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& git cheatsheet & Quick Reference</title>
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aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#重设第一个-commit">重设第一个 commit</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#回到远程仓库的状态">回到远程仓库的状态</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#commit-历史中显示-branch1-有的但是-branch2-没有-commit">commit 历史中显示 Branch1 有的但是 Branch2 没有 commit</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#git-迁移">git 迁移</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#git-submodule-子模块">Git Submodule 子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#添加子模块">添加子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#克隆包含子模块的仓库">克隆包含子模块的仓库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更新子模块">更新子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#切换到子模块的特定提交">切换到子模块的特定提交</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看当前仓库中的子模块">查看当前仓库中的子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#初始化子模块">初始化子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#切换到父仓库的特定提交并更新子模块">切换到父仓库的特定提交，并更新子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取并切换子模块的最新标签">获取并切换子模块的最新标签</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#子模块递归">子模块递归</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取子模块的最新提交">获取子模块的最新提交</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除子模块">删除子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#切换子模块的分支">切换子模块的分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#初始化并更新所有子模块">初始化并更新所有子模块</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#切换子模块的特定标签">切换子模块的特定标签</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#config-设置">Config 设置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看配置的信息">查看配置的信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" 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href="#分支">分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取最近一次提交的-hash">获取最近一次提交的 Hash</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除已经合并到-master-的分支">删除已经合并到 master 的分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看冲突文件列表">查看冲突文件列表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示工作区的冲突文件列表">展示工作区的冲突文件列表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示暂存区和最近版本的不同">展示暂存区和最近版本的不同</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示暂存区工作区和最近版本的不同">展示暂存区、工作区和最近版本的不同</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除已经合并到-master-的分支-1">删除已经合并到 master 的分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#关联远程分支">关联远程分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看远程分支和本地分支的对应关系">查看远程分支和本地分支的对应关系</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示当前分支的最近的-tag">展示当前分支的最近的 tag</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#修改作者名">修改作者名</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#增加远程仓库">增加远程仓库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#列出所有远程仓库">列出所有远程仓库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#从-stash-中拿出某个文件的修改">从 stash 中拿出某个文件的修改</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示所有-tracked-的文件">展示所有 tracked 的文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示所有-untracked-的文件">展示所有 untracked 的文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示所有忽略的文件">展示所有忽略的文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#把某一个分支导出成一个文件">把某一个分支导出成一个文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#从包中导入分支">从包中导入分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#执行-rebase-之前自动-stash">执行 rebase 之前自动 stash</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#从远程仓库根据-id拉下某一状态到本地分支">从远程仓库根据 ID，拉下某一状态，到本地分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#详细展示一行中的修改">详细展示一行中的修改</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#清除-gitignore-文件中记录的文件">清除 gitignore 文件中记录的文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示忽略的文件">展示忽略的文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#新建并切换到新分支上同时这个分支没有任何-commit">新建并切换到新分支上，同时这个分支没有任何 commit</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#展示任意分支某一文件的内容">展示任意分支某一文件的内容</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#clone-最新一次提交">clone 最新一次提交</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#忽略某个文件的改动">忽略某个文件的改动</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#以最后提交的顺序列出所有-git-分支">以最后提交的顺序列出所有 Git 分支</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#把暂存区的指定-file-放到工作区中">把暂存区的指定 file 放到工作区中</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#配置-ssh-协议代理">配置 SSH 协议代理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#fork仓库同步上游仓库">Fork仓库同步上游仓库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#统计查询">统计查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看-git-上的个人代码量">查看 git 上的个人代码量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#统计每个人增删行数">统计每个人增删行数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看仓库提交者排名">查看仓库提交者排名</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#提交数统计">提交数统计</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看某段代码是谁写的">查看某段代码是谁写的</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看两个星期内的改动">查看两个星期内的改动</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#在-commit-log-中查找相关内容">在 commit log 中查找相关内容</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#git-仓库的大小">Git 仓库的大小</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#git-仓库的总大小">Git 仓库的总大小</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查询历史体积大的-10-个文件">查询历史体积大的 10 个文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#conventional-commmits">Conventional Commmits</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#格式">格式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#常用">常用</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#commit-类型">Commit 类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#patch-补丁的使用">patch 补丁的使用</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#简单创建">简单创建</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#简单应用">简单应用</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#email-patch-方式">Email patch 方式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建存储库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建存储库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建存储库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>创建一个新的本地存储库</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> init <span class="token punctuation">[</span>项目名称<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>克隆存储库(代码仓库)</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token operator"><</span>git_url<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将存储库克隆到指定目录</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token operator"><</span>git_url<span class="token operator">></span> 指定目录
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将存储库克隆到指定目录，并指定分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token operator"><</span>git_url<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>分支名称<span class="token operator">></span> 指定目录
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="做出改变"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#做出改变"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>做出改变</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
<p>在工作目录中<strong>显示</strong>修改后的文件，为您的下一次提交暂存</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> status
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>暂存文件，准备提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>暂存<strong>所有</strong>更改的文件，准备提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将所有暂存文件提交到版本化历史记录</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token string">"commit message"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将所有跟踪的文件提交到版本化历史记录</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">-am</span> <span class="token string">"commit message"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>取消暂存文件，保留文件更改</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将所有内容恢复到最后一次提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>已更改但未暂存内容的差异</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>已 commited 但尚未提交的内容的差异</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--staged</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>在指定分支之前应用当前分支的任何提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rebase <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>设置将附加到您的提交和标签的名称</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> user.name <span class="token string">"name"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>设置将附加到您的提交和标签 tags 的<strong>电子邮件地址</strong></p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> user.email <span class="token string">"email"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>启用 Git 输出的一些着色</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> color.ui auto
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>在文本编辑器中编辑全局配置文件</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--edit</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示本地 <code>repo</code> 配置设置</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--list</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>删除全局设置</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>entry-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="使用分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>使用分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
