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<p>提供基本语法和方法的 C# 快速参考备忘单</p>
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</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#hellocs">Hello.cs</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#命名空间">命名空间</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#访问修饰符">访问修饰符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变量">变量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#注释">注释</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串">字符串</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#用户输入">用户输入</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#条件判断">条件判断</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#数组">数组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#循环">循环</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#c-数据类型">C# 数据类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#原始数据类型">原始数据类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#基本数据类型">基本数据类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#c-字符串">C# 字符串</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串连接">字符串连接</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串插值">字符串插值</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串成员">字符串成员</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#逐字字符串">逐字字符串</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#成员示例">成员示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#频繁字符串拼接">频繁字符串拼接</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#原始字符串文本">原始字符串文本</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串操作">字符串操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#逻辑运算">逻辑运算</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#杂项">杂项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#常用-net-概念">常用 .NET 概念</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="hellocs"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#hellocs"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Hello.cs</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Hello</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// main method</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">void</span></span> <span class="token function">Main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 输出: Hello, world!</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello, world!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>编译运行（确保在项目目录下）</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ dotnet run
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</span><span class="code-line">Hello, world<span class="token operator">!</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="命名空间"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命名空间"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>命名空间</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//使用时 using 命名名称</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token namespace">Test</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//创建：</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token namespace">Test</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Test_className</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">//main方法是程序的主入口</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">void</span></span> <span class="token function">Myclass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeline</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Test"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="访问修饰符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#访问修饰符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>访问修饰符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table><thead><tr><th>声明的可访问性</th><th>含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>public</td><td>访问不受限制</td></tr><tr><td>protected</td><td>访问限于包含类或派生自包含类的类型 (该类内部和继承类中可以访问)</td></tr><tr><td>internal</td><td>访问限于当前程序集</td></tr><tr><td>protected internal</td><td>访问限于当前程序集或派生自包含类的类型</td></tr><tr><td>private</td><td>访问限于包含类</td></tr><tr><td>private protected</td><td>访问限于包含类或当前程序集中派生自包含类的类型,自 C# 7.2 之后可用</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> intNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">long</span></span> longNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9999999</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">float</span></span> floatNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9.99F</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">double</span></span> doubleNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">99.999</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">decimal</span></span> decimalNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">99.9999M</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">char</span></span> letter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'D'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> @<span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> site <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"jaywcjlove.github.io"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">var</span></span> num <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">999</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">var</span></span> str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"999"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">var</span></span> bo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="注释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#注释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>注释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 单行注释</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">/*
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"> * 多行
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"> * 注释
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"> */</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// TODO：向IDE中的任务列表添加注释（VS、Rider都支持）</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token doc-comment comment">/// XML 单行注释，用于文档</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">/**
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"> * XML 多行注释，
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"> * 用于文档
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"> */</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> first <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"John"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> last <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Doe"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 字符串连接</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> first <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> last<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => John Doe</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看: <a href="#c-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2">C#字符串</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用户输入"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用户输入"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用户输入</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Enter number:"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">TryParse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ReadLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">out</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"> <span class="token comment">// 输入验证</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token interpolation-string"><span class="token string">$"You entered </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token expression language-csharp">input</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="条件判断"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#条件判断"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>条件判断</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>j <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"I get printed"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>j <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"I