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&#x26; postgres cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
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入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#postgresql-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>PostgreSQL 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/">PostgreSQL</a> 备忘清单为您提供了常用的 PostgreSQL 命令和语句。</p>
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<p>切换和连接</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> postgres psql
</span></code></pre>
<p>列出所有数据库</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token assign-left variable">postgres</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token comment"># \l</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>连接到名为 postgres 的数据库</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token assign-left variable">postgres</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token comment"># \c postgres</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>断开</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token assign-left variable">postgres</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token comment"># \q</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token assign-left variable">postgres</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token comment"># \!</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="psql-命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#psql-命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>psql 命令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="left">参数</th><th>示例</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>[-d] &#x3C;database></code></td><td>psql -d mydb</td><td>连接到数据库</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-U</code></td><td>psql -U john mydb</td><td>以特定用户身份连接</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-h</code> <code>-p</code></td><td>psql -h localhost -p 5432 mydb</td><td>连接到主机/端口</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-U</code> <code>-h</code> <code>-p</code> <code>-d</code></td><td>psql -U admin -h 192.168.1.5 -p 2506 -d mydb</td><td>连接远程 PostgreSQL</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-W</code></td><td>psql -W mydb</td><td>强制密码</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-c</code></td><td>psql -c '\c postgres' -c '\dt'</td><td>执行 SQL 查询或命令</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-H</code></td><td>psql -c "\l+" -H postgres > database.html</td><td>生成 HTML 报告</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-l</code></td><td>psql -l</td><td>列出所有数据库</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>psql mydb -f file.sql</td><td>从文件执行命令</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-V</code></td><td>psql -V</td><td>打印 psql 版本</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获得帮助"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获得帮助"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获得帮助</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\h</code></td><td>SQL 命令语法帮助</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\h</code> DELETE</td><td>DELETE SQL 语句语法</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\?</code></td><td>PostgreSQL 命令列表</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>在 PostgreSQL 控制台中运行</p>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="postgresql-工作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#postgresql-工作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>PostgreSQL 工作</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="recon-观察"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#recon-观察"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Recon 观察</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>显示版本</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> SERVER_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示系统状态</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\conninfo
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示环境变量</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>列出用户</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> rolname <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> pg_roles<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示当前用户</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token keyword">current_user</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示当前用户的权限</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\du
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示当前数据库</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> current_database<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示数据库中的所有表</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\dt
</span></code></pre>
<p>列出函数</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\df <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span><span class="token keyword">schema</span><span class="token operator">></span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="databases-数据库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#databases-数据库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Databases 数据库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>列出数据库</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\l
</span></code></pre>
<p>连接到数据库</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\c <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>database_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>显示当前数据库</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> current_database<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-createdatabase.html">创建数据库</a></p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>database_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> OWNER <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>username<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-dropdatabase.html">删除数据库</a></p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>database_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-alterdatabase.html">重命名数据库</a></p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>old_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">RENAME</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>new_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="tables-表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#tables-表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Tables 表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>列出当前数据库中的表</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\dt
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> table_schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span>table_name <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> information_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">tables</span> <span class="token keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> table_schema<span class="token punctuation">,</span>table_name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>全局列表</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\dt <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> pg_catalog<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pg_tables
</span></code></pre>
<p>列出表结构</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\d <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line">\d<span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> column_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> data_type<span class="token punctuation">,</span> character_maximum_length
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">COLUMNS</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> table_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'&#x3C;table_name>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-createtable.html">创建表</a></p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_type<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_type<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>创建表，主键自增</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">SERIAL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-droptable.html">删除表</a></p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">CASCADE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="permissions-权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#permissions-权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Permissions 权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>成为 postgres 用户，如果您有权限错误</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">su</span> - postgres
</span><span class="code-line">psql
