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<p>这是 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html">GNU awk</a> 的单页快速参考备忘单，其中涵盖了常用的 <code>awk</code> 表达式和命令。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#试试">试试</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#awk-program">Awk program</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#变量">变量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#awk-程序示例">awk 程序示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#条件">条件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#生成-1000-个空格">生成 1000 个空格</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#数组-arrays">数组 Arrays</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#函数-functions">函数 Functions</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#awk-变量">Awk 变量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#内置变量">内置变量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#表达式">表达式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" 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aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#存在">存在</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#不存在">不存在</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#switch">switch</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#awk-循环">Awk 循环</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#fori">for...i</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#1-到-100-之间的-2-的幂">1 到 100 之间的 2 的幂</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#forin">for...in</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#arguments">Arguments</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#示例-3">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#反向记录">反向记录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#反向字段">反向字段</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#按记录求和">按记录求和</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#总结整个文件">总结整个文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#while">while</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#dowhile">do...while</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#break">Break</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#continue">Continue</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#awk-格式化打印">Awk 格式化打印</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#用法">用法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#右对齐">右对齐</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#左对齐">左对齐</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#通用说明符">通用说明符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#space-空间">Space 空间</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#header-标题头">Header 标题头</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#各种各样的">各种各样的</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#正则表达式元字符">正则表达式元字符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#转义序列">转义序列</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#运行脚本">运行脚本</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="试试"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#试试"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>试试</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print $1, $NF}'</span> /etc/passwd
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</span></code></pre>
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<table><thead><tr><th>-</th><th>-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td><code>-F:</code></td><td>冒号作为分隔符</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>{...}</code></td><td>awk 程序</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>print</code></td><td>打印当前记录</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>$1</code></td><td>第一个字段</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>$NF</code></td><td>最后一个字段</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>/etc/passwd</code></td><td>输入数据文件</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="awk-program"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-program"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk program</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">BEGIN <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator"><</span>初始化<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token operator"><</span>pattern <span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">1</span>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator"><</span>计划动作<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token operator"><</span>pattern <span class="token operator"><span class="token file-descriptor important">2</span>></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator"><</span>计划动作<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
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</span><span class="code-line">END <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token operator"><</span> 最后的动作 <span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h4><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'
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</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> BEGIN { print "\n>>>Start" }
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</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> !/(login|shutdown)/ { print NR, $0 }
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</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> END { print "<<<END\n" }
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</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span> /etc/passwd
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"> <span class="token variable">$1</span> <span class="token variable">$2</span>/<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>NF-1<span class="token variable">)</span></span> <span class="token variable">$3</span>/<span class="token variable">$NF</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> ▼ ▼ ▼
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</span><span class="code-line"> ┌──────┬──────────────┬───────┐
|
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$0</span>/NR ▶ │ ID │ WEBSITE │ URI │
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> ├──────┼──────────────┼───────┤
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$0</span>/NR ▶ │ <span class="token number">1</span> │ baidu.com │ <span class="token function">awk</span> │
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> ├──────┼──────────────┼───────┤
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$0</span>/NR ▶ │ <span class="token number">2</span> │ google.com │ <span class="token number">25</span> │
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> └──────┴──────────────┴───────┘
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 第一个和最后一个字段</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print $1,$NF}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 带行号</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print NR, $0}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 倒数第二个字段</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print $(NF-1)}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 自定义字符串</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print $1 "=" $6}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看: <a href="#awk-%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F">Awk 变量</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2 col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="awk-程序示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-程序示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>awk 程序示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2 col-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {print "hello world"}'</span> <span class="token comment"># 打印 "hello world"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print $1}'</span> /etc/passwd <span class="token comment"># -F: 指定字段分隔符</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># /pattern/ 仅对匹配的模式执行操作</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'/root/ {print $1}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># BEGIN 块在开始时执行一次</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'BEGIN { print "uid"} { print $1 }'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># END 块在最后执行一次</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{print $1} END { print "-done-"}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="条件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#条件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>条件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'$3>30 {print $1}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看: <a href="#awk-%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6">Conditions 条件</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="生成-1000-个空格"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#生成-1000-个空格"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>生成 1000 个空格</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN{
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> while (a++ < 1000)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> s=s " ";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print s
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看: <a href="#awk-%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF">Loops</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数组-arrays"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数组-arrays"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数组 Arrays</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> fruits["mango"] = "yellow";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> fruits["orange"] = "orange"
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for(fruit in fruits) {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "The color of " fruit " is " fruits[fruit]