don't"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"I also don't"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> chars <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name"><span class="token keyword">char</span></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">chars<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">chars<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> letters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"A"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"B"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"C"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> mylist <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> answers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="循环"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#循环"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>循环</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>numbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">foreach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> num <span class="token keyword">in</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>num<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="c-数据类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#c-数据类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>C# 数据类型</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="原始数据类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#原始数据类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>原始数据类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>关键字</th><th>名称</th><th>System 别名</th><th>占用空间（Byte）</th><th>数据范围</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>bool</td><td>布尔型</td><td>Boolean</td><td>1</td><td>true/false</td></tr><tr><td>sbyte</td><td>有符号字节型</td><td>SByte</td><td>1</td><td>-128 ~ 127</td></tr><tr><td>byte</td><td>字节型</td><td>Byte</td><td>1</td><td>0 ~ 255</td></tr><tr><td>short</td><td>短整型</td><td>Int16</td><td>2</td><td>-32,768 ~ 32,767</td></tr><tr><td>ushort</td><td>无符号短整型</td><td>UInt16</td><td>2</td><td>0 ~ 65,535</td></tr><tr><td>int</td><td>整型</td><td>Int32</td><td>4</td><td>-2,147,483,648 ~ 2,147,483,647</td></tr><tr><td>uint</td><td>无符号整型</td><td>UInt32</td><td>4</td><td>0 ~ 4,294,967,295</td></tr><tr><td>long</td><td>长整型</td><td>Int64</td><td>8</td><td>-2^63 ~ 2^63-1</td></tr><tr><td>ulong</td><td>无符号长整型</td><td>UInt64</td><td>8</td><td>0 ~ 2^64-1</td></tr><tr><td>char</td><td>字符型</td><td>Char</td><td>8</td><td>UTF-16 所编码的字符</td></tr><tr><td>float</td><td>单精度浮点型</td><td>Single</td><td>4</td><td>±1.5x10^45 ~ ±3.4x10^38</td></tr><tr><td>double</td><td>双精度浮点型</td><td>Double</td><td>8</td><td>±5.0x10^-324 ~ ±1.7x10^308</td></tr><tr><td>nint</td><td>指针型</td><td>IntPtr</td><td>与指针相同</td><td>与指针相同（受操作系统和处理器位宽影响）</td></tr><tr><td>nuint</td><td>无符号指针型</td><td>UIntPtr</td><td>与指针相同</td><td>与指针相同（受操作系统和处理器位宽影响）</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="基本数据类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本数据类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本数据类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>关键字</th><th>名称</th><th>System 别名</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>（除指针型外的全部原始数据类型）</td><td></td><td></td><td>原始数据类型都是值类型，基本数据类型包含部分本质上是引用的数据类型</td></tr><tr><td>string</td><td>字符串</td><td>String</td><td>可变长度</td></tr><tr><td>decimal</td><td>十进制浮点数</td><td>Decimal</td><td>适合处理货币等计算，16字节长，不遵循 IEEE 754 关于浮点数的规则</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="c-字符串"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#c-字符串"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>C# 字符串</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串连接"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串连接"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串连接</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> first <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"John"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> last <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Doe"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> first <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> last<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => John Doe</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串插值"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串插值"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串插值</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> first <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"John"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> last <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Doe"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token interpolation-string"><span class="token string">$"</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token expression language-csharp">first</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token expression language-csharp">last</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => John Doe</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串成员"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串成员"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串成员</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
||
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="left">成员</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>Length</code></td><td>返回字符串长度的属性</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Compare()</code></td><td>比较两个字符串的静态方法</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Contains()</code></td><td>确定字符串是否包含特定的子字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Equals()</code></td><td>确定两个字符串是否具有相同的字符数据</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Format()</code></td><td>通过 {0} 表示法和使用其他原语格式化字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Trim()</code></td><td>从尾随和前导字符中删除特定字符的所有实例。 默认删除前导和尾随空格</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>Split()</code></td><td>删除提供的字符并从两侧的剩余字符中创建一个数组</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="逐字字符串"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#逐字字符串"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>逐字字符串</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> longString <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">@"I can type any characters in here !#@$%^&*()__+ '' \n \t except double quotes and I will be taken literally. I even work with multiple lines."</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="成员示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#成员示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>成员示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 使用 System.String 的属性</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> lengthOfString <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"How long?"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">lengthOfString<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Length <span class="token comment">// => 9</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 使用 System.String 的方法</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">lengthOfString<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Contains</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"How"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => true</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="频繁字符串拼接"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#频繁字符串拼接"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>频繁字符串拼接</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">var</span></span> sb <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name">StringBuilder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => 123456789....</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>对于频繁拼接字符串的场景（如：成百上千次循环），使用 <code>System.Text.StringBuilder</code> 提升性能</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="原始字符串文本"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#原始字符串文本"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>原始字符串文本</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// C#11 语法, 至少3个双引号(""")开头和结尾，内容可以输入任何原始字符</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 单行: 左引号，右引号，内容 三者同行</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> singleLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">""</span>"Content begin <span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span> end<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token string">""</span>"<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 多行：左引号，右引号各一行，内容需与右引号缩进对齐</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> multiLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">""</span>"
