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</svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#pacman-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Pacman 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>这个是 Arch Linux 软件包管理器 Pacman 快速参考备忘单显示了它的常用命令使用清单。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#pacman-清单查询">PACMAN 清单查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#安装">安装</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#安装包组">安装包组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查询包数据库">查询包数据库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#清理软件包缓存">清理软件包缓存</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#pactree">Pactree</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除软件包">删除软件包</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查询一个包含具体文件的包名">查询一个包含具体文件的包名</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#其它命令">其它命令</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="pacman-清单查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#pacman-清单查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>PACMAN 清单查询</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<p>Pacman 是 Arch Linux 软件包管理器。帮助您在 Arch Linux 上使用 Pacman 软件包管理器进行软件包的安装、升级、搜索和删除等操作</p>
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<hr>
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<p>命令语法格式</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token punctuation">[</span> OPTIONS <span class="token punctuation">]</span> COMMAND
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>同步非本地(local)软件仓库并升级系统的软件包</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Syu</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>子命令描述和任务，显示 apt 命令和选项。</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> or <span class="token parameter variable">--help</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 或</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ pacman
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>查看指令用法</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">man</span> pacman
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>请注意，使用 Pacman 命令时，需要管理员权限 <code>sudo</code></p>
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<hr>
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<p>相关参考文献</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/Pacman">Archlinux Wiki 官方文档</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<table class="style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th>Function</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -D, --database</code></td><td>操作软件包数据库</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -Q, --query</code></td><td>从数据库中查询软件包</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -R, --remove</code></td><td>从系统中移除软件包</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -S, --sync</code></td><td>同步软件包</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -T, --deptest</code></td><td>检查依赖关系</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -U, --upgrade</code></td><td>将包升级或添加到系统，并从同步存储库安装所需的依赖项。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -F, --files</code></td><td>查询文件数据库。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -V, --version</code></td><td>显示版本</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pacman -h, --help</code></td><td>显示帮助信息</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<!--rehype:className=style-list-arrow-->
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<p>升级所有已安装的软件包</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Syu</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="安装"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安装</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>要安装单个或者一系列软件包（包含软件包的依赖）</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> 包名_1 包名_2 <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>要通过正则表达式安装一系列软件包</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Ssq</span> 包正则表达式<span class="token variable">)</span></span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>有时软件包有多个版本，放在不同的仓库内（例如 extra 和 testing）</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> extra/包名
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>要安装多个含有相似名称的软件包，可以使用花括号扩展</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> plasma-<span class="token punctuation">{</span>desktop,mediacenter,nm<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>可以多层扩展到需要的层次：</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> plasma-<span class="token punctuation">{</span>workspace<span class="token punctuation">{</span>,-wallpapers<span class="token punctuation">}</span>,pa<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="安装包组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装包组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安装包组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>一些包属于一个可以同时安装的软件包组</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> gnome
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>想要查看哪些包属于 gnome 组</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Sg</span> gnome
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询包数据库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询包数据库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询包数据库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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<p>pacman 使用 -Q 参数查询本地软件包数据库， -S 查询同步数据库，以及 -F查询文件数据库</p>
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<p>pacman 可以在包数据库中查询软件包，查询位置包含了软件包的名字和描述</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Ss</span> string1 string2 <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>使用正则</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Ss</span> <span class="token string">'^vim-'</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>要查询已安装的软件包：</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qs</span> string1 string2 <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
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</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>按文件名查找软件库：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-F</span> string1 string2 <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示软件包的详尽的信息：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Si</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询本地安装包的详细信息：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qi</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>同时显示备份文件和修改状态：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qii</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>要获取已安装软件包所包含文件的列表：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Ql</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询远程库中软件包包含的文件：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Fl</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查软件包安装的文件是否都存在：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qk</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询数据库获取某个文件属于哪个软件包</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qo</span> /path/to/file_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询文件属于远程数据库中的哪个软件包：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-F</span> /path/to/file_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询所有不再作为依赖的软件包(孤立orphans)：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qdt</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询所有明确安装而且不被其它包依赖的软件包：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Qet</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="清理软件包缓存"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#清理软件包缓存"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>清理软件包缓存</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>pacman 将下载的软件包保存在 /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ 并且不会自动移除旧的和未安装版本的软件包</p>
|
||
<p>要删除目前没有安装的所有缓存的包，和没有被使用的同步数据库</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Sc</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>要删除缓存中的全部文件</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Scc</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="pactree"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#pactree"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Pactree</h4>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>注意： pactree 不再是pacman包的一部分。它现在在pacman-contrib包中。</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>要显示软件包的依赖树：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pactree package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除软件包"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除软件包"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除软件包</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>删除单个软件包，保留其全部已经安装的依赖关系</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>删除指定软件包，及其所有没有被其他已安装软件包使用的依赖关系：</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ⚠️删除类似 gnome 这样的软件包组时，将会忽略组中软件包的安装原因，因为实际操作上执行的是逐一删除软件组的每一个软件，依赖软件包的安装原因不会被忽略。</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Rs</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
|
||
<p>要删除软件包和所有依赖这个软件包的程序:</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ⚠️此操作是递归的，请小心检查，可能会一次删除大量的软件包。</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Rsc</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>要删除一个被其他软件包依赖的软件包，但是不删除依赖这个软件包的其他软件包</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># ⚠️ 此操作有破坏系统的能力，应该尽量避免使用</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Rdd</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询一个包含具体文件的包名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询一个包含具体文件的包名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询一个包含具体文件的包名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>同步文件数据库:</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Fy</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查询包含某个文件的包名，比如:</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-F</span> pacman
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">core/pacman <span class="token number">5.0</span>.1-4
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> usr/bin/pacman
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pacman
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">extra/xscreensaver <span class="token number">5.36</span>-1
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> usr/lib/xscreensaver/pacman
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="其它命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#其它命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>其它命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>升级系统时安装其他软件包：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Syu</span> package_name1 package_name2 <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>下载包而不安装它：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-Sw</span> package_name
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>安装一个本地包(不从源里下载）</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> /path/to/package/package_name-version.pkg.tar.zst
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>要将本地包保存至缓存</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> file:///path/to/package/package_name-version.pkg.tar.zst
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>安装一个远程包（不在 pacman 配置的源里面）：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pacman <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> http://www.example.com/repo/example.pkg.tar.zst
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
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