Files
reference/docs/chmod.html
2025-05-11 17:34:02 +00:00

644 lines
40 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="dark">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Chmod 备忘清单
&#x26; chmod cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport">
<meta description="这份快速参考备忘单提供了文件权限的简要概述,以及 chmod 命令的操作
入门,为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
<meta keywords="chmod,reference,Quick,Reference,cheatsheet,cheat,sheet">
<meta name="author" content="jaywcjlove">
<meta name="license" content="MIT">
<meta name="funding" content="https://jaywcjlove.github.io/#/sponsor">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../icons/touch-icon-iphone.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="../icons/touch-icon-ipad.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="../icons/touch-icon-iphone.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="../icons/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="../icons/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png">
<link rel="icon" href="../icons/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
<link href="../style/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../style/katex.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body><nav class="header-nav"><div class="max-container"><a href="../index.html" class="logo"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em">
<path d="m21.66 10.44-.98 4.18c-.84 3.61-2.5 5.07-5.62 4.77-.5-.04-1.04-.13-1.62-.27l-1.68-.4c-4.17-.99-5.46-3.05-4.48-7.23l.98-4.19c.2-.85.44-1.59.74-2.2 1.17-2.42 3.16-3.07 6.5-2.28l1.67.39c4.19.98 5.47 3.05 4.49 7.23Z" fill="#c9d1d9"></path>
<path d="M15.06 19.39c-.62.42-1.4.77-2.35 1.08l-1.58.52c-3.97 1.28-6.06.21-7.35-3.76L2.5 13.28c-1.28-3.97-.22-6.07 3.75-7.35l1.58-.52c.41-.13.8-.24 1.17-.31-.3.61-.54 1.35-.74 2.2l-.98 4.19c-.98 4.18.31 6.24 4.48 7.23l1.68.4c.58.14 1.12.23 1.62.27Zm2.43-8.88c-.06 0-.12-.01-.19-.02l-4.85-1.23a.75.75 0 0 1 .37-1.45l4.85 1.23a.748.748 0 0 1-.18 1.47Z" fill="#228e6c"></path>
<path d="M14.56 13.89c-.06 0-.12-.01-.19-.02l-2.91-.74a.75.75 0 0 1 .37-1.45l2.91.74c.4.1.64.51.54.91-.08.34-.38.56-.72.56Z" fill="#228e6c"></path>
</svg>
<span class="title">Quick Reference</span></a><div class="menu"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="searchbtn" id="searchbtn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
<path fill="currentColor" d="M17.71,16.29 L14.31,12.9 C15.4069846,11.5024547 16.0022094,9.77665502 16,8 C16,3.581722 12.418278,0 8,0 C3.581722,0 0,3.581722 0,8 C0,12.418278 3.581722,16 8,16 C9.77665502,16.0022094 11.5024547,15.4069846 12.9,14.31 L16.29,17.71 C16.4777666,17.8993127 16.7333625,18.0057983 17,18.0057983 C17.2666375,18.0057983 17.5222334,17.8993127 17.71,17.71 C17.8993127,17.5222334 18.0057983,17.2666375 18.0057983,17 C18.0057983,16.7333625 17.8993127,16.4777666 17.71,16.29 Z M2,8 C2,4.6862915 4.6862915,2 8,2 C11.3137085,2 14,4.6862915 14,8 C14,11.3137085 11.3137085,14 8,14 C4.6862915,14 2,11.3137085 2,8 Z"></path>
</svg><span>搜索</span><span>⌘K</span></a><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/blob/main/docs/chmod.md" class="edit" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 36 36" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="m33 6.4-3.7-3.7a1.71 1.71 0 0 0-2.36 0L23.65 6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v22a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h22a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V11.76l3-3a1.67 1.67 0 0 0 0-2.36ZM18.83 20.13l-4.19.93 1-4.15 9.55-9.57 3.23 3.23ZM29.5 9.43 26.27 6.2l1.85-1.85 3.23 3.23Z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h36v36H0z"></path></svg><span>编辑</span></a><button id="darkMode" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" class="light" height="1em" width="1em">
<path d="M6.995 12c0 2.761 2.246 5.007 5.007 5.007s5.007-2.246 5.007-5.007-2.246-5.007-5.007-5.007S6.995 9.239 6.995 12zM11 19h2v3h-2zm0-17h2v3h-2zm-9 9h3v2H2zm17 0h3v2h-3zM5.637 19.778l-1.414-1.414 2.121-2.121 1.414 1.414zM16.242 6.344l2.122-2.122 1.414 1.414-2.122 2.122zM6.344 7.759 4.223 5.637l1.415-1.414 2.12 2.122zm13.434 10.605-1.414 1.414-2.122-2.122 1.414-1.414z"></path>
</svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="dark" height="1em" width="1em">
<path d="M12 11.807A9.002 9.002 0 0 1 10.049 2a9.942 9.942 0 0 0-5.12 2.735c-3.905 3.905-3.905 10.237 0 14.142 3.906 3.906 10.237 3.905 14.143 0a9.946 9.946 0 0 0 2.735-5.119A9.003 9.003 0 0 1 12 11.807z"></path>
</svg>
</button><script src="../js/dark.js?v=1.8.3"></script><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.012 8.012 0 0 0 16 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><div class="wrap h1body-exist max-container"><header class="wrap-header h1wrap"><h1 id="chmod-备忘清单"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M912.9 130.6c-26.1 4.5-52.8 6.9-80.2 6.9-115.4 0-221.1-41.9-302.6-111.2-10.6-9-26.2-9-36.8 0-81.5 69.4-187.2 111.2-302.6 111.2-27 0-53.5-2.3-79.2-6.7-17.2-2.9-32.9 10.4-33 27.9-0.2 109.1-0.4 238.1-0.4 242.5 0 471 394.5 592.7 431 603 1.8 0.5 3.6 0.5 5.4 0C550.9 994 943 873 945.5 405.7l0.4-247c0-17.6-15.8-31.1-33-28.1zM546 568.9v154.5c0 18.8-15.2 34-34 34s-34-15.2-34-34V568.9c-68.2-15.5-119.1-76.4-119.1-149.3 0-84.5 68.5-153.1 153.1-153.1S665.1 335 665.1 419.6c0 72.9-50.9 133.9-119.1 149.3z"></path></svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p>这份快速参考备忘单提供了文件权限的简要概述,以及 chmod 命令的操作</p>
</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 4a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2zm3.75-1.5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zM3 8a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1 6a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2z"></path>
