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<p>PowerShell 用于自动化任务和配置管理的常用命令的备忘清单，可帮助系统管理员快速参考常用操作。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#常用操作">常用操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#辅助命令">辅助命令</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#对象操作">对象操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#文件系统">文件系统</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#系统管理">系统管理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取信息">获取信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#命名空间--类">命名空间 & 类</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#网络管理">网络管理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#用户和组管理">用户和组管理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#安全性和权限">安全性和权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#注册表管理">注册表管理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#脚本">脚本</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变量">变量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#运算符">运算符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#structure">Structure</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#输入输出操作">输入输出操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#流控制">流控制</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#函数--模块">函数 / 模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#示例-1">示例 1</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#示例-2">示例 2</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#模块">模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#注意">注意</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#参考">参考</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="常用操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常用操作</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="辅助命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#辅助命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>辅助命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<p><strong><em>PowerShell 的命令遵循动词-名词格式</em></strong> 一些常见的动词:</p>
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<table><thead><tr><th>动词</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Get</td><td>用于检索信息</td></tr><tr><td>Set</td><td>用于配置或更改设置</td></tr><tr><td>New</td><td>用于创建新对象实例</td></tr><tr><td>Remove</td><td>用于删除或移除项目</td></tr><tr><td>Invoke</td><td>用于执行特定的操作或动作</td></tr><tr><td>Start</td><td>用于启动进程或操作</td></tr><tr><td>Stop</td><td>用于停止或终止进程或操作</td></tr><tr><td>Enable</td><td>用于激活或启用功能</td></tr><tr><td>Disable</td><td>用于停用或禁用功能</td></tr><tr><td>Test</td><td>用于执行测试或检查</td></tr><tr><td>Update</td><td>用于更新或刷新数据或配置</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<p>列出可用模块</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Module</span> <span class="token operator">--</span>ListAvailable
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>列出可用的 cmdlet 和函数</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Command</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Module ActiveDirectory
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>列出别名及其对应的 cmdlet 名称</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Alias</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Select-Object</span> Name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Definition
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>获取帮助</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Help</span> <cmd>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Help</span> <cmd> <span class="token operator">-</span>Examples
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Help</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name <span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Parameter Id
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>Get-Member:</strong> 显示对象的属性和方法</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Get-Member</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="对象操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#对象操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>对象操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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<p><strong>Select-Object:</strong> 选择对象的特定属性或自定义其显示</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Select-Object</span> Name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CPU
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>Where-Object:</strong> 根据指定条件过滤对象</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Service</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Where-Object</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token variable">$PSItem</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Status <span class="token operator">-eq</span> <span class="token string">'Running'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#OR</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Service</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ? <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token variable">$_</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Status <span class="token operator">-eq</span> <span class="token string">'Running'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>Measure-Object:</strong> 计算对象属性的统计信息，如总和、平均值和计数</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Measure-Object</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Property WorkingSet <span class="token operator">-</span>Sum
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>ForEach-Object:</strong> 对集合中的每个对象执行操作（注意：以下命令将为当前目录中的文件/文件夹添加前缀）</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-ChildItem</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">ForEach-Object</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">Rename-Item</span> <span class="token variable">$_</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>NewName <span class="token string">"Prefix_<span class="token variable">$_</span>"</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>Sort-Object:</strong> 按指定属性对对象进行排序</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-ChildItem</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Sort-Object</span> Length <span class="token operator">-</span>Descending
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>Format-Table:</strong> 将输出格式化为带有指定列的表格</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Service</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Format-Table</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>AutoSize <span class="token comment"># ft alias</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><strong>Format-List:</strong> 将输出格式化为属性和值的列表</p>
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Format-List</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Property Name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> CPU <span class="token comment"># fl alias</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="文件系统"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件系统"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件系统</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-Item</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>path file<span class="token punctuation">.</span>txt <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">type</span> <span class="token string">'file'</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>value <span class="token string">'contents'</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-Item</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>path file<span class="token punctuation">.</span>txt <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">type</span> <span class="token string">'dir'</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Copy-Item</span> <src> <span class="token operator">-</span>destination <dest>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Move-Item</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>path <src> <span class="token operator">-</span>destination <dest>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Remove-Item</span> <file>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Test-Path</span> <path>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Rename-Item</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>path <path> <span class="token operator">-</span>newname <newname>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># using .NET Base Class Library</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token namespace">[System.IO.File]</span>::WriteAllText<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'test.txt'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token namespace">[System.IO.File]</span>::Delete<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'test.txt'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Content</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"test.txt"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Out-File</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>FilePath <span class="token string">"processes.txt"</span><span class="token comment"># 输出到文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Process</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Export-Csv</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"processes.csv"</span> <span class="token comment"># 输出到 CSV</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$data</span> = <span class="token function">Import-Csv</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"data.csv"</span> <span class="token comment"># 从 CSV 导入</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="系统管理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#系统管理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>系统管理</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取 BIOS 信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimInstance</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ClassName Win32_BIOS
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取本地连接的物理磁盘设备信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimInstance</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ClassName Win32_DiskDrive
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取安装的物理内存（RAM）信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimInstance</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ClassName Win32_PhysicalMemory