<p>列出所有本地分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>列出所有分支，本地和远程</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-av</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>切换到 <code>my_branch</code>，并更新工作目录</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout my_branch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>创建并切换到新分支<code>new_branch</code></p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> new_branch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>删除名为 <code>my_branch</code> 的分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> my_branch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>删除本地存在远程不存在的分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote prune origin
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将分支 <code>A</code> 合并到分支 <code>B</code></p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout branchB
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> merge branchA
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>标记当前提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> tag my_tag
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>从远程分支中创建并切换到本地分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span> origin/<span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="临时提交"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#临时提交"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>临时提交</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 保存已修改和分阶段的更改</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出隐藏文件更改的堆栈顺序</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash list
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从存储堆栈顶部编写工作</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash pop
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 丢弃存储堆栈顶部的更改</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash drop
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 回到某个 stash 的状态</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash apply <span class="token operator"><</span>stash@<span class="token punctuation">{</span>n<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除所有的 stash</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash <span class="token function">clear</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="观察你的存储库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#观察你的存储库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>观察你的存储库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>显示当前活动分支的提交历史</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示 branchA 上不在 branchB 上的提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log branchB<span class="token punctuation">..</span>branchA
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示更改文件的提交，即使跨重命名</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--follow</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示 branchA 中的内容与 branchB 中的内容的差异</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> branchB<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.branchA
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>以人类可读的格式显示 Git 中的任何对象</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> show <span class="token punctuation">[</span>SHA<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-4"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="忽略文件-gitignore"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#忽略文件-gitignore"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>忽略文件 .gitignore</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-4-->
|
||
<p>文件 <code>.gitignore</code> 指定了 <code>Git</code> 应该忽略的 <strong>未跟踪的</strong> 文件</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">行首 <code>#</code></td><td align="left">全行注释，不支持行尾类注释 <em>(转义 <code>\#</code>)</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left">行首 <strong><code>!</code></strong></td><td align="left">否定模式 <em>(转义 <code>\!</code>)</em></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>**</code></td><td align="left">匹配任意路径</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>*</code></td><td align="left">匹配任意多个字符</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>?</code></td><td align="left">匹配任意一个字符</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>doc/**</code></td><td align="left">匹配 <code>doc</code> 文件夹下的全部内容</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>doc/**/a</code></td><td align="left">匹配任意深度路径下的 <code>a</code> 文件或文件夹</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>/</code></td><td align="left">表示路径分隔符，不区分操作系统</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>/</code> 结尾</td><td align="left">仅会匹配文件夹，否则会匹配文件和文件夹</td></tr><tr><td align="left">空行</td><td align="left">不匹配任何文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left">行尾空格</td><td align="left">默认被忽略，可使用<code>\</code>进行转义</td></tr><tr><td align="left">行首空格</td><td align="left">被正常处理，不会被忽略</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<p>当前 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件定义规则的优先级高于上级路径 <code>.gitignore</code> 定义规则的优先级；后定义的规则优先级高于前面定义规则的优先级</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-gitignore code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token comment"># 忽略当前目录logs文件夹下的全部内容</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>logs<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>logs<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">*</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token punctuation">/</span>logs<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">**</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token comment"># 上述几条规则等效</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7"><span class="token comment"># 忽略 Mac 系统文件，包括任意子路径下的同名文件（夹）</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8"><span class="token entry string">.DS_store</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10"><span class="token comment"># 忽略 node_modules 文件夹，包括任意子路径下的同名文件夹</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11"><span class="token entry string">node_modules<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token comment"># 忽略任意子路径下build、target文件夹，</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"><span class="token comment"># 但不忽略src/main、src/test下的build、target文件夹</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15"><span class="token entry string">build<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>src<span class="token punctuation">/</span>main<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>build<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>src<span class="token punctuation">/</span>test<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>build<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18"><span class="token entry string">target<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>src<span class="token punctuation">/</span>main<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>target<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>src<span class="token punctuation">/</span>test<span class="token punctuation">/</span><span class="token operator">**</span><span class="token punctuation">/</span>target<span class="token punctuation">/</span></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="22"><span class="token comment"># 使用 ! 重新包含指定文件（夹）</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="23"><span class="token entry string"><span class="token operator">!</span>logs<span class="token punctuation">/</span>.gitkeep</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="重构文件名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重构文件名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重构文件名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从工作目录中删除文件并暂存删除</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>filename<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从版本控制中删除文件但在本地保留文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--cached</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>filename<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 更改文件名并准备提交</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">mv</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>filename-orig<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>filename-renamed<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="同步"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#同步"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>同步</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>从该 Git 远程获取所有分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> fetch <span class="token punctuation">[</span>alias<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将远程分支合并到当前分支以使其保持最新状态</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> merge <span class="token punctuation">[</span>alias<span class="token punctuation">]</span>/<span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 没有快进</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> merge --no-ff <span class="token punctuation">[</span>alias<span class="token punctuation">]</span>/<span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 仅快进</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> merge --ff-only <span class="token punctuation">[</span>alias<span class="token punctuation">]</span>/<span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将本地分支提交传输到远程存储库分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token punctuation">[</span>alias<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>从跟踪远程分支获取并合并任何提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> pull