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-grant.html">授予</a> 对数据库的所有权限</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIVILEGES</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>db_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>授予数据库连接权限</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">CONNECT</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>db_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>授予架构权限</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">USAGE</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>授予函数权限</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">EXECUTE</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> FUNCTIONS <span class="token operator">IN</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>授予在所有表上选择、更新、插入、删除的权限</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLES</span> <span class="token operator">IN</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>在表上授予权限</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>授予对表的选择权限</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLES</span> <span class="token operator">IN</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="columns-列"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#columns-列"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Columns 列</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-altertable.html">添加栏目</a></p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>data_type<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>constraints<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>更新栏</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">TYPE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>data_type<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>constraints<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>删除列</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>将列更新为自增主键</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token keyword">COLUMN</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">SERIAL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>使用自动递增的主键插入表中</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">DEFAULT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value1<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column1_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column2_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value1<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value2<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="data-数据"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#data-数据"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Data 数据</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-select.html">选择</a> 所有数据</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>读取一行数据</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">LIMIT</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>搜索数据</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span><span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-insert.html">插入</a> 数据</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value_1<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value_2<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-update.html">更新</a> 数据</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_1<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value_1<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_2<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>value_2<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_1<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span><span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-delete.html">删除</a> 所有数据</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>删除特定数据</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>table_name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>column_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span><span class="token keyword">value</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="users-用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#users-用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Users 用户</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<p>列出角色</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> rolname <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> pg_roles<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-createuser.html">创建用户</a></p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> PASSWORD <span class="token string">'&#x3C;password>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-dropuser.html">删除用户</a></p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-alterrole.html">更改</a> 用户密码</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> ROLE <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>user_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> PASSWORD <span class="token string">'&#x3C;password>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="schema"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#schema"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Schema</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>列出 Schemas</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\dn
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> schema_name <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> information_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>schemata<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> nspname <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> pg_catalog<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pg_namespace<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-createschema.html">创建架构</a></p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>schema_name<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-dropschema.html">删除模式</a></p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>schema_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">CASCADE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="postgresql-命令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#postgresql-命令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>PostgreSQL 命令</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\d &#x3C;table></code></td><td>描述表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\d+ &#x3C;table></code></td><td>详细描述表格</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dt</code></td><td>列出当前模式中的表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dt *.*</code></td><td>列出所有模式中的表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dt &#x3C;schema>.*</code></td><td>列出架构的表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dp</code></td><td>列出表访问权限</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\det[+]</code></td><td>列出外部表</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询缓冲区"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询缓冲区"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询缓冲区</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\e [FILE]</code></td><td>编辑查询缓冲区(或文件)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\ef [FUNC]</code></td><td>编辑函数定义</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\p</code></td><td>显示内容</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\r</code></td><td>重置(清除)查询缓冲区</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\s [FILE]</code></td><td>显示历史记录或保存到文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\w FILE</code></td><td>将查询缓冲区写入文件</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-4"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-4-->
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\l[+]</code></td><td>列出所有数据库</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dn[S+]</code></td><td>列出架构</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\di[S+]</code></td><td>列出索引</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\du[+]</code></td><td>列出角色</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\ds[S+]</code></td><td>列出序列</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\df[antw][S+]</code></td><td>列出函数</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\deu[+]</code></td><td>列出用户映射</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dv[S+]</code></td><td>列表视图</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dl</code></td><td>列出大对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dT[S+]</code></td><td>列出数据类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\da[S]</code></td><td>列出聚合</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\db[+]</code></td><td>列出表空间</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dc[S+]</code></td><td>列出转化</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dC[+]</code></td><td>列出演员表</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\ddp</code></td><td>列出默认权限</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dd[S]</code></td><td>显示对象描述</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dD[S+]</code></td><td>列出域</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\des[+]</code></td><td>列出国外服务器</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dew[+]</code></td><td>列出外部数据包装器</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dF[+]</code></td><td>列出文本搜索配置</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dFd[+]</code></td><td>列出文本搜索词典</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dFp[+]</code></td><td>列出文本搜索解析器</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dFt[+]</code></td><td>列出文本搜索模板</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dL[S+]</code></td><td>列出程序语言</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\do[S]</code></td><td>列出运算符</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dO[S+]</code></td><td>列出排序规则</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\drds</code></td><td>列出每个数据库的角色设置</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\dx[+]</code></td><td>列出扩展</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><code>S</code>：显示系统对象，<code>+</code>：附加细节</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="连接"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#连接"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>连接</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\c [DBNAME]</code></td><td>连接到新数据库</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\encoding [ENCODING]</code></td><td>显示或设置客户端编码</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\password [USER]</code></td><td>更改密码</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\conninfo</code></td><td>显示信息</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="格式化"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#格式化"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>格式化</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\a</code></td><td>在未对齐和对齐之间切换</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\C [STRING]</code></td><td>设置表格标题，如果没有则取消设置</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\f [STRING]</code></td><td>显示或设置未对齐的字段分隔符</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\H</code></td><td>切换 HTML 输出模式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\t [on|off]</code></td><td>仅显示行</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\T [STRING]</code></td><td>设置或取消设置 HTML &#x3C;table> 标签属性</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\x [on|off]</code></td><td>切换扩展输出</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="输入输出"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#输入输出"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>输入输出</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\copy ...