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<title>Cron 备忘清单
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& cron cheatsheet & Quick Reference</title>
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<meta description="Cron 最适合安排重复性任务。 可以使用关联的 at 实用程序来完成一次性任务的调度。为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<meta keywords="Quick,Reference,cheatsheet,cron">
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<body><nav class="header-nav"><div class="max-container"><a href="../index.html" class="logo"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em">
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<span class="title">Quick Reference</span></a><div class="menu"><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/blob/main/docs/cron.md" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 36 36" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="m33 6.4-3.7-3.7a1.71 1.71 0 0 0-2.36 0L23.65 6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v22a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h22a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V11.76l3-3a1.67 1.67 0 0 0 0-2.36ZM18.83 20.13l-4.19.93 1-4.15 9.55-9.57 3.23 3.23ZM29.5 9.43 26.27 6.2l1.85-1.85 3.23 3.23Z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h36v36H0z"></path></svg><span>编辑</span></a><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.012 8.012 0 0 0 16 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><div class="wrap max-container"><header class="wrap-header h1wrap"><h1 id="cron-备忘清单"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#cron-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Cron 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron">Cron</a> 最适合安排重复性任务。 可以使用关联的 at 实用程序来完成一次性任务的调度。</p>
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</div></header><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="crontab-格式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#crontab-格式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Crontab 格式</h2><div class="wrap-body"><!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body cols-2"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="格式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#格式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>格式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">Min Hour Day Mon Weekday
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">分钟 小时 天 月 周
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</span></code></pre>
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<hr>
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<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">* * * * * 要执行的命令
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">┬ ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">│ │ │ │ └─ 星期几 (0=周日 .. 6=星期六)
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">│ │ │ └────── 月 (1..12)
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">│ │ └─────────── 月份中的某天 (1..31)
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">│ └──────────────── 小时 (0..23)
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</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">└───────────────────── 分钟 (0..59)
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</span></code></pre>
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<hr>
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<table class="show-header ">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>字段</th>
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<th>范围</th>
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<th>特殊字符</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>分钟 Minute</td>
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<td>0 - 59</td>
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<td>, - * /</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>小时 Hour</td>
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<td>0 - 23</td>
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<td>, - * /</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>月份中的某天</td>
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<td>1 - 31</td>
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<td>, - * ? / L W</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>月 Month</td>
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<td>1 - 12</td>
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<td>, - * /</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>星期几</td>
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<td>0 - 6</td>
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<td>, - * ? / L #</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table><!--rehype:className=show-header -->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>Example</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>*/15 * * * *</code></td>
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<td>每 15 分钟</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>0 * * * *</code></td>
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<td>每隔一小时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>0 */2 * * *</code></td>
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<td>每 2 小时</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>15 2 * * *</code></td>
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<td>每天凌晨 2 点 15 分</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>15 2 * * ?</code></td>
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<td>每天凌晨 2 点 15 分</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>10 9 * * 5</code></td>
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<td>每周五上午 9:10</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>0 0 * * 0</code></td>
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<td>每个星期日的午夜</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>15 2 * * 1L</code></td>
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<td>每月最后一个星期一凌晨 2 点 15 分</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>15 0 * * 4#2</code></td>
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<td>每个月的第二个星期四早上 00:15</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>0 0 0 1 * *</code></td>
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<td>每个月的 1 日（每月）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>0 0 0 1 1 *</code></td>
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<td>每年 1 月 1 日（每年）</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>@reboot</code></td>
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<td>每次重启 <em>(非标准)</em></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="特殊字符串"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#特殊字符串"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>特殊字符串</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table class="show-header ">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>特殊字符串</th>
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<th>意义</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>@reboot</td>
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<td>运行一次，在系统启动时 <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@yearly</td>
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<td>每年运行一次，“0 0 1 1 *” <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@annually</td>
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<td>（与@yearly 相同）<em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@monthly</td>
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<td>每月运行一次，“0 0 1 * *” <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@weekly</td>
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<td>每周运行一次，“0 0 * * 0” <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@daily</td>
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<td>每天运行一次，“0 0 * * *” <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@midnight</td>
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<td>（与@daily 相同）<em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>@hourly</td>
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<td>每小时运行一次，“0 * * * *” <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table><!--rehype:className=show-header -->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="crontab-命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#crontab-命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Crontab 命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>-</th>
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<th>-</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>crontab -e</code></td>
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<td>如果不存在，则编辑或创建一个 crontab 文件。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>crontab -l</code></td>
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<td>显示 crontab 文件。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>crontab -r</code></td>
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<td>删除 crontab 文件。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>crontab -v</code></td>
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<td>显示您上次编辑 crontab 文件的时间。 <em>（非标准）</em></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>`echo "@reboot echo hi"</td>
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<td>crontab`</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="特殊字符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#特殊字符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>特殊字符</h3><div class="wrap-body"><!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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<table class="show-header ">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>特殊字符</th>
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<th>说明</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><code>星号(*)</code></td>
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<td>匹配字段中的所有值或任何可能的值。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>横杆(-)</code></td>
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<td>用于定义范围。例如：第 5 个字段（星期几）中的 1-5 每个工作日，即星期一到星期五</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>斜线 (/)</code></td>
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<td>第一个字段（分钟）/15 表示每十五分钟或范围的增量。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>逗号(,)</code></td>
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<td>用于分隔项目。例如：第二个字段（小时）中的 2、6、8 在凌晨 2 点、早上 6 点和早上 8 点执行</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>L</code></td>
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<td>仅允许用于 <code>月份中的某天</code> 或 <code>星期几</code> 字段，<code>星期几</code> 中的 <code>2L</code> 表示每个月的最后一个星期二</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>井号 (#)</code></td>
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<td>仅允许用于 <code>星期几</code> 字段，后面必须在 1 到 5 的范围内。例如，<code>4#1</code> 表示给定月份的“第一个星期四”。</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code>问号(?)</code></td>
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<td>可以代替“*”并允许用于月份和星期几。使用仅限于 cron 表达式中的 <code>月份中的某天</code> 或 <code>星期几</code>。</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table><!--rehype:className=show-header -->
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="also-see"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#also-see"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Also see</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://devhints.io/cron">Devhints</a> <em>(devhints.io)</em></li>
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<li><a href="https://crontab-generator.org/">Crontab Generator</a> <em>(crontab-generator.org)</em></li>
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<li><a href="https://crontab.guru/">Crontab guru</a> <em>(crontab.guru)</em></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 Kenny Wang, All rights reserved.</footer></footer></body>
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</html>
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