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将另一个分支的一个特定提交合并到当前分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> cherry-pick <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit_id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="远程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#远程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>远程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>添加一个 git URL 作为别名</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>alias<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>url<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示您设置的远程存储库的名称</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示远程存储库的名称和 URL</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>删除远程存储库</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote repo name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>更改 git repo 的 URL</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote set-url origin <span class="token punctuation">[</span>git_url<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="跟踪路径更改"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#跟踪路径更改"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>跟踪路径更改</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>从项目中删除文件并暂存删除以进行提交</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>更改现有文件路径并暂存移动</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">mv</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>existing-path<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>new-path<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示所有提交日志，并指示任何移动的路径</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--stat</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-M</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="gitattributes"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#gitattributes"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>.gitattributes</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-ini"><code class="language-ini code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置默认行为，以防人们没有设置 core.autocrlf</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key attr-name">* text</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">auto</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 明确声明您希望始终规范化并在结帐时</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 转换为本机行结尾的文本文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">*.c text
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">*.h text
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 声明在结帐时始终以 CRLF 行结尾的文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key attr-name">*.sln text eol</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">crlf</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 表示所有真正二进制且不应修改的文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">*.png binary
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">*.jpg binary
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/docs/overrides.md#using-gitattributes">计入存储库语言</a></p>
|
||
<pre class="language-ini"><code class="language-ini code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 标记或取消标记要根据存储库的语言统计数据而</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 忽略或默认隐藏差异的路径</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key attr-name">search/index.json linguist-generated</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">true</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 以下属性统计 SQL 文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key attr-name">*.sql linguist-detectable</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">true</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从统计信息中排除</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key attr-name">docs/formatter.rb linguist-documentation</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">false</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将它们从统计信息中排除</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">special-vendored-path/* linguist-vendored
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将所有 .rb 文件检测为 Java 文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token key attr-name">*.rb linguist-language</span><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token value attr-value">Java</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="git-配置-ssh-代理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-配置-ssh-代理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>git 配置 ssh 代理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">cat</span> ~/.ssh/config
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Host gitlab.com
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 直接使用 sh**socks 提供的 socks5 代理端口</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">ProxyCommand <span class="token function">nc</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-X</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1:1080 %h %p
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Host github.com
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">ProxyCommand <span class="token function">nc</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-X</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1:1080 %h %p
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="commit"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#commit"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Commit</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="改写历史"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#改写历史"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>改写历史</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>重写最后的提交消息</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token string">"new message"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>修改最新的提交而不更改提交消息</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span> --no-edit
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="在-commit-log-中显示-gpg-签名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#在-commit-log-中显示-gpg-签名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>在 commit log 中显示 GPG 签名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log --show-signature
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-5"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="修改远程-commit-记录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#修改远程-commit-记录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>修改远程 Commit 记录</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-5-->
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rebase <span class="token parameter variable">-i</span> HEAD~3
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 表示要修改当前版本的倒数第三次状态</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将要更改的记录行首单词 pick 改为 edit</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">pick 96dc3f9 提交 commit 描述内容 <span class="token number">1</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">pick f1cce8a 提交 commit 描述内容 <span class="token number">2</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">pick <span class="token number">6293516</span> 提交 commit 描述内容 <span class="token number">3</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># Rebase eeb03a4..6293516 onto eeb03a4</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># (3 commands)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># Commands:</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># p, pick = 使用提交</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># r, reword = 使用提交，但编辑提交消息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># e, edit = 使用提交，但停止修改</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># s, squash = 使用提交，但融合到先前的提交中</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># f, fixup = 像 squash，但丢弃此提交的日志消息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># x, exec = 使用 shell 运行命令(该行的其余部分)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># d, drop = 删除提交</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>保存并退出，会弹出下面提示</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 您现在可以修改提交，使用</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># git commit --amend</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 对更改感到满意后，运行</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># git rebase --continue</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">#</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 1. 通过这条命令进入编辑更改 commit，保存退出</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 2. 保存退出确认修改，继续执行下面命令,</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rebase <span class="token parameter variable">--continue</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 如果修改多条记录反复执行上面两条命令直到完成所有修改</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 最后，确保没有人提交进行推送，最好不要加 -f 强制推送</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> origin master
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="commit-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#commit-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Commit</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>重写最后的提交信息</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="撤销远程记录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#撤销远程记录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>撤销远程记录</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 撤销一条记录</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span> HEAD~1