</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#语法">语法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#递归更改文件和目录">递归更改文件和目录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-生成器">Chmod 生成器</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#通用权限">通用权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#解释">解释</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#dir-的权限分析">dir 的权限分析</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#权限模式">权限模式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#objects">Objects</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#权限">权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#文件类型">文件类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#chmod-示例">Chmod 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#操作符">操作符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-600">chmod 600</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-664">chmod 664</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-777">chmod 777</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#符号模式">符号模式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除权限">删除权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#可执行文件">可执行文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-754">chmod 754</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#chmod-实践">Chmod 实践</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ssh-权限">SSH 权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#网络权限">网络权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#批量更改">批量更改</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="语法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>语法</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>options<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>permissions<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>file<span class="token operator">></span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> foo.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> +x quickref.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u-x quickref.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rx,o<span class="token operator">=</span> quickref.sh
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="递归更改文件和目录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改文件和目录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改文件和目录</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">755</span> my_directory
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>chmod</code> 命令代表“更改模式”</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-生成器"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-生成器"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 生成器</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre><div>
权限:<input type="text" id="num" placeholder="777" maxlength="3" style="padding: 0.3rem 0.3rem;"> <input type="text" id="let" placeholder="rwxrwxrwx" maxlength="9" style="padding: 0.3rem 0.3rem;">
</div>
</pre>
<hr>
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="left"> </th><th align="left">User</th><th align="left">Group</th><th align="left">Other</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><em>(Read)</em></td><td align="left"><input checked id="1" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="4" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="7" type="checkbox"></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><em>(Write)</em></td><td align="left"><input checked id="2" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="5" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="8" type="checkbox"></td></tr><tr><td align="left">执行 <em>(Execute)</em></td><td align="left"><input checked id="3" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="6" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="9" type="checkbox"></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
<p>Chmod 生成器允许您以数字和符号的形式快速、直观地生成权限。</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="通用权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#通用权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>通用权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">命令</th><th align="left">s</th><th align="left">含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>400</code></td><td align="left">r--------</td><td align="left">仅所有者可读</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>500</code></td><td align="left">r-x------</td><td align="left">避免改变</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>600</code></td><td align="left">rw-------</td><td align="left">可由用户更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>644</code></td><td align="left">rw-r--r--</td><td align="left">由用户读取和更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>660</code></td><td align="left">rw-rw----</td><td align="left">可由用户和组更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>700</code></td><td align="left">rwx------</td><td align="left">只有用户具有完全访问权限</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>755</code></td><td align="left">rwxr-xr-x</td><td align="left">只能由用户更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>775</code></td><td align="left">rwxrwxr-x</td><td align="left">群组共享模式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>777</code></td><td align="left">rwxrwxrwx</td><td align="left">每个人都可以做任何事</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="解释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#解释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>解释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ls</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