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取安装的网络适配器（物理 + 虚拟）信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimInstance</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ClassName Win32_NetworkAdapter
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取安装的图形/显卡（GPU）信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimInstance</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ClassName Win32_VideoController
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="命名空间--类"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命名空间--类"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>命名空间 & 类</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>列出所有类名</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimClass</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Select-Object</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ExpandProperty CimClassName
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>探索 root\cimv2 命名空间中的各种 WMI 类</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimClass</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Namespace root\cimv2
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>探索 root\cimv2 命名空间下的子 WMI 命名空间</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-CimInstance</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Namespace root <span class="token operator">-</span>ClassName __NAMESPACE
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="网络管理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#网络管理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>网络管理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 测试与远程主机的网络连接</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Test-Connection</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ComputerName google<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取网络适配器信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-NetAdapter</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取 IP 地址信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-NetIPAddress</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取路由表信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-NetRoute</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 测试远程主机上的端口是否开放</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Test-NetConnection</span> google<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com <span class="token operator">-</span>Port 80
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用户和组管理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用户和组管理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用户和组管理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取本地用户账户信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-LocalUser</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建新的本地用户账户</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-LocalUser</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name NewUser <span class="token operator">-</span>Password <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">ConvertTo-SecureString</span> <span class="token string">"Password123"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>AsPlainText <span class="token operator">-</span>Force<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除本地用户账户</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Remove-LocalUser</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name UserToRemove
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取本地组信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-LocalGroup</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将成员添加到本地组</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Add-LocalGroupMember</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">Group</span> Administrators <span class="token operator">-</span>Member UserToAdd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="安全性和权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安全性和权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安全性和权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>获取文件/目录的访问控制列表</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Acl</span> C:\Path\To\File<span class="token punctuation">.</span>txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>设置文件/目录的访问控制列表</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Set-Acl</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path C:\Path\To\File<span class="token punctuation">.</span>txt <span class="token operator">-</span>AclObject <span class="token variable">$aclObject</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="注册表管理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#注册表管理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>注册表管理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取注册表键值</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-ItemProperty</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\*"</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Select</span> DisplayName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DisplayVersion
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置注册表键值</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Set-ItemProperty</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"HKLM:\Software\MyApp"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name <span class="token string">"SettingName"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Value <span class="token string">"NewValue"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建新的注册表键值</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-ItemProperty</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"HKCU:\Software\MyApp"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name <span class="token string">"NewSetting"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Value <span class="token string">"NewValue"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>PropertyType String
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除注册表键值</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Remove-ItemProperty</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Path <span class="token string">"HKCU:\Software\MyApp"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name <span class="token string">"SettingToRemove"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 检查注册表键是否存在</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Test-Path</span> <span class="token string">"HKLM:\Software\MyApp"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="脚本"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#脚本"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>脚本</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>初始化变量，指定或不指定类型：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$var</span> = 0
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token namespace">[int]</span> <span class="token variable">$var</span> = <span class="token string">'Trevor'</span> <span class="token comment"># (抛出异常)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token namespace">[string]</span> <span class="token variable">$var</span> = <span class="token string">'Trevor'</span> <span class="token comment"># (不会抛出异常)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$var</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>GetType<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 多重赋值</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$b</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$c</span> = <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'c'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建数组</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$arrayvar</span> = @<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'va1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'va2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建字典</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$dict</span> = @<span class="token punctuation">{</span>k1 = <span class="token string">'test'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> k2 = <span class="token string">'best'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>变量命令</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-Variable</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name FirstName <span class="token operator">-</span>Value Trevor
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-Variable</span> FirstName <span class="token operator">-</span>Value Trevor <span class="token operator">-</span>Option <ReadOnly/Constant>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Variable</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Variable</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ? <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token variable">$PSItem</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Options <span class="token operator">-contains</span> <span class="token string">'constant'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Variable</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ? <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token variable">$PSItem</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Options <span class="token operator">-contains</span> <span class="token string">'readonly'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Remove-Variable</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name firstname
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除只读变量</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Remove-Variable</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name firstname <span class="token operator">-</span>Force