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 强制同步到远程仓库</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> origin HEAD:master
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="放弃本地修改内容"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#放弃本地修改内容"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>放弃本地修改内容</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 如果有的修改以及加入暂存区的话</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 还原所有修改，不会删除新增的文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 下面命令会删除新增的文件</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clean <span class="token parameter variable">-xdf</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="把-a-分支的某一个-commit放到-b-分支上"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#把-a-分支的某一个-commit放到-b-分支上"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>把 A 分支的某一个 commit，放到 B 分支上</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 切换到 B 分支</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>B<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将 A 分支 <hash-id> 的内容 pick 到 B 分支</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> cherry-pick <span class="token operator"><</span>hash-id<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="重设第一个-commit"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重设第一个-commit"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重设第一个 commit</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> update-ref <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> HEAD
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>把所有的改动都重新放回工作区，并<strong>清空所有的 commit</strong>，这样就可以重新提交第一个 <code>commit</code> 了</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="回到远程仓库的状态"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#回到远程仓库的状态"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>回到远程仓库的状态</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> fetch <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span> origin/master
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>抛弃本地所有的修改，回到远程仓库的状态</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="commit-历史中显示-branch1-有的但是-branch2-没有-commit"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#commit-历史中显示-branch1-有的但是-branch2-没有-commit"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>commit 历史中显示 Branch1 有的但是 Branch2 没有 commit</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log Branch1 ^Branch2
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="git-迁移"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-迁移"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>git 迁移</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>从原地址克隆一份裸版本库</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token parameter variable">--bare</span> https://github.com/username/project.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>然后新建一个地址，比如一下</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ https://gitee.com/username/newproject.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>进入project.git这个全裸版本库，以镜像推送的方式上传代码到newproject上。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ cd project.git
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ git push --mirror https://gitee.com/username/newproject.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>使用新地址，直接 Clone 到本地就可以了。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ git clone https://gitee.com/username/newproject.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="git-submodule-子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-submodule-子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Git Submodule 子模块</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="添加子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#添加子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>添加子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>仓库地址<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>子模块路径<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="克隆包含子模块的仓库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#克隆包含子模块的仓库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>克隆包含子模块的仓库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token operator"><</span>repository_url<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更新子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更新子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更新子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule update <span class="token parameter variable">--remote</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="切换到子模块的特定提交"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#切换到子模块的特定提交"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>切换到子模块的特定提交</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>commit_hash<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看当前仓库中的子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看当前仓库中的子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看当前仓库中的子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule status
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="初始化子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#初始化子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>初始化子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule init
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="切换到父仓库的特定提交并更新子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#切换到父仓库的特定提交并更新子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>切换到父仓库的特定提交，并更新子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>commit_hash<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule update <span class="token parameter variable">--remote</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取并切换子模块的最新标签"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取并切换子模块的最新标签"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取并切换子模块的最新标签</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> fetch <span class="token parameter variable">--tags</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span><span class="token function">git</span> describe <span class="token parameter variable">--tags</span> <span class="token punctuation">$(</span>git rev-list <span class="token parameter variable">--tags</span> --max-count<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="子模块递归"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#子模块递归"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>子模块递归</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-3-->
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 添加所有已存在的子模块</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> submodule <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>repository_url<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 更新所有子模块到最新提交</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> pull origin master
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 检出特定的子模块路径</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>branch_name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取仓库中的所有子模块变化</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> fetch
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取并合并子模块的远程分支</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> pull origin <span class="token operator"><</span>branch_name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将子模块还原到父仓库中的初始提交</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取子模块的更新并忽略本地修改</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> fetch <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule foreach <span class="token parameter variable">--recursive</span> <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span> origin/master
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取子模块的最新提交"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取子模块的最新提交"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取子模块的最新提交</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> pull
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule deinit <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="切换子模块的分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#切换子模块的分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>切换子模块的分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>branch_name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="初始化并更新所有子模块"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#初始化并更新所有子模块"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>初始化并更新所有子模块</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule init
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> submodule update
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="切换子模块的特定标签"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#切换子模块的特定标签"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>切换子模块的特定标签</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>path_to_submodule<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout tags/<span class="token operator"><</span>tag_name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="config-设置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#config-设置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Config 设置</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看配置的信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看配置的信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看配置的信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">help</span> config