</span><span class="code-line">-rw-r--r-- <span class="token number">1</span> root root <span class="token number">3</span> Jun <span class="token number">29</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:35 a.log
</span><span class="code-line">drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">2</span> Jun <span class="token number">30</span> <span class="token number">18</span>:06 <span class="token function">dir</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="dir-的权限分析"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dir-的权限分析"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a><code>dir</code> 的权限分析</h4>
<pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text code-highlight"><span class="code-line">d rwx r-x r-x
</span><span class="code-line">┬ ─┬─ ─┬─ ─┬─
</span><span class="code-line">┆ ┆ ┆ ┆
</span><span class="code-line">┆ ┆ ┆ ╰─ 4. Other5 (4+0+1)
</span><span class="code-line">┆ ┆ ╰────── 3. Group5 (4+0+1)
</span><span class="code-line">┆ ╰─────────── 2. User 7 (4+2+1)
</span><span class="code-line">╰─────────────── 1. File Type | directory
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="权限模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#权限模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>权限模式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>权限</th><th>描述</th><th>八进制</th><th>十进制</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>---</code></td><td>没有权限</td><td>000</td><td>0 (0+0+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>--x</code></td><td>执行</td><td>001</td><td>1 (0+0+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>-w-</code></td><td></td><td>010</td><td>2 (0+2+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>-wx</code></td><td>执行和写入</td><td>011</td><td>3 (0+2+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>r--</code></td><td></td><td>100</td><td>4 (4+0+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>r-x</code></td><td>读取和执行</td><td>101</td><td>5 (4+0+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>rw-</code></td><td>读和写</td><td>110</td><td>6 (4+2+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>rwx</code></td><td>读取、写入和执行</td><td>111</td><td>7 (4+2+1)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="objects"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#objects"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Objects</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>谁(缩写)</th><th>含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>u</code></td><td>用户</td></tr><tr><td><code>g</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>o</code></td><td>其它</td></tr><tr><td><code>a</code></td><td>全部,和 ugo 一样</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>缩写</th><th>权限</th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>r</code></td><td></td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>w</code></td><td></td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>x</code></td><td>执行</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>没有权限</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="文件类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>缩写</th><th>文件类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>d</code></td><td>目录</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>常规文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>l</code></td><td>符号链接</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="chmod-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 示例</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="操作符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#操作符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>操作符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th>Symbol</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>添加</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>删除</td></tr><tr><td><code>=</code></td><td>设置</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-600"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-600"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 600</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rw,g<span class="token operator">=</span>,o<span class="token operator">=</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+rwx,u-x,g-rwx,o-rwx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-664"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-664"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 664</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">664</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rw,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rw,o<span class="token operator">=</span>r example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+rwx,u-x,g-x,o-wx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-777"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-777"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 777</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">777</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,o<span class="token operator">=</span>rwx example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">a</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="符号模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#符号模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>符号模式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<p>拒绝所有人的执行权限。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a-x chmodExampleFile.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>向所有人授予读取权限。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+r chmodExampleFile.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>使文件可由组和其他人读写。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> go+rw chmodExampleFile.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用户/所有者可执行 shell。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u+x chmodExampleScript.sh
