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&#x26; fastapi cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
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<meta description="FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框架，使用 Python 3.6+ 并基于标准的 Python 类型提示。
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<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#fastapi-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>FastAPI 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p>FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框架，使用 Python 3.6+ 并基于标准的 Python 类型提示。</p>
</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="最小程序"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#最小程序"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>最小程序</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>下面代码会直接启动http服务，也可以使用 <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code></p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> FastAPI
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> uvicorn
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">app <span class="token operator">=</span> FastAPI<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># http://127.0.0.1:8000/</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">root</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Hello World"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">if</span> __name__ <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">'__main__'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> uvicorn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'main:app'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">reload</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
<p>带默认值的查询参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&#x26;limit=2</span>
</span><span class="code-line">fake_items_db <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_name"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Foo"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_name"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Bar"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_name"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Baz"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>skip<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> limit<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> fake_items_db<span class="token punctuation">[</span>skip<span class="token punctuation">:</span> skip <span class="token operator">+</span> limit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>可选查询参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1?q=admin</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> typing <span class="token keyword">import</span> Union
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> q<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> q<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"q"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> q<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>多路径多查询参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/items/2</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># or </span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/items/2?q=query&#x26;short=true</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_user_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> user_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> q<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> short<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> item <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"owner_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> user_id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> q<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> item<span class="token punctuation">.</span>update<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"q"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> q<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> short<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> item<span class="token punctuation">.</span>update<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"description"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"This is an amazing item that has a long description"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> item
</span></code></pre>
<p>必需查询参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/123?needy=yes</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_user_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> needy<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> item <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"needy"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> needy<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> item
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="路径参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#路径参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>路径参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>最基本的路径参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># &#x3C;http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment"># item_id自定义</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>多个路径参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># &#x3C;http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1/2></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/{item_id}/{user_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> user_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"user_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> user_id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>有类型的路径参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># &#x3C;http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/{item_id}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item_id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> item_id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>文件路径参数</p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># &#x3C;http://127.0.0.1:8000/file//home/my/my.txt></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/file/{file_path:path}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>file_path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"file_path"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> file_path<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="请求体"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#请求体"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>请求体</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="token keyword">import</span> BaseModel
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> typing <span class="token keyword">import</span> Union
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>BaseModel<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'小明'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> description<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> price<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">float</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> tax<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">float</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">create_item</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Item<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> item
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="调用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#调用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>调用</h4>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">curl</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-X</span> <span class="token string">'POST'</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string">'http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-H</span> <span class="token string">'accept: application/json'</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-H</span> <span class="token string">'Content-Type: application/json'</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token string">'{
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> "name": "小明",
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> "description": "string",
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> "price": 0,
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> "tax": 0
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询参数和字符串校验"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询参数和字符串校验"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询参数和字符串校验</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> Query
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_items</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>q<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Query<span class="token punctuation">(</span>default<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> max_length<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> results <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"items"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Foo"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"item_id"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Bar"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> q<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> results<span class="token punctuation">.</span>update<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"q"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> q<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> results
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="参数列表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参数列表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参数列表</h4>
<table><thead><tr><th>参数</th><th>含义</th><th>类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>default</td><td>默认值</td><td>任意类型或...</td></tr><tr><td>max_length</td><td>最大长度</td><td>int</td></tr><tr><td>min_length</td><td>最小长度</td><td>int</td></tr><tr><td>pattern</td><td>正则匹配</td><td>string</td></tr><tr><td>alias</td><td>别名参数</td><td>string</td></tr><tr><td>deprecated</td><td>准备弃用参数</td><td>bool</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>多个相同的查询参数 <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?q=foo&#x26;q=bar">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?q=foo&#x26;q=bar</a></p>
<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/items/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_items</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>q<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Union<span class="token punctuation">[</span>List<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Query<span class="token punctuation">(</span>default<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">None</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> query_items <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"q"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> q<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> query_items
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="参考"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参考"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参考</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="./python.html">Python 备忘清单</a> <em>(jaywcjlove.github.io)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/">FastAPI 官方文档</a> <em>(fastapi.tiangolo.com)</em></li>
</ul>
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