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&#x26; koajs cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
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<p><a href="https://npmjs.org/package/koa"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/koa.svg?style=flat" alt="NPM version"></a>
<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/koa"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/koa.svg?style=flat" alt="Downloads"></a>
<a href="https://github.com/koajs/koa/network/dependents"><img src="https://badgen.net/github/dependents-repo/koajs/koa" alt="Repo Dependents"></a>
<a href="https://github.com/koajs/koa"><img src="https://badgen.net/badge/icon/Github?icon=github&#x26;label" alt="Github repo"></a></p>
<p style="padding-top: 12px;">基于 Node.js 平台的下一代 web 开发框架，包含 <a href="https://koajs.com/">Koa</a> 的 API 参考列表和一些示例</p>
<!--rehype:style=padding-top: 12px;-->
</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 4a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2zm3.75-1.5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zM3 8a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1 6a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2z"></path>
</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#hello-world">Hello World</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#级联">级联</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#配置">配置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#appcallback">app.callback()</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#错误处理">错误处理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#context-示例">Context 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#applisten">app.listen(...)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ctxthrow-示例">ctx.throw 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ctxassert-示例">ctx.assert 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#context上下文-api">Context(上下文) API</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ctxcookiesset-参数">ctx.cookies.set 参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#请求request">请求(Request)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#响应response">响应(Response)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#请求request别名">请求(Request)别名</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#响应response别名">响应(Response)别名</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#requestfresh-示例">request.fresh 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ctxis-示例">ctx.is 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ctxaccepts-示例">ctx.accepts 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#requestacceptscharsets-示例">request.acceptsCharsets 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#responseset-示例">response.set 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#responsetype-示例">response.type 示例</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="hello-world"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#hello-world"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Hello World</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<p><a href="https://koajs.com/">Koa</a> 需要 <a href="https://nodejs.org">node v7.6.0</a> 或更高版本来支持ES2015、异步方法，你可以安装自己支持的 <code>node</code> 版本</p>
<ul class="style-timeline">
<li>
<p>安装依赖</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">mkdir</span> myapp <span class="token comment"># 创建目录</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> myapp <span class="token comment"># 进入目录</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ nvm <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token number">7</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> init <span class="token parameter variable">-y</span> <span class="token comment"># 初始化一个配置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> koa <span class="token comment"># 安装依赖</span>
</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>入口文件 <code>index.js</code> 添加代码：</p>
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token maybe-class-name">Koa</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'koa'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Koa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token parameter">ctx</span> <span class="token arrow operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用以下命令运行应用程序</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">node</span> index.js
</span></code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<!--rehype:className=style-timeline-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="级联"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#级联"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>级联</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token maybe-class-name">Koa</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'koa'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Koa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// X-Response-Time x 响应时间</span>
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> next</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token arrow operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">const</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword control-flow">await</span> <span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">const</span> ms <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> start<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'X-Response-Time'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ms<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">ms</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 记录器 logger</span>
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">ctx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> next</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token arrow operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">const</span> start <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword control-flow">await</span> <span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">const</span> ms <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token known-class-name class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> start<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">method</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">url</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> - </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>ms<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 响应 response</span>
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token parameter">ctx</span> <span class="token arrow operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Hello World'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="配置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#配置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>配置</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="style-list style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>app.env</code></td><td align="left">默认为 <code>NODE_ENV</code> 或 <code>development</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.keys</code></td><td align="left">签名 <code>cookie</code> 密钥数组</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.proxy</code></td><td align="left">何时信任真正的代理头字段</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.subdomainOffset</code></td><td align="left">要忽略的 <code>.subdomains</code> 的偏移量，默认为 <code>2</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.proxyIpHeader</code></td><td align="left">代理 <code>ip</code> 头，默认为 <code>X-Forwarded-For</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.maxIpsCount</code></td><td align="left">从代理 <code>ip</code> 头读取的最大 <code>ips</code> 数，默认为 <code>0</code>（表示无穷大）</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list style-list-arrow-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="appcallback"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#appcallback"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>app.callback()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<table class="style-list style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>app.listen(...)