</span></code></pre>
<p>允许每个人读取、写入和执行文件并打开设置的 group-ID。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g+s chmodExampleScript.sh
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<p>要删除赋予文件的读写权限,请使用以下语法:</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> o-rw example.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>对于我们的文件 example.txt我们可以通过运行以下命令使用 chmod for group 删除读写权限:</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> g-rx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>要从组中删除 chmod 读写权限,同时向 public/others 添加读写权限,我们可以使用以下命令:</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> g-rx, o+rx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>但是,如果你想删除组和其他人的所有权限,你可以使用 go= 来代替:</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">go</span><span class="token operator">=</span> example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="可执行文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#可执行文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>可执行文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> +x ~/example.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u+x ~/example.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+x ~/example.py
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-754"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-754"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 754</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">754</span> foo.sh
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rx,o<span class="token operator">=</span>r foo.sh
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="chmod-实践"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-实践"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 实践</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ssh-权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SSH 权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">700</span> ~/.ssh
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">400</span> /path/to/access_key.pem
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="网络权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#网络权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>网络权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">644</span> /var/www/html/
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> .htaccess
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> robots.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /var/www/uploads/
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /var/www/html <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> d <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="批量更改"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#批量更改"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>批量更改</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">644</span> /your_path
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /path <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> d <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /path <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> f <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>请参阅:<a href="https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/commandsub.html">命令替换</a></p>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/modify-file-permissions-with-chmod/">使用 chmod 修改文件权限</a> <em>(linode.com)</em></li>
</ul>
<pre><!-- Chmod 生成器 JS 代码 -->
<script type="text/javascript">
const reg_num = /^[0-7]{3}$/; // 一些正则表达式来检查 num 输入
const reg_let = /^([r\-]{1}[w\-]{1}[x\-]{1}){3}$/; // 一些正则表达式来检查文本输入
function checkBoxHandle() {
change_occured(true, false, false);
// get rid of bad input classes
document.getElementById('num').classList.remove('bad-input');
document.getElementById('let').classList.remove('bad-input');
}
window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
// loop over all the check boxes
for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
let checkBox = document.getElementById(`${i}`);
checkBox.addEventListener('change', function () {
change_occured(true, false, false);
// get rid of bad input classes
document.getElementById('num').classList.remove('bad-input');
document.getElementById('let').classList.remove('bad-input');
});
}
// the octal input
let num_input = document.getElementById('num');
let num_fn = function () {
// check for bad input
if (!reg_num.test(this.value)) {
this.classList.add('bad-input');
} else {
this.classList.remove('bad-input');
change_occured(false, true, false);
}
};
num_input.addEventListener('change', num_fn);
num_input.addEventListener('keyup', num_fn);
// the let input
let let_input = document.getElementById('let');
let let_fn = function () {
// check for bad input
if (!reg_let.test(this.value)) {
this.classList.add('bad-input');
} else {
this.classList.remove('bad-input');
change_occured(false, false, true);
}
};
let_input.addEventListener('change',let_fn);
let_input.addEventListener('keyup',let_fn);
});
/* SETUP
r-4-1 r-4-4 r-4-7
w-2-2 w-2-5 w-2-8
x-1-3 x-1-6 x-1-9
*/
// define a function that runs when a change occures
function change_occured(caller_was_check, caller_was_num, caller_was_let) {
let num1 = 0, num2 = 0, num3 = 0; // these are the three numbers for the octal
let perm_string = ''; // holds the permision string ex. rw-x--r--
