian的发行版使用的安装软件包格式</code>。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> /full/path/file.deb
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="remove和purge"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#remove和purge"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>remove和purge</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<p>要删除已安装的程序包，你可以使用apt子命令<code>remove</code>和<code>purge</code>。</p>
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<h4 id="remove"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#remove"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>remove</h4>
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<p>remove子命令将卸载指定的软件包，<code>但可能会留下一些配置文件</code>。
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通过remove方式卸载的软件包可以通过重新安装软件包来恢复，因为个人配置文件还在本地。</p>
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<p>卸载指定的软件包</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> remove package_name
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>指定多个软件包，以空格分隔</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> remove package1 package2
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="purge"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#purge"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>purge</h4>
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<p>purge子命令将卸载指定的软件包和配置文件。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> purge package_name
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="autoremove自动删除依赖"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#autoremove自动删除依赖"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>autoremove自动删除依赖</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>用于删除自动安装的包，这些包都是为了满足其他包的依赖关系，现在不再需要这些包，因为依赖关系已更改或者同时删除了需要它们的包。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> autoremove
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="list"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#list"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>list</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>打印所有软件包的列表，包括软件包的版本和结构的信息。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> list
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>要确定是否安装了指定的软件包，可以使用grep命令过滤输出。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> list <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>仅列出已安装的软件包。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> list <span class="token parameter variable">--installed</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>获取可升级软件包的列表。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> list <span class="token parameter variable">--upgradeable</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="搜索查找软件包详细信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#搜索查找软件包详细信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>搜索查找软件包详细信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<h4 id="search"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#search"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>search</h4>
|
||
<p>在可用软件源列表中搜索指定的软件包。如果找到该软件包，则将返回名称与搜索词匹配的软件包。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> search package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="show"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#show"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>show</h4>
|
||
<p>显示有关给定软件包的信息，包括其依赖项、安装、下载大小、软件包可用的来源、软件包内容的描述等。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> show package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="edit-sources-快速换源"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#edit-sources-快速换源"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>edit-sources 快速换源</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>允许您在首选的文本编辑器中编辑<code>sources.list(5)</code> 文件，同时还提供基本的健全性检查。</p>
|
||
<p>首次换源可以使用<code>edit-sources</code></p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> show edit-sources
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>换源后更新一下软件包索引。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> update
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>之后可以使用<code>select-editor</code>更换默认编辑器</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> select-editor
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
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