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看: <a href="#awk-%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84">Awk 数组</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="函数-functions"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数-functions"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>函数 Functions</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># => 5</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN{print length("hello")}'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># => HELLO</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN{print toupper("hello")}'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># => hel</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN{print substr("hello", 1, 3)}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看: <a href="#awk-%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0">Functions</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 变量</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="内置变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#内置变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>内置变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>$0</code></td><td align="left">全线</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>$1, $2...$NF</code></td><td align="left">第一个，第二个……最后一个字段</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NR</code></td><td align="left">记录总数(<code>N</code>umber of <code>R</code>ecords)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NF</code></td><td align="left">N个字段(<code>N</code>number of <code>F</code>ields)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>OFS</code></td><td align="left"><code>O</code>utput <code>F</code>ield <code>S</code>eparator<br> 输出字段分隔符 <em>(default " ")</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>FS</code></td><td align="left">input <code>F</code>ield <code>S</code>eparator <br> 输入字段分隔符 <em>(default " ")</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ORS</code></td><td align="left"><code>O</code>utput <code>R</code>ecord <code>S</code>eparator <br> 输出记录分隔符 <em>(default "\n")</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>RS</code></td><td align="left">input <code>R</code>ecord <code>S</code>eparator <br> 输入记录分隔符 <em>(default "\n")</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>FILENAME</code></td><td align="left">文件名</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="表达式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#表达式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>表达式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>$1 == "root"</code></td><td align="left">第一个字段等于根</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>{print $(NF-1)}</code></td><td align="left">倒数第二个字段</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NR!=1{print $0}</code></td><td align="left">从第 2 条记录开始</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NR > 3</code></td><td align="left">从第 4 条记录开始</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NR == 1</code></td><td align="left">第一次记录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>END{print NR}</code></td><td align="left">总记录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>BEGIN{print OFMT}</code></td><td align="left">输出格式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>{print NR, $0}</code></td><td align="left">行号</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>{print NR " " $0}</code></td><td align="left">行号（选项卡）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>{$1 = NR; print}</code></td><td align="left">用行号替换第一个字段</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>$NF > 4</code></td><td align="left">最后一个字段 > 4</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NR % 2 == 0</code></td><td align="left">甚至记录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>NR==10, NR==20</code></td><td align="left">记录 10 到 20</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>BEGIN{print ARGC}</code></td><td align="left">总 <code>arguments</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ORS=NR%5?",":"\n"</code></td><td align="left">连接记录</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="示例-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>打印总和和平均值</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{sum += $3}
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> END { print sum, sum/NR }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>打印参数</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print ARGV[i] }'</span> a b c
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>输出字段分隔符为逗号</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN { FS=":";OFS=","}
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> {print $1,$2,$3,$4}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>匹配位置</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (match("One Two Three", "Tw"))
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print RSTART }'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>匹配时长</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (match("One Two Three", "re"))
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print RLENGTH }'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="环境变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#环境变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>环境变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>ARGC</code></td><td align="left">数字或参数</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ARGV</code></td><td align="left">参数数组</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>FNR</code></td><td align="left">文件记录数(<code>F</code>ile <code>N</code>umber of <code>R</code>ecords)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>OFMT</code></td><td align="left">数字格式 <em>(default "%.6g")</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>RSTART</code></td><td align="left">字符串中的位置</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>RLENGTH</code></td><td align="left">比赛时长</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>SUBSEP</code></td><td align="left">多维数组分隔符 <em>(default "\034")</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ARGIND</code></td><td align="left">参数索引</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="仅限-gnu-awk"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅限-gnu-awk"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅限 GNU awk</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>ENVIRON</code></td><td align="left">环境变量</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>IGNORECASE</code></td><td align="left">忽略大小写</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>CONVFMT</code></td><td align="left">转换格式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ERRNO</code></td><td align="left">系统错误</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>FIELDWIDTHS</code></td><td align="left">固定宽度字段</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="定义变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#定义变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>定义变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">var1</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Hello"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">var2</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Wold"</span> <span class="token string">'
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> END {print var1, var2}
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>/dev/null
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="使用-shell-变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-shell-变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>使用 shell 变量</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">varName</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>"</span> <span class="token string">'
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> END {print varName}'</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>/dev/null
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 运算符</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>{print $1}</code></td><td align="left">第一个字段</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>$2 == "foo"</code></td><td align="left">等于</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>$2 != "foo"</code></td><td align="left">不等于</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>"foo" in array</code></td><td align="left">在数组中</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="正则表达式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#正则表达式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>正则表达式</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>/regex/</code></td><td align="left">行匹配</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>!/regex/</code></td><td align="left">行不匹配</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>$1 ~ /regex/</code></td><td align="left">字段匹配</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>$1 !~ /regex/</code></td><td align="left">字段不匹配</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="更多条件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更多条件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更多条件</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>($2 <= 4 || $3 < 20)</code></td><td align="left">或者</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>($1 == 4 && $3 < 20)</code></td><td align="left">和</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运算符-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运算符-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="算术运算"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#算术运算"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>算术运算</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul class="cols-3 style-none">
|
||
<li><code>+</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>-</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>*</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>/</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>%</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>++</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>--</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="速记作业"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#速记作业"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>速记作业</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul class="cols-3 style-none">
|
||
<li><code>+=</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>-=</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>*=</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>/=</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>%=</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="比较运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#比较运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>比较运算符</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul class="cols-3 style-none">
|
||
<li><code>==</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>!=</code></li>
|
||
<li><code><</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>></code></li>
|
||
<li><code><=</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>>=</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="示例-2"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-2"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if ("foo" ~ "^fo+$")
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Fooey!";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="不匹配"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#不匹配"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>不匹配</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if ("boo" !~ "^fo+$")