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>变量类型：int32, int64, string, bool</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 运算符</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># (a <op> b)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">= <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">++</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token operator">--</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-eq</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token operator">-ne</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">-lt</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token operator">-gt</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">-le</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token operator">-ge</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$FirstName</span> = <span class="token string">'Trevor'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$FirstName</span> <span class="token operator">-like</span> <span class="token string">'T*'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token boolean">$true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token boolean">$false</span> <span class="token comment"># 布尔值 true/false</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 三元运算符</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$FoodToEat</span> = <span class="token variable">$BaconIsYummy</span> ? <span class="token string">'bacon'</span> : <span class="token string">'beets'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># -notin 或 -in</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'Celery'</span> <span class="token operator">-in</span> @<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Bacon'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Sausage'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Steak'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 输出: True</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">5 <span class="token operator">-is</span> <span class="token namespace">[int32]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 正则表达式匹配，可以使用数组</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'Trevor'</span> <span class="token operator">-match</span> <span class="token string">'^T\w*'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查找多个匹配项</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$regex</span> = <span class="token namespace">[regex]</span><span class="token string">'(\w*)'</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$regex</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Matches<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'this is test'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>Value
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="structure"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#structure"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Structure</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<h4 id="输入输出操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输入输出操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>输入输出操作</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">"This displays a string"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Write-Host</span> <span class="token string">"color"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ForegroundColor Red
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$age</span> = <span class="token function">Read-host</span> <span class="token string">"Enter age"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$pwd</span> = <span class="token function">Read-host</span> <span class="token string">"password"</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>asSecureString
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Clear-Host</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="流控制"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#流控制"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>流控制</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">IF</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token comment"><#Condition#></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"><#Commands#></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">ELSEIF</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">ELSE</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">Switch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$var</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string">"val1"</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment"><#Commands#></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string">"val2"</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment"><#Commands#></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">For</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$ct</span>=0<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token variable">$ct</span> <span class="token operator">-le</span> 3<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token variable">$ct</span><span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ForEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$var</span> in <span class="token variable">$arr</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$var</span> <span class="token operator">-ne</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">Do</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">While</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="函数--模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数--模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>函数 / 模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<h4 id="示例-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例 1</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">function</span> funcname<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token namespace">[CmdletBinding()]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">param</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token namespace">[Parameter(Mandatory)]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token namespace">[String]</span><span class="token variable">$user</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">Write-Host</span> <span class="token string">"welcome "</span> <span class="token variable">$user</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"value"</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$var</span> = funcname <span class="token operator">-</span>user pcb
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="示例-2"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-2"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例 2</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Get-EvenNumbers</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token namespace">[CmdletBinding()]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">param</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token namespace">[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token namespace">[int]</span> <span class="token variable">$Number</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">begin</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment"><#command#></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">process</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$Number</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> 2 <span class="token operator">-eq</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">Write-Output</span> <span class="token variable">$Number</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">end</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment"><#command#></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token function">Get-EvenNumbers</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>模块</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-powershell"><code class="language-PowerShell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># PowerShell 在路径中查找模块</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">$env</span>:PSModulePath
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出系统上安装的所有模块</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Module</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>ListAvailable
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出当前会话中导入的模块</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Get-Module</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Import-Module</span> <moduleName>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Remove-Module</span> <moduleName>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Find-Module</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Tag cloud
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">Find-Module</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name <span class="token function">ps</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建一个内存中的 PowerShell 模块</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">New-Module</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>Name trevor <span class="token operator">-</span>ScriptBlock <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">function</span> Add<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$a</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token variable">$a</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token variable">$b</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="注意"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#注意"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>注意</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在大多数语言中，转义字符是反斜杠 <strong>\</strong>，而在 PowerShell 中是反引号 <strong>`</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="参考"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参考"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参考</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/samples/sample-scripts-for-administration?view=powershell-7.3">Microsoft PowerShell</a> <em>(learn.microsoft.com)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://cheatsheets.zip/powershell">cheatsheets</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div></div><script src="https://giscus.app/client.js" data-repo="jaywcjlove/reference" data-repo-id="R_kgDOID2-Mw" data-category="Q&A" data-category-id="DIC_kwDOID2-M84CS5wo" data-mapping="pathname" data-strict="0" data-reactions-enabled="1" data-emit-metadata="0" data-input-position="bottom" data-theme="dark" data-lang="zh-CN" crossorigin="anonymous" async></script><div class="giscus"></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 <a href="https://wangchujiang.com/#/app" target="_blank">Kenny Wang</a>.</footer></footer><script src="../data.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><script src="../js/fuse.min.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><script src="../js/main.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
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