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>获取帮助信息，查看修改个人信息的参数</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="忽略文件的权限变化"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#忽略文件的权限变化"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>忽略文件的权限变化</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> config core.fileMode <span class="token boolean">false</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>不再将文件的权限变化视作改动</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置自动换行"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置自动换行"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置自动换行</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> core.autocrlf input
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>自动转换坑太大，提交到git是自动将换行符转换为 <code>lf</code></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取帮助信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取帮助信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取帮助信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--list</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="中文乱码的解决方案"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#中文乱码的解决方案"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>中文乱码的解决方案</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> core.quotepath <span class="token boolean">false</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除全局设置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除全局设置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除全局设置</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>entry-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置-http-和-socks-代理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置-http-和-socks-代理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置 http 和 socks 代理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查看代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> http.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> https.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> socks.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 适用于 privoxy 将 socks 协议转为 http 协议的 http 端口</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> https.proxy http://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> socks.proxy <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1:1080
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 取消代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> http.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> https.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> socks.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 只对 github.com 设置代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> http.https://github.com.proxy socks5://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> https.https://github.com.proxy socks5://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 取消 github.com 代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> http.https://github.com.proxy
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--unset</span> https.https://github.com.proxy
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="git-别名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-别名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Git 别名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> alias.co checkout
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> alias.br branch
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> alias.ci commit
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--global</span> alias.st status
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>配置好后，再输入 <code>git</code> 命令的时候就不用再输入一大段了，例如我们要查看状态，只需：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> st
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>也可以看看：<a href="https://gist.github.com/johnpolacek/69604a1f6861129ef088">更多别名</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="设置大小写敏感"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#设置大小写敏感"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>设置大小写敏感</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查看git 的设置</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--get</span> core.ignorecase
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 设置大小写敏感</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> config core.ignorecase <span class="token boolean">false</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 远程有俩相同目录，通过这种方式清除掉，然后提交记录</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--cached</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>目录/文件<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="git-技巧"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-技巧"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Git 技巧</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="重命名分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重命名分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重命名分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul class="style-timeline">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>重命名</strong>为<code>new</code></p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>new<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>old<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>new<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token comment">#重命名分支</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>推送</strong>并重置</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push origin <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>new<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>删除</strong>远程分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push origin <span class="token parameter variable">--delete</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>old<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token comment">#方法1</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push origin :oldBranchName <span class="token comment">#方法2</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=style-timeline-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="log"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#log"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Log</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>按内容搜索更改</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log -S<span class="token string">'<a term in the source>'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示特定文件随时间的变化</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>file_name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>打印出很酷的日志可视化</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--pretty</span><span class="token operator">=</span>oneline <span class="token parameter variable">--graph</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--decorate</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>列出所有分支及其上游</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-vv</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>快速切换到上一个分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout -
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>只获取所有远程分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>从另一个分支签出单个文件</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>branch<span class="token operator">></span> -- <span class="token operator"><</span>file<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>删除本地存在远程不存在的分支</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote prune origin
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取最近一次提交的-hash"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取最近一次提交的-hash"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取最近一次提交的 Hash</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rev-parse HEAD <span class="token comment"># e10721cb8859b2c</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取短 hash</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rev-parse <span class="token parameter variable">--short</span> HEAD <span class="token comment"># e10721c</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除已经合并到-master-的分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除已经合并到-master-的分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除已经合并到 master 的分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">--merged</span> master <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token string">'^\*\| master'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">xargs</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看冲突文件列表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看冲突文件列表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看冲突文件列表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> --name-only --diff-filter<span class="token operator">=</span>U
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示工作区的冲突文件列表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示工作区的冲突文件列表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示工作区的冲突文件列表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>输出工作区和暂存区的 different (不同)。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>还可以展示本地仓库中任意两个 commit 之间的文件变动：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>commit-id<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>commit-id<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示暂存区和最近版本的不同"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示暂存区和最近版本的不同"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示暂存区和最近版本的不同</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--cached</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示暂存区工作区和最近版本的不同"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示暂存区工作区和最近版本的不同"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示暂存区、工作区和最近版本的不同</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> HEAD
