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<title>Dockerfile 备忘清单
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& dockerfile cheatsheet & Quick Reference</title>
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<meta description="这是 Dockerfile 的快速参考备忘单。包含用户可以在命令行上调用以组装镜像的所有命令。为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<span class="title">Quick Reference</span></a><div class="menu"><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/blob/main/docs/dockerfile.md" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 36 36" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="m33 6.4-3.7-3.7a1.71 1.71 0 0 0-2.36 0L23.65 6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v22a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h22a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V11.76l3-3a1.67 1.67 0 0 0 0-2.36ZM18.83 20.13l-4.19.93 1-4.15 9.55-9.57 3.23 3.23ZM29.5 9.43 26.27 6.2l1.85-1.85 3.23 3.23Z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h36v36H0z"></path></svg><span>编辑</span></a><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.012 8.012 0 0 0 16 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><div class="wrap max-container"><header class="wrap-header h1wrap"><h1>Dockerfile 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>这是 <a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/">Dockerfile</a> 的快速参考备忘单。包含用户可以在命令行上调用以组装镜像的所有命令。</p>
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</div></header><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2>参考</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>继承</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>默认 <code>Dockerfile</code> 位于上下文的根目录中。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="./docker.html">Docker 备忘清单</a> <em>(github.io)</em></li>
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</ul>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">docker</span> build <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> /path/to/a/Dockerfile <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>使用 <code>-f</code> 指向文件系统中任何位置的 <code>Dockerfile</code>。</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>继承</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">FROM</span> [--platform=<platform>] <image> [AS <name>]</span>
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</span></code></pre><!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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<p>示例</p>
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">FROM</span> ruby:2.2.2</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">FROM</span> golang:1.19-alpine3.16 <span class="token keyword">AS</span> build-env</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENV</span> <key>=<value> ...</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENV</span> APP_HOME /myapp</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> mkdir <span class="token variable">$APP_HOME</span></span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENV</span> MY_NAME=<span class="token string">"John Doe"</span> MY_DOG=Rex\ The\ Dog <span class="token operator">\</span>
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</span></span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"> MY_CAT=fluffy</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>初始化</h3><div class="wrap-body"><!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2 -->
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> bundle install</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">WORKDIR</span> /myapp</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">VOLUME</span> [<span class="token string">"/data"</span>]</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token comment"># 安装点规范</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ADD</span> file.xyz /file.xyz</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">COPY</span> <span class="token options"><span class="token property">--chown</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token string">user:group</span></span> host_file.xyz /path/container_file.xyz</span>
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</span></code></pre><!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>Onbuild</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ONBUILD</span> <span class="token keyword">RUN</span> bundle install</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token comment"># 与另一个文件一起使用时</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">EXPOSE</span> 5900</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">CMD</span> [<span class="token string">"bundle"</span>, <span class="token string">"exec"</span>, <span class="token string">"rails"</span>, <span class="token string">"server"</span>]</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>在严格的 shell 中运行命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENV</span> my_var</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">SHELL</span> [<span class="token string">"/bin/bash"</span>, <span class="token string">"-euo"</span>, <span class="token string">"pipefail"</span>, <span class="token string">"-c"</span>]</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token comment"># With strict mode:</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> false # ails 像使用 && 一样构建</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> echo <span class="token string">"$myvar"</span> # 由于拼写错误会抛出错误</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> true | false # 将脱离管道</span>
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</span></code></pre><!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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<p>使用 <code>shell</code> 将为 shell 命令打开严格模式。</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>入口点</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENTRYPOINT</span> [<span class="token string">"executable"</span>, <span class="token string">"param1"</span>, <span class="token string">"param2"</span>]</span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENTRYPOINT</span> command param1 param2</span>
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</span></code></pre><!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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<p>配置将作为可执行文件运行的容器。</p>
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">ENTRYPOINT</span> exec top -b</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>这将使用 shell 处理来替换 shell 变量，并将忽略任何 <code>CMD</code> 或 <code>docker run</code> 命令行参数。</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>元数据</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">LABEL</span> version=<span class="token string">"1.0"</span></span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">LABEL</span> <span class="token string">"com.example.vendor"</span>=<span class="token string">"ACME Incorporated"</span></span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">LABEL</span> com.example.label-with-value=<span class="token string">"foo"</span></span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">LABEL</span> version=<span class="token string">"1.0"</span></span>
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</span></code></pre><!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">LABEL</span> description=<span class="token string">"本文说明\
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</span></span></span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token string">标签值可以跨越多行。"</span></span>
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">LABEL</span> multi.label1=<span class="token string">"value1"</span> <span class="token operator">\</span>
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</span></span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token instruction"> multi.label2=<span class="token string">"value2"</span> <span class="token operator">\</span>
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</span></span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token instruction"> other=<span class="token string">"value3"</span></span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3>主要命令</h3><div class="wrap-body"><!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 -->
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">命令</th>
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<th>说明</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>FROM image</code></td>
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<td>构建的基础镜像</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><del><code>MAINTAINER email</code></del></td>
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<td>(已弃用)维护者的名字</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>COPY [--chown=<user>:<group>] <src>... <dest></code></td>
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<td>将上下文中的路径复制到位置 <code>dest</code> 的容器中</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>ADD [--chown=<user>:<group>] <src>... <dest></code></td>
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<td>与 <code>COPY</code> 相同，但解压缩存档并接受 http url。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>RUN <command></code></td>
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<td>在容器内运行任意命令。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>USER <user>[:<group>]</code></td>
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<td>设置默认用户名。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>WORKDIR /path/to/workdir</code></td>
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<td>设置默认工作目录。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>CMD command param1 param2</code></td>
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<td>设置默认命令</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>ENV <key>=<value> ...</code></td>
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<td>设置环境变量</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>EXPOSE <port> [<port>/<protocol>...]</code></td>
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<td>运行时侦听指定的网络端口</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2>也可以看看</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/">Dockerfile reference</a> <em>(docker.com)</em></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 Kenny Wang, All rights reserved.</footer></footer></body>
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