if (caller_was_check) {
// loop over all the check boxes and get the permisions
for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
let checkBox = document.getElementById(`${i}`);
if (checkBox.checked) { // if checked
let current_perm = check_to_octal_and_text(i);
perm_string += `${current_perm.perm_let}`;
if (i <= 3) {
num1 += current_perm.perm_num;
} else if (i <= 6) {
num2 += current_perm.perm_num;
} else {
num3 += current_perm.perm_num;
}
} else { // if not checked
perm_string += '-';
}
}
// set the permision input text
document.getElementById('let').value = perm_string;
document.getElementById('num').value = `${num1}${num2}${num3}`;
} else if (caller_was_num) {
// get the individual numbers
let num_input_val = document.getElementById('num').value;
num1 = num_input_val.substring(0, 1);
num2 = num_input_val.substring(1, 2);
num3 = num_input_val.substring(2, 3);
// set the checkboxes and get the perm string
perm_string += octal_to_check_and_txt(num1, 0); //Owner
perm_string += octal_to_check_and_txt(num2, 1); //Owner
perm_string += octal_to_check_and_txt(num3, 2); //Owner
// set the permision input text
document.getElementById('let').value = perm_string;
} else if (caller_was_let) {
// get the text input
let perm_text = document.getElementById('let').value;
num1 = text_to_check_and_octal(perm_text.substring(0, 3), 0)
num2 = text_to_check_and_octal(perm_text.substring(3, 6), 3)
num3 = text_to_check_and_octal(perm_text.substring(6, 9), 6)
// set the octal value
document.getElementById('num').value = `${num1}${num2}${num3}`;
}
}
// define a function to converts the checkbox # to the respective permissions
// returns perm_num, perm_let
function check_to_octal_and_text(check_num) {
let perm_num = 0;
let perm_let = '-';
switch (check_num) {
case 1:
case 4:
case 7:
perm_num = 4;
perm_let = 'r';
break;
case 2:
case 5:
case 8:
perm_num = 2;
perm_let = 'w';
break;
case 3:
case 6:
case 9:
perm_num = 1;
perm_let = 'x';
break;
default:
perm_num = 0;
perm_let = '-';
}
// return values
return {
perm_num,
perm_let
};
}
/**
Takes a number 1-7 and which class it is in:
0 = owner
1 = Group
2 = Public
Returns: perm text (ex. "rwx") and sets the appropriate checkboxes
*/
function octal_to_check_and_txt(octal_num, class_num) {
let perm_text = '';
let offset = class_num * 3;
switch (octal_num) {
case '1':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_text = '--x';
break;
case '2':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
perm_text = '-w-';
break;
case '3':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_text = '-wx';
break;
case '4':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
perm_text = 'r--';
break;
case '5':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_text = 'r-x';
break;
case '6':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
perm_text = 'rw-';
break;
case '7':
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_text = 'rwx';
break;
default:
document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
perm_text = '---';
}
return perm_text;
}
/**
Takes 3 letters (r, w, x, - ex. 'rw-') and an offset (0,3,6)
Returns the octal num and sets the appropriate checkboxes
*/
function text_to_check_and_octal(letters, offset) {
let perm_num = 0; // the octal number to return
// add up the oct num and set the check boxes
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
current_let = letters.substring(i, i + 1);
if (current_let == 'r') {
document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_num += 4;
} else if (current_let == 'w') {
document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_num += 2;
} else if (current_let == 'x') {
document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = true;
perm_num += 1;
} else {
document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = false;
}
}
return perm_num;
}
</script>
</pre>
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div></div><script src="https://giscus.app/client.js" data-repo="jaywcjlove/reference" data-repo-id="R_kgDOID2-Mw" data-category="Q&#x26;A" data-category-id="DIC_kwDOID2-M84CS5wo" data-mapping="pathname" data-strict="0" data-reactions-enabled="1" data-emit-metadata="0" data-input-position="bottom" data-theme="dark" data-lang="zh-CN" crossorigin="anonymous" async></script><div class="giscus"></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 <a href="https://wangchujiang.com/#/app" target="_blank">Kenny Wang</a>.</footer></footer><script src="../data.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><script src="../js/fuse.min.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><script src="../js/main.js?v=1.8.3" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
<path fill="currentColor" d="M17.71,16.29 L14.31,12.9 C15.4069846,11.5024547 16.0022094,9.77665502 16,8 C16,3.581722 12.418278,0 8,0 C3.581722,0 0,3.581722 0,8 C0,12.418278 3.581722,16 8,16 C9.77665502,16.0022094 11.5024547,15.4069846 12.9,14.31 L16.29,17.71 C16.4777666,17.8993127 16.7333625,18.0057983 17,18.0057983 C17.2666375,18.0057983 17.5222334,17.8993127 17.71,17.71 C17.8993127,17.5222334 18.0057983,17.2666375 18.0057983,17 C18.0057983,16.7333625 17.8993127,16.4777666 17.71,16.29 Z M2,8 C2,4.6862915 4.6862915,2 8,2 C11.3137085,2 14,4.6862915 14,8 C14,11.3137085 11.3137085,14 8,14 C4.6862915,14 2,11.3137085 2,8 Z"></path>
</svg><input id="mysearch-input" type="search" placeholder="搜索" autocomplete="off"><div class="mysearch-clear"></div></div><button id="mysearch-close" type="button">搜索</button></div><div class="mysearch-result"><div id="mysearch-menu"></div><div id="mysearch-content"></div></div></div></div></body>
</html>