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>输出工作区、暂存区 和本地最近的版本(commit)的different(不同)。</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除已经合并到-master-的分支-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除已经合并到-master-的分支-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除已经合并到 master 的分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">--merged</span> master <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">grep</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token string">'^\*\| master'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">xargs</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="关联远程分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#关联远程分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>关联远程分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> origin/mybranch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>或者在 <code>push</code> 时加上 <code>-u</code> 参数</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> push origin/mybranch <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>关联之后，<code>git branch -vv</code> 就可以展示关联的远程分支名了, 同时推送到远程仓库直接：<code>git push</code>，不需要指定远程仓库</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看远程分支和本地分支的对应关系"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看远程分支和本地分支的对应关系"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看远程分支和本地分支的对应关系</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote show origin
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示当前分支的最近的-tag"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示当前分支的最近的-tag"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示当前分支的最近的 tag</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> describe <span class="token parameter variable">--tags</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--abbrev</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="修改作者名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#修改作者名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>修改作者名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--author</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'Author Name <email@address.com>'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="增加远程仓库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#增加远程仓库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>增加远程仓库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token function">add</span> origin <span class="token operator"><</span>remote-url<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="列出所有远程仓库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#列出所有远程仓库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>列出所有远程仓库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="从-stash-中拿出某个文件的修改"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#从-stash-中拿出某个文件的修改"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>从 stash 中拿出某个文件的修改</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token operator"><</span>stash@<span class="token punctuation">{</span>n<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">></span> -- <span class="token operator"><</span>file-path<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示所有-tracked-的文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示所有-tracked-的文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示所有 tracked 的文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> ls-files <span class="token parameter variable">-t</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示所有-untracked-的文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示所有-untracked-的文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示所有 untracked 的文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> ls-files <span class="token parameter variable">--others</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示所有忽略的文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示所有忽略的文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示所有忽略的文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> ls-files <span class="token parameter variable">--others</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-i</span> --exclude-standard
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="把某一个分支导出成一个文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#把某一个分支导出成一个文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>把某一个分支导出成一个文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> bundle create <span class="token operator"><</span>file<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="从包中导入分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#从包中导入分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>从包中导入分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone repo.bundle <span class="token operator"><</span>repo-dir<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>新建一个分支，分支内容就是上面 <code>git bundle create</code> 命令导出的内容</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="执行-rebase-之前自动-stash"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#执行-rebase-之前自动-stash"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>执行 rebase 之前自动 stash</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rebase <span class="token parameter variable">--autostash</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="从远程仓库根据-id拉下某一状态到本地分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#从远程仓库根据-id拉下某一状态到本地分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>从远程仓库根据 ID，拉下某一状态，到本地分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> fetch origin pull/<span class="token operator"><</span>id<span class="token operator">></span>/head:<span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="详细展示一行中的修改"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#详细展示一行中的修改"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>详细展示一行中的修改</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> --word-diff
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="清除-gitignore-文件中记录的文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#清除-gitignore-文件中记录的文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>清除 gitignore 文件中记录的文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clean <span class="token parameter variable">-X</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示忽略的文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示忽略的文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示忽略的文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> status <span class="token parameter variable">--ignored</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="新建并切换到新分支上同时这个分支没有任何-commit"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#新建并切换到新分支上同时这个分支没有任何-commit"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>新建并切换到新分支上，同时这个分支没有任何 commit</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token parameter variable">--orphan</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>相当于保存修改，但是重写 commit 历史</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="展示任意分支某一文件的内容"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#展示任意分支某一文件的内容"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>展示任意分支某一文件的内容</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> show <span class="token operator"><</span>branch-name<span class="token operator">></span>:<span class="token operator"><</span>file-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="clone-最新一次提交"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#clone-最新一次提交"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>clone 最新一次提交</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token parameter variable">--depth</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span> https://github.com/user/repo.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>只会 <code>clone</code> 最近一次提交，将减少 <code>clone</code> 时间</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="忽略某个文件的改动"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#忽略某个文件的改动"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>忽略某个文件的改动</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<p>关闭 track 指定文件的改动，也就是 Git 将不会在记录这个文件的改动</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> update-index --assume-unchanged path/to/file
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>恢复 track 指定文件的改动</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> update-index --no-assume-unchanged path/to/file
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="以最后提交的顺序列出所有-git-分支"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#以最后提交的顺序列出所有-git-分支"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>以最后提交的顺序列出所有 Git 分支</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> for-each-ref <span class="token parameter variable">--sort</span><span class="token operator">=</span>-committerdate <span class="token parameter variable">--format</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'%(refname:short)'</span> refs/heads
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>最新的放在最上面</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="把暂存区的指定-file-放到工作区中"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#把暂存区的指定-file-放到工作区中"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>把暂存区的指定 file 放到工作区中</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token operator"><</span>file-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>不添加参数，默认是 <code>-mixed</code></p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置-ssh-协议代理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置-ssh-协议代理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置 SSH 协议代理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 对于使用 git@ 协议的，可以配置 socks5 代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># macOS 系统编辑 ~/.ssh/config 文件，添加这几行，设置 github 代理</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">Host github.com
