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& ssh cheatsheet & Quick Reference</title>
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<meta description="此快速参考备忘单提供了使用 SSH 的各种方法。
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入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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</svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SSH 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>此快速参考备忘单提供了使用 SSH 的各种方法。</p>
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</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#连接">连接</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#执行">执行</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#scp">SCP</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#配置位置">配置位置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#scp-选项">SCP 选项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#配置示例">配置示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#proxyjump">ProxyJump</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ssh-copy-id">ssh-copy-id</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#ssh-keygen">SSH keygen</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ssh-keygen-1">ssh-keygen</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#产生">产生</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#钥匙类型">钥匙类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#known_hosts">known_hosts</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#密钥格式">密钥格式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="连接"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#连接"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>连接</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>连接到服务器（默认端口 22）</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> root@192.168.1.5
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>在特定端口上连接</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> root@192.168.1.5 <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token number">6222</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>通过 pem 文件连接（0400 权限）</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-i</span> /path/file.pem root@192.168.1.5
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>请参阅：<a href="./chmod.html#ssh-%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90">SSH 权限</a></p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="执行"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#执行"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>执行</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>执行远程命令</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> root@192.168.1.5 <span class="token string">'ls -l'</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>调用本地脚本</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> root@192.168.1.5 <span class="token function">bash</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> script.sh
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>从服务器压缩和下载</p>
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<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> root@192.168.1.5 <span class="token string">"tar cvzf - ~/source"</span> <span class="token operator">></span> output.tgz
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</span></code></pre>
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<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="scp"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#scp"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SCP</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<p>从远程复制到本地</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">scp</span> user@server:/dir/file.ext dest/
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>两台服务器之间的副本</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">scp</span> user@server:/file user@server:/dir
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>从本地复制到远程</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">scp</span> dest/file.ext user@server:/dir
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>复制整个文件夹</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">scp</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> user@server:/dir dest/
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>复制文件夹中的所有文件</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">scp</span> user@server:/dir/* dest/
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>从服务器文件夹复制到当前文件夹</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">scp</span> user@server:/dir/* <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置位置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置位置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置位置</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table><thead><tr><th align="left">文件路径</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</code></td><td>系统范围的配置</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>~/.ssh/config</code></td><td>用户特定的配置</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>~/.ssh/id_{type}</code></td><td>私钥</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>~/.ssh/id_{type}.pub</code></td><td>公钥</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>~/.ssh/known_hosts</code></td><td>登录主机</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></td><td>授权登录密钥</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="scp-选项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#scp-选项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SCP 选项</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">选项</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">scp <code>-r</code></td><td>递归复制整个目录</td></tr><tr><td align="left">scp <code>-C</code></td><td>压缩数据</td></tr><tr><td align="left">scp <code>-v</code></td><td>打印详细信息</td></tr><tr><td align="left">scp <code>-P</code> 8080</td><td>使用特定端口</td></tr><tr><td align="left">scp <code>-B</code></td><td>批处理模式_（防止密码）_</td></tr><tr><td align="left">scp <code>-p</code></td><td>保留时间和模式</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-toml"><code class="language-toml code-highlight"><span class="code-line">Host server1
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> HostName <span class="token number">192.168</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token number">1.5</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> User root
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> Port <span class="token number">22</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> IdentityFile ~/<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ssh/server1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>通过别名启动</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> server1
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>请参阅：完整 <a href="https://linux.die.net/man/5/ssh_config">配置选项</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="proxyjump"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#proxyjump"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ProxyJump</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-J</span> proxy_host1 remote_host2
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-J</span> user@proxy_host1 user@remote_host2
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
|
||
<p>多次跳跃</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-J</span> user@proxy_host1:port1,user@proxy_host2:port2 user@remote_host3
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ssh-copy-id"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-copy-id"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ssh-copy-id</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-copy-id user@server
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>复制到别名服务器</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-copy-id server1
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>复制特定密钥</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-copy-id <span class="token parameter variable">-i</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@server
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="ssh-keygen"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-keygen"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SSH keygen</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:body-class=cols-5-->
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body cols-5"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ssh-keygen-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-keygen-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ssh-keygen</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-t</span> rsa <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-C</span> <span class="token string">"your@mail.com"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>-</th><th>-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td><code>-t</code></td><td><a href="#%E9%92%A5%E5%8C%99%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B">类型</a> 键</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-b</code></td><td>密钥中的位数</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><code>-C</code></td><td>提供新评论</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>生成带有电子邮件作为注释的 RSA 4096 位密钥</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="产生"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#产生"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>产生</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>以交互方式生成密钥</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>指定文件名</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> ~/.ssh/filename
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>从私钥生成公钥</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-y</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> private.key <span class="token operator">></span> public.pub
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>更改评论</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>更改私钥密码</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="钥匙类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#钥匙类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>钥匙类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>rsa</li>
|
||
<li>ed25519</li>
|
||
<li>dsa</li>
|
||
<li>ecdsa</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="known_hosts"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#known_hosts"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>known_hosts</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<p>从 known_hosts 搜索</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-F</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>ip/hostname<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>从 known_hosts 中删除</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ssh-keygen <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>ip/hostname<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="密钥格式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#密钥格式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>密钥格式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>PEM</li>
|
||
<li>PKCS8</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/create-ssh-config-file-on-linux-unix/">OpenSSH 配置文件示例</a> <em>(cyberciti.biz)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://linux.die.net/man/5/ssh_config">ssh_config</a> <em>(linux.die.net)</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div></div><script src="https://giscus.app/client.js" data-repo="jaywcjlove/reference" data-repo-id="R_kgDOID2-Mw" data-category="Q&A" data-category-id="DIC_kwDOID2-M84CS5wo" data-mapping="pathname" data-strict="0" data-reactions-enabled="1" data-emit-metadata="0" data-input-position="bottom" data-theme="dark" data-lang="zh-CN" crossorigin="anonymous" async></script><div class="giscus"></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 <a href="https://wangchujiang.com/#/app" target="_blank">Kenny Wang</a>.</footer></footer><script src="../data.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><script src="../js/fuse.min.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><script src="../js/main.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
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