</code> <a href="https://koajs.com/#app-listen-">#</a></td><td align="left">为一个绑定 <code>3000</code> 端口的简单 <code>Koa</code> 应用</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.callback()</code> <a href="https://koajs.com/#app-callback-">#</a></td><td align="left">返回一个适合 <code>http.createServer()</code> 方法的回调函数用来处理请求</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.use(function)</code> <a href="https://koajs.com/#app-use-function-">#</a></td><td align="left">添加指定的中间件，详情请看 <a href="https://github.com/koajs/koa/wiki#middleware">Middleware</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.keys</code> <a href="https://koajs.com/#app-keys-">#</a></td><td align="left">设置签名 <code>cookie</code> 密钥</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>app.context</code> <a href="https://koajs.com/#app-context">#</a></td><td align="left">从中创建 <code>ctx</code> 的原型</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list style-list-arrow-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="错误处理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#错误处理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>错误处理</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">on</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'error'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">err<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ctx</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token arrow operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> log<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'server error'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> err<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>默认情况下 <code>Koa</code> 会将所有错误信息输出到 <code>stderr</code>， 除非 <code>app.silent</code> 是 <code>true</code>。当 <code>err.status</code> 是 <code>404</code> 或者 <code>err.expose</code> 时，默认错误处理程序也不会输出错误</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="context-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#context-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Context 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token parameter">ctx</span> <span class="token arrow operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 这是上下文 Context</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">request</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 这是 koa Request</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 这是 koa Response</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="applisten"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#applisten"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>app.listen(...)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token maybe-class-name">Koa</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'koa'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Koa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>app.listen(...)</code> 实际上是以下代码的语法糖:</p>
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> http <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'http'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token maybe-class-name">Koa</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'koa'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Koa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">createServer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">callback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>这意味着您可以同时支持 <code>HTTPS</code> 和 <code>HTTPS</code>，或者在 <code>多个端口</code> 监听同一个应用</p>
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> http <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'http'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> https <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'https'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token maybe-class-name">Koa</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'koa'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Koa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">createServer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">callback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">https<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">createServer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">callback</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3001</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ctxthrow-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ctxthrow-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ctx.throw 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow">throw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow">throw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'name required'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword control-flow">throw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">400</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'name required'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">user</span><span class="token operator">:</span> user <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>this.throw('name required', 400)</code> 等价于</p>
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> err <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'name required'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">err<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">status</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">400</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">err<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">expose</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword control-flow">throw</span> err<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ctxassert-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ctxassert-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ctx.assert 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">state</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">user</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">401</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string">'User not found. Please login!'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="context上下文-api"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#context上下文-api"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Context(上下文) API</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table class="style-list style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.req</code></td><td align="left">Node 的 request 对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.res</code></td><td align="left">Node 的 response 对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.request</code></td><td align="left">Koa 的 Request 对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.response</code></td><td align="left">Koa 的 Response 对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.state</code></td><td align="left">推荐的命名空间，用于通过中间件传递信息到前端视图</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.app</code></td><td align="left">应用实例引用</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.app.emit</code></td><td align="left">发出由第一个参数定义的类型的事件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.cookies.get(name, [options])</code></td><td align="left">获得 <code>cookie</code> 中名为 <code>name</code> 的值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.cookies.set(name, value, [options])</code></td><td align="left">设置 <code>cookie</code> 中名为 <code>name</code> 的值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.throw([status], [msg], [properties])</code></td><td align="left">抛出包含 <code>.status</code> 属性的错误，默认为 <code>500</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.assert(value, [status], [msg], [properties])</code></td><td align="left">当 <code>!value</code> 时， <code>Helper</code> 方法抛出一个类似 <code>.throw()</code> 的错误</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ctx.respond</code></td><td align="left">避免使用 <code>Koa</code> 的内置响应处理功能，您可以直接赋值 <code>this.repond = false</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list style-list-arrow-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ctxcookiesset-参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ctxcookiesset-参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ctx.cookies.set 参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="style-list style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>maxAge</code></td><td align="left">表示从Date开始的毫秒数 <code>now()</code> 到期。