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> ProxyCommand <span class="token function">nc</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-X</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1:1080 %h %p
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="fork仓库同步上游仓库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#fork仓库同步上游仓库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Fork仓库同步上游仓库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
<ul class="style-timeline">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>设置上游仓库</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token function">add</span> upstream https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference.git
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>本地项目操作</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> fetch upstream <span class="token comment"># 获取上游仓库更新</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stach <span class="token comment"># 暂存本地修改(如果有)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-a</span> <span class="token comment"># 列出所有远程仓库地址(非必须)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rebase remotes/upstream/main <span class="token comment"># 使用远程仓库的提交记录来重写本地提交记录</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> <span class="token comment"># 强制推送到远程(github)仓库</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> stach pop <span class="token comment"># 恢复暂存的本地修改(如果有)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=style-timeline-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="统计查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#统计查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>统计查询</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看-git-上的个人代码量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看-git-上的个人代码量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看 git 上的个人代码量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>username</code> 需要改成自己的</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--author</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"username"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--pretty</span><span class="token operator">=</span>tformat: <span class="token parameter variable">--numstat</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token string">'{ add += $1; subs += $2; loc += $1 - $2 } END { printf "added lines: %s, removed lines: %s, total lines: %s\n", add, subs, loc }'</span> -
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="统计每个人增删行数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#统计每个人增删行数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>统计每个人增删行数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--format</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'%aN'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sort</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">read</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">do</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-en</span> <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$name</span><span class="token entity" title="\t">\t</span>"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--author</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$name</span>"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--pretty</span><span class="token operator">=</span>tformat: <span class="token parameter variable">--numstat</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string">'{ add += $1; subs += $2; loc += $1 - $2 } END { printf "added lines: %s, removed lines: %s, total lines: %s\n", add, subs, loc }'</span> -<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">done</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看仓库提交者排名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看仓库提交者排名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看仓库提交者排名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<p>这里是排名前十，也可以更改排名</p>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--pretty</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'%aN'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sort</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">uniq</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sort</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-k1</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">head</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="提交数统计"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#提交数统计"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>提交数统计</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--oneline</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">wc</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看某段代码是谁写的"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看某段代码是谁写的"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看某段代码是谁写的</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> blame <span class="token operator"><</span>file-name<span class="token operator">></span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><code>blame</code> 的意思为<code>责怪</code>，你懂的。</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看两个星期内的改动"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看两个星期内的改动"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看两个星期内的改动</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> whatchanged <span class="token parameter variable">--since</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'2 weeks ago'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="在-commit-log-中查找相关内容"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#在-commit-log-中查找相关内容"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>在 commit log 中查找相关内容</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--grep</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'<given-text>'</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>通过 grep 查找，given-text: 所需要查找的字段</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="git-仓库的大小"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-仓库的大小"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Git 仓库的大小</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> ls-files <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">xargs</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> <span class="token function">du</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-hs</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="git-仓库的总大小"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#git-仓库的总大小"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Git 仓库的总大小</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> count-objects <span class="token parameter variable">-vH</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查询历史体积大的-10-个文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查询历史体积大的-10-个文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查询历史体积大的 10 个文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> rev-list <span class="token parameter variable">--objects</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">git</span> cat-file --batch-check<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'%(objecttype) %(objectname) %(objectsize) %(rest)'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">awk</span> <span class="token string">'/^blob/ {print substr($0,6)}'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sort</span> --numeric-sort <span class="token parameter variable">--key</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--reverse</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">head</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">cut</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> <span class="token number">13</span>-
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="conventional-commmits"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#conventional-commmits"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Conventional Commmits</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="格式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#格式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>格式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||
<pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><type>(<scope>): <short summary>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ │ │
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ │ └─⫸ 紧凑简短的描述，无需大写，也不需要用句号结尾
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ │
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ └─⫸ Commit 范围: animations|bazel|benchpress|common|compiler|compiler-cli|core|
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ elements|forms|http|language-service|localize|platform-browser|
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ platform-browser-dynamic|platform-server|router|service-worker|
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ upgrade|zone.js|packaging|changelog|docs-infra|migrations|ngcc|ve|
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │ devtools....