</code></td><td>导入/导出表 <em>另见：</em> <a href="#%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%A5%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA-csv">复制</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\echo [STRING]</code></td><td>打印字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\i FILE</code></td><td>执行文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\o [FILE]</code></td><td>将所有结果导出到文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\qecho [STRING]</code></td><td>输出流的字符串</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\prompt [TEXT] NAME</code></td><td>设置变量</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\set [NAME [VALUE]]</code></td><td>设置变量 <em>(如果没有参数，则列出所有变量)</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\unset NAME</code></td><td>删除变量</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="杂项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#杂项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>杂项</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>\cd [DIR]</code></td><td>更改目录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\timing [on|off]</code></td><td>切换时间</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\! [COMMAND]</code></td><td>在shell中执行</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>\! ls -l</code></td><td>在shell中列出所有</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="大对象"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#大对象"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>大对象</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><code>\lo_export LOBOID FILE</code></li>
<li><code>\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]</code></li>
<li><code>\lo_list</code></li>
<li><code>\lo_unlink LOBOID</code></li>
</ul>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="各种各样的"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#各种各样的"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>各种各样的</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="备份"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#备份"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>备份</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>使用 pg_dumpall 备份所有数据库</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pg_dumpall <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> postgres <span class="token operator">></span> all.sql
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用 pg_dump 备份数据库</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pg_dump <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> mydb <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> mydb_backup.sql
</span></code></pre>
<ul class="style-none">
<li>  <code>-a</code>   只转储数据，而不是模式(schema)</li>
<li>  <code>-s</code>   只转储模式，不转储数据</li>
<li>  <code>-c</code>   在重新创建之前删除数据库</li>
<li>  <code>-C</code>   还原前创建数据库</li>
<li>  <code>-t</code>   仅转储命名表</li>
<li>  <code>-F</code>   格式(<code>c</code>：自定义，<code>d</code>：目录，<code>t</code>：tar)</li>
</ul>
<!--rehype:className=style-none-->
<p>使用 <code>pg_dump -?</code> 获取完整的选项列表</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="恢复"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#恢复"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>恢复</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>使用 psql 恢复数据库</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ psql <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> user mydb <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> mydb_backup.sql
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用 pg_restore 恢复数据库</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pg_restore <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> mydb mydb_backup.sql <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span>
</span></code></pre>
<ul class="style-none">
<li>  <code>-U</code>   指定数据库用户</li>
<li>  <code>-c</code>   在重新创建之前删除数据库</li>
<li>  <code>-C</code>   还原前创建数据库</li>
<li>  <code>-e</code>   如果遇到错误退出</li>
<li>  <code>-F</code>   格式(<code>c</code>:自定义，<code>d</code>:目录，<code>t</code>:tar，<code>p</code>:纯文本sql(默认))</li>
</ul>
<!--rehype:className=style-none-->
<p>使用 <code>pg_restore -?</code> 获取完整的选项列表</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="远程访问"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#远程访问"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>远程访问</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>获取 postgresql.conf 的位置</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ psql <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> postgres <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> <span class="token string">'SHOW config_file'</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>附加到 postgresql.conf</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">listen_addresses <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'*'</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>附加到 pg_hba.conf(与 postgresql.conf 相同的位置)</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">host</span> all all <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0/0 md5
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">host</span> all all ::/0 md5
</span></code></pre>
<p>重启 PostgreSQL 服务器</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl restart postgresql
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="导入导出-csv"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#导入导出-csv"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>导入/导出 CSV</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>将表格导出为 CSV 文件</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\copy <span class="token keyword">table</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'&#x3C;path>'</span> CSV
</span><span class="code-line">\copy <span class="token keyword">table</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>col1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>col1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'&#x3C;path>'</span> CSV
</span><span class="code-line">\copy <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'&#x3C;path>'</span> CSV
</span></code></pre>
<p>将 CSV 文件导入表格</p>
<pre class="language-sql"><code class="language-sql code-highlight"><span class="code-line">\copy <span class="token keyword">table</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token string">'&#x3C;path>'</span> CSV
</span><span class="code-line">\copy <span class="token keyword">table</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>col1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>col1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token string">'&#x3C;path>'</span> CSV
</span></code></pre>
<p>另见：<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-copy.html">复制</a></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="跨版本升级"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#跨版本升级"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>跨版本升级</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>pg_upgrade 跨版本升级</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ /usr/lib/postgresql/16/bin/pg_upgrade <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> /usr/lib/postgresql/15/bin <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-B</span> /usr/lib/postgresql/16/bin <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> /var/lib/postgresql/15/main <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-D</span> /var/lib/postgresql/16/main <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token string">" -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf"</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">-O</span> <span class="token string">" -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/16/main/postgresql.conf"</span>
</span></code></pre>
<ul class="style-none">
<li>  <code>-b</code>   旧版本二进制文件目录</li>
<li>  <code>-B</code>   新版本二进制文件目录</li>
<li>  <code>-d</code>   旧版本数据目录</li>
<li>  <code>-D</code>   新版本数据目录</li>
<li>  <code>-o</code>   旧版本主配置文件</li>
<li>  <code>-O</code>   新版本主配置文件</li>
<li>  <code>-c</code>   仅<code>check</code>，不执行升级，可先加<code>-c</code>检查是否有报错，没有报错再运行升级</li>
</ul>
<!--rehype:className=style-none-->
<p>使用 <code>pg_upgrade -?</code> 获取完整的选项列表</p>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gist.github.com/apolloclark/ea5466d5929e63043dcf#posgres-cheatsheet">Posgres-cheatsheet</a> <em>(gist.github.com)</em></li>
</ul>
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