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Boo!";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="如果在数组中"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#如果在数组中"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>如果在数组中</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if ("foo" in assoc)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Fooey!";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 函数</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="常用功能"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用功能"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常用功能</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">函数</th><th align="left">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>index(s,t)</code></td><td align="left">字符串 <code>s</code> 中出现字符串 <code>t</code> 的位置，如果未找到则为 <code>0</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>length(s)</code></td><td align="left">字符串 <code>s</code> 的长度（如果没有 <code>arg</code>，则为 <code>$0</code>）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>rand</code></td><td align="left"><code>0</code> 到 <code>1</code> 之间的随机数</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>substr(s,index,len)</code></td><td align="left">返回从索引开始的 <code>s</code> 的 <code>len-char</code> 子字符串（从 <code>1</code> 开始计数）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>srand</code></td><td align="left">为 <code>rand</code> 设置种子并返回之前的种子</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>int(x)</code></td><td align="left">将 <code>x</code> 截断为整数值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>split(s,a,fs)</code></td><td align="left">将字符串 <code>s</code> 拆分为数组 <code>a</code> 由 <code>fs</code> 拆分，返回 <code>a</code> 的长度</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>match(s,r)</code></td><td align="left">字符串 <code>s</code> 中出现正则表达式 <code>r</code> 的位置，如果未找到，则为 <code>0</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>sub(r,t,s)</code></td><td align="left">将 <code>t</code> 替换为字符串 <code>s</code> 中第一次出现的正则表达式 <code>r</code>（如果未给出 <code>s</code>，则替换为 <code>$0</code>）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>gsub(r,t,s)</code></td><td align="left">用 <code>t</code> 替换字符串 <code>s</code> 中所有出现的正则表达式 <code>r</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>system(cmd)</code></td><td align="left">执行cmd并返回退出状态</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>tolower(s)</code></td><td align="left">字符串 <code>s</code> 转小写</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>toupper(s)</code></td><td align="left">字符串 <code>s</code> 转大写</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>getline</code></td><td align="left">将 <code>$0</code> 设置为当前输入文件中的下一个输入记录</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用户定义函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用户定义函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用户定义函数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> # Returns minimum number
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> function find_min(num1, num2){
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (num1 < num2)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> return num1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> return num2
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> # Returns maximum number
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> function find_max(num1, num2){
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (num1 > num2)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> return num1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> return num2
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> # Main function
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> function main(num1, num2){
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> result = find_min(num1, num2)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Minimum =", result
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> result = find_max(num1, num2)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Maximum =", result
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> # Script execution starts here
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> main(10, 60)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-数组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-数组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 数组</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="带索引的数组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#带索引的数组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>带索引的数组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> arr[0] = "foo";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> arr[1] = "bar";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print(arr[0]); # => foo
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> delete arr[0];
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print(arr[0]); # => ""
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="带键的数组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#带键的数组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>带键的数组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print("baz" in assoc); # => 0
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print("foo" in assoc); # => 1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="带拆分的数组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#带拆分的数组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>带拆分的数组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> split("foo:bar:baz", arr, ":");
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (key in arr)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print arr[key];
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="带有排序的数组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#带有排序的数组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>带有排序的数组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> arr[0] = 3
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> arr[1] = 2
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> arr[2] = 4
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> n = asort(arr)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = 1; i <= n ; i++)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print(arr[i])
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="多维"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#多维"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>多维</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> multidim[0,0] = "foo";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> multidim[0,1] = "bar";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> multidim[1,0] = "baz";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> multidim[1,1] = "boo";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="多维迭代"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#多维迭代"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>多维迭代</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> array[1,2]=3;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> array[2,3]=5;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (comb in array) {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> split(comb,sep,SUBSEP);
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print sep[1], sep[2],
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> array[sep[1],sep[2]]
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-条件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-条件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 条件</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="if-else-语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#if-else-语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>if-else 语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">count</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (count == 1)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Yes";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> else
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Huh?";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="三元运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#三元运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>三元运算符</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">count</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print (count==1) ? "Yes" : "Huh?";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="存在"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#存在"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>存在</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if ("foo" in assoc)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Fooey!";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="不存在"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#不存在"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>不存在</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if ("Huh" in assoc == 0 )
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "Huh!";
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="switch"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#switch"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>switch</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> switch (NR * 2 + 1) {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> case 3:
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> case "11":
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print NR - 1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> break
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> case /2[[:digit:]]+/:
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print NR
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> default:
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print NR + 1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> case -1:
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print NR * -1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-循环"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-循环"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 循环</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="fori"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#fori"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>for...i</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "i=" i;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="1-到-100-之间的-2-的幂"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#1-到-100-之间的-2-的幂"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>1 到 100 之间的 2 的幂</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = 1; i <= 100; i *= 2)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print i
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="forin"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#forin"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>for...in</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["key1"] = "val1"
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> assoc["key2"] = "val2"