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> │
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> └─⫸ Commit 类型: build|ci|doc|docs|feat|fix|perf|refactor|test
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> website|chore|style|type|revert
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-1"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="常用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常用</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-1-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="left-align"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>feat:</code></td><td>新特性</td></tr><tr><td><code>fix(scope):</code></td><td>修复 scope 中的 Bug</td></tr><tr><td><code>feat!:</code> / <code>feat(scope)!:</code></td><td>breaking change / 重构 API</td></tr><tr><td><code>chore(deps):</code></td><td>更新依赖</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=left-align-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="commit-类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#commit-类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Commit 类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="left-align"><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>build:</code></td><td>变更影响的是<strong>构建系统</strong>或者<strong>外部依赖</strong> (如: gulp, npm)</td></tr><tr><td><code>ci:</code></td><td>修改了 CI 配置文件或脚本 (如: Github Action, Travis)</td></tr><tr><td><code>chore:</code></td><td><strong>【重要】</strong> 变更不影响源代码或测试（如更新了辅助工具、库等)</td></tr><tr><td><code>docs:</code></td><td>只修改了文档</td></tr><tr><td><code>feat:</code></td><td><strong>【重要】</strong> 一个新特性</td></tr><tr><td><code>fix:</code></td><td><strong>【重要】</strong> 修复了一个 Bug</td></tr><tr><td><code>perf:</code></td><td>增强性能的代码变更</td></tr><tr><td><code>refactor:</code></td><td>并非修复 Bug 或添加新特性的代码变更</td></tr><tr><td><code>revert:</code></td><td>回退代码</td></tr><tr><td><code>style:</code></td><td>变更不影响一些有意义的代码 (如: 删除空格、格式化代码、添加分号等)</td></tr><tr><td><code>test:</code></td><td>添加测试代码或修正已有的测试</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=left-align-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="patch-补丁的使用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#patch-补丁的使用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>patch 补丁的使用</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="简单创建"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#简单创建"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>简单创建</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> commit_id <span class="token operator">></span> my.patch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="简单应用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#简单应用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>简单应用</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul class="style-timeline">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>检查</strong>补丁</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 检查下这个补丁能否被正常应用</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> apply <span class="token parameter variable">--check</span> path/to/my.patch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>使用</strong>补丁</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line"># 检查通过使用该补丁
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ git apply < path/to/my.patch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>若有冲突则<strong>解决</strong></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line"># 检查不通过可以自动合入patch不冲突的代码，同时保留冲突部分
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ git apply --reject path/to/my.patch
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=style-timeline-->
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="email-patch-方式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#email-patch-方式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Email patch 方式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建指定 commit sha1 id 之前的 n 次提交补丁</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> format-patch commit_id <span class="token parameter variable">-n</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建 300f59991f22826c8478f0c019387c4ca815b085 这个提交的patch</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> format-patch commit_id <span class="token parameter variable">-1</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 提取当前分支最上面的3次提交，生成补丁</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> format-patch <span class="token parameter variable">-3</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 发送者可使用 git-send-email 发送 git format-patch 的结果给接收者</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 接收者保存邮件到文件 email.txt，然后应用补丁创建一个提交，会自动包含作者的信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> am <span class="token operator"><</span> email.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/git-tips/tips">最常用的 git 提示和技巧</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.conventionalcommits.org/zh-hans/v1.0.0/">Conventional Commits 官方网站</a> <em>(conventionalcommits.org)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://gist.github.com/Zekfad/f51cb06ac76e2457f11c80ed705c95a3">Conventional Commits Cheatsheet</a> <em>(gist.github.com)</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
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</svg><input id="mysearch-input" type="search" placeholder="搜索" autocomplete="off"><div class="mysearch-clear"></div></div><button id="mysearch-close" type="button">搜索</button></div><div class="mysearch-result"><div id="mysearch-menu"></div><div id="mysearch-content"></div></div></div></div></body>
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