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Content begin <span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>\n<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token string">""</span> end<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string">""</span>"<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>multiLine<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => Content begin "Hello World!" /\n<>"" end.</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//字符串分割</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> Name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"字A符A串A分A割"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> Names<span class="token operator">=</span>Name<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Split</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token constructor-invocation class-name"><span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token char">'A'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//会以A为媒介把字符串分成若干份</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">int</span></span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> Names<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Names<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//-----------------------------------</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//字符串截取</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> Str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"字符串截取"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Str <span class="token operator">=</span> Str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Substring</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//输出结果“串”，意为从第二个下标开始截取一位字符</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//-----------------------------------</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//字符串替换</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">string</span></span> Rep <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"字符1替换"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Rep <span class="token operator">=</span> Rep<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"串"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">WriteLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Rep<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//会把字符中的 “1”替换成“串”</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="逻辑运算"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#逻辑运算"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>逻辑运算</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-cs"><code class="language-cs code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//或运算, 与运算, 非运算</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> A <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> B <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> Or <span class="token operator">=</span> A <span class="token operator">||</span> B<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// = A | B</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> And <span class="token operator">=</span> A <span class="token operator">&&</span> B<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// = A & B</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> Not <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>A<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// ||,&& 与 |,& 分别为逻辑运算和条件逻辑运算, 两者的区别在于, </span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 前者仅在必要时才会计算右侧的值, 后者始终计算右侧的值. 例如:</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> C <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> D <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token return-type class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> <span class="token function">CalcD</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> D <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">!</span>D<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> D<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> E <span class="token operator">=</span> C <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">CalcD</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// C: false, D: false, E: false</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> F <span class="token operator">=</span> C <span class="token operator">&</span> <span class="token function">CalcD</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// C:false, D: true, F: false</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 两种运算方法稍有不同, 计算结果始终相同, 但第二种可能造成其他影响.</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">//异或运算</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token class-name"><span class="token keyword">bool</span></span> Xor <span class="token operator">=</span> A <span class="token operator">^</span> B<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>C# 中的逻辑运算支持可空布尔类型运算. 注意条件逻辑运算不支持可空布尔类型.</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="left">x</th><th>y</th><th>x & y</th><th>x | y</th><th>x ^ y</th><th>! x</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">true</td><td>true</td><td>true</td><td>true</td><td>false</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td align="left">true</td><td>false</td><td>false</td><td>true</td><td>true</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td align="left">true</td><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>true</td><td>null</td><td>false</td></tr><tr><td align="left">false</td><td>true</td><td>false</td><td>true</td><td>true</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td align="left">false</td><td>false</td><td>false</td><td>false</td><td>false</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td align="left">false</td><td>null</td><td>false</td><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>true</td></tr><tr><td align="left">null</td><td>true</td><td>null</td><td>true</td><td>null</td><td>null</td></tr><tr><td align="left">null</td><td>false</td><td>false</td><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>null</td></tr><tr><td align="left">null</td><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>null</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="杂项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#杂项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>杂项</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="常用-net-概念"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用-net-概念"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常用 .NET 概念</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="left">概念</th><th>中文名</th><th>定义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">Runtime</td><td>运行时</td><td>执行给定的已编译代码单元所需的服务集合</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Common Language Runtime (CLR)</td><td>通用语言运行库</td><td>主要定位、加载和托管 .NET 对象。<br>CLR 还处理内存管理、应用程序托管、线程协调、执行安全检查和其他低级细节</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Managed code</td><td>托管代码</td><td>在 <code>.NET</code> 运行时编译和运行的代码。 C#/F#/VB 就是例子</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Unmanaged code</td><td>非托管代码</td><td>直接编译为机器代码且不能由 .NET 运行时直接托管的代码。<br>不包含空闲内存管理、垃圾收集等。从 C/C++ 创建的 DLL 就是示例</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 Kenny Wang.</footer></footer><script src="../data.js?v=1.3.4" defer></script><script src="../js/fuse.min.js?v=1.3.4" defer></script><script src="../js/main.js?v=1.3.4" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
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