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (key in assoc)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print assoc[key];
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="arguments"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#arguments"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Arguments</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (argnum in ARGV)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print ARGV[argnum];
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span> a b c
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="示例-3"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-3"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="反向记录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#反向记录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>反向记录</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{ x[NR] = $0 }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> END {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = NR; i > 0; i--)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print x[i]
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="反向字段"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#反向字段"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>反向字段</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = NF; i > 0; i--)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> printf("%s ",$i);
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print ""
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="按记录求和"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#按记录求和"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>按记录求和</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> s=0;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> s += $i;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print s
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="总结整个文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#总结整个文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>总结整个文件</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> {for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> s += $i;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> };
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> END{print s}
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="while"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#while"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>while</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> while (a < 10) {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print "- " " concatenation: " a
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> a++;
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="dowhile"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dowhile"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>do...while</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'{
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> i = 1
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> do {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print $0
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> i++
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> } while (i <= 5)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span> /etc/passwd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="break"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#break"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Break</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> break_num = 5
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print i
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (i == break_num)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> break
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="continue"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#continue"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Continue</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> for (x = 0; x <= 10; x++) {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> if (x == 5 || x == 6)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> continue
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> printf "%d ", x
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> print ""
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="awk-格式化打印"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#awk-格式化打印"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Awk 格式化打印</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用法</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="右对齐"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#右对齐"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>右对齐</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN{printf "|%10s|\n", "hello"}'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># | hello|</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="左对齐"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#左对齐"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>左对齐</h4><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'BEGIN{printf "|%-10s|\n", "hello"}'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># |hello |</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="通用说明符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#通用说明符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>通用说明符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">特征符</th><th align="left">描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>c</code></td><td align="left">ASCII 字符</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>d</code></td><td align="left">十进制整数</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>e</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>f</code></td><td align="left">浮点格式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>o</code></td><td align="left">无符号八进制值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>s</code></td><td align="left">细绳</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>%</code></td><td align="left">文字百分比</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="space-空间"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#space-空间"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Space 空间</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'{
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> printf "%-10s %s\n", $1, $(NF-1)
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">}'</span> /etc/passwd <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">head</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>输出</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">root /root
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">bin /bin
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">daemon /sbin
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="header-标题头"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#header-标题头"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Header 标题头</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">awk</span> -F: <span class="token string">'BEGIN {
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> printf "%-10s %s\n", "User", "Home"
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> printf "%-10s %s\n", "----","----"}
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string"> { printf "%-10s %s\n", $1, $(NF-1) }
|
||
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'</span> /etc/passwd <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">head</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">5</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>输出</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">User Home
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">---- ----
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">root /root
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">bin /bin
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">daemon /sbin
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="各种各样的"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#各种各样的"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>各种各样的</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="正则表达式元字符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#正则表达式元字符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>正则表达式元字符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul class="cols-3 style-none">
|
||
<li><code>\</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>^</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>$</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>.</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>[</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>]</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>|</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>(</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>)</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>*</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>+</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>?</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="转义序列"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#转义序列"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>转义序列</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\b</code></td><td align="left">退格</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\f</code></td><td align="left">换页</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\n</code></td><td align="left">换行（换行）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\r</code></td><td align="left">回车</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\t</code></td><td align="left">水平选项卡</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\v</code></td><td align="left">垂直选项卡</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运行脚本"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运行脚本"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运行脚本</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">cat</span> demo.awk
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#!/usr/bin/awk -f</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">BEGIN <span class="token punctuation">{</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">23</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> x <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">END <span class="token punctuation">{</span> print x <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> demo.awk /etc/passwd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">69</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www-zeuthen.desy.de/dv/documentation/unixguide/infohtml/gawk/gawk.html">GNU awk 用户指南</a> <em>(www-zeuthen.desy.de)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://gist.github.com/Rafe/3102414">AWK cheatsheet</a> <em>(gist.github.com)</em></li>
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