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>expires</code></td><td align="left">一个 <code>Date</code> 对象，指示 <code>cookie</code> 的到期日期（默认情况下在会话结束时到期）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>path</code></td><td align="left">表示 <code>cookie</code> 路径的字符串（默认为<code>/</code>）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>domain</code></td><td align="left">表示 <code>cookie</code> 的域的字符串（无默认值）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>secure</code></td><td align="left">一个布尔值，指示 <code>cookie</code> 是否只通过HTTPS发送（HTTP默认为false，HTTPS默认为true）。阅读有关此选项的更多信息</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>httpOnly</code></td><td align="left">一个布尔值，指示cookie是否只通过HTTP（S）发送，而不可用于客户端 JavaScript（默认为true）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>sameSite</code></td><td align="left">一个布尔值或字符串，指示cookie是否为“同一站点”cookie（默认为false）。这可以设置为“strict”、“lax”、“none”或true（映射为“strect”）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>signed</code></td><td align="left">一个布尔值，指示是否对cookie进行签名（默认为false）。如果这是真的，还将发送另一个附加了.sig后缀的同名cookie，其中一个27字节的url安全base64 SHA1值表示cookie name=cookie值相对于第一个Keygrip键的哈希值。此签名密钥用于在下次收到cookie时检测篡改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>overwrite</code></td><td align="left">一个布尔值，指示是否覆盖以前设置的同名 <code>cookie</code>（默认为false）。如果为true，则在设置此Cookie时，将从set-Cookie标头中筛选出在同一请求期间设置的具有相同名称的所有Cookie（无论路径或域如何）</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list style-list-arrow-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-5"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="请求request"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#请求request"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>请求(Request)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-5-->
<table class="style-list style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>request.header</code></td><td align="left">请求头对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.header=</code></td><td align="left">设置请求头对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.headers</code></td><td align="left">请求头对象。等价于 request.header.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.headers=</code></td><td align="left">设置请求头对象。 等价于request.header=.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.method</code></td><td align="left">请求方法</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.method=</code></td><td align="left">设置请求方法, 在实现中间件时非常有用，比如 methodOverride()</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.length</code></td><td align="left">以数字的形式返回 request 的内容长度(Content-Length)，或者返回 undefined。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.url</code></td><td align="left">获得请求url地址.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.url=</code></td><td align="left">设置请求地址，用于重写url地址时</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.originalUrl</code></td><td align="left">获取请求原始地址</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.origin</code></td><td align="left">获取URL原始地址, 包含 protocol 和 host</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.href</code></td><td align="left">获取完整的请求URL, 包含 protocol, host 和 url</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.path</code></td><td align="left">获取请求路径名</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.path=</code></td><td align="left">设置请求路径名并保留当前查询字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.querystring</code></td><td align="left">获取查询参数字符串(url中?后面的部分)，不包含?</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.querystring=</code></td><td align="left">设置原始查询字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.search</code></td><td align="left">获取查询参数字符串，包含?</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.search=</code></td><td align="left">设置原始查询字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.host</code></td><td align="left">获取 host (hostname:port)。 当 app.proxy 设置为 true 时，支持 X-Forwarded-Host</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.hostname</code></td><td align="left">获取 hostname。当 app.proxy 设置为 true 时，支持 X-Forwarded-Host。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.URL</code></td><td align="left">获取 WHATWG 解析的对象.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.type</code></td><td align="left">获取请求 Content-Type，不包含像 "charset" 这样的参数。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.charset</code></td><td align="left">获取请求 charset，没有则返回 <code>undefined</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.query</code></td><td align="left">将查询参数字符串进行解析并以对象的形式返回，如果没有查询参数字字符串则返回一个空对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.query=</code></td><td align="left">根据给定的对象设置查询参数字符串</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.fresh</code></td><td align="left">检查请求缓存是否 "fresh"(内容没有发生变化)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.stale</code></td><td align="left">与 req.fresh 相反</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.protocol</code></td><td align="left">返回请求协议，"https" 或者 "http"</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.secure</code></td><td align="left">简化版 this.protocol == "https"，用来检查请求是否通过 TLS 发送</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.ip</code></td><td align="left">请求远程地址，当 app.proxy 设置为 true 时，支持 X-Forwarded-Host</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.ips</code></td><td align="left">当 X-Forwarded-For 存在并且 app.proxy 有效，将会返回一个有序（从 upstream 到 downstream）ip 数组</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.subdomains</code></td><td align="left">以数组形式返回子域名</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.is(types...)</code></td><td align="left">检查请求所包含的 "Content-Type" 是否为给定的 type 值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.accepts(types)</code></td><td align="left">检查给定的类型 types(s) 是否可被接受，当为 true 时返回最佳匹配，否则返回 false</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.acceptsEncodings(encodings)</code></td><td align="left">检查 <code>encodings</code> 是否可以被接受，当为 <code>true</code> 时返回最佳匹配，否则返回 <code>false</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.acceptsCharsets(charsets)</code></td><td align="left">检查 <code>charsets</code> 是否可以被接受，如果为 <code>true</code> 则返回最佳匹配，否则返回 <code>false</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.acceptsLanguages(langs)</code></td><td align="left">检查 <code>langs</code> 是否可以被接受，如果为 <code>true</code> 则返回最佳匹配，否则返回 <code>false</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.idempotent</code></td><td align="left">检查请求是否为幂等(idempotent)</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.socket</code></td><td align="left">返回请求的socket</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>request.get(field)</code></td><td align="left">返回请求头</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list style-list-arrow-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="响应response"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#响应response"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>响应(Response)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<table class="style-list style-list-arrow"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th align="left">:-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>response.header</code></td><td align="left">Response header 对象</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.headers</code></td><td align="left">Response header 对象。等价于 response.header.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.socket</code></td><td align="left">Request socket.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.status</code></td><td align="left">获取响应状态。 默认情况下，response.status设置为404，而不像node's res.statusCode默认为200。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.status=</code></td><td align="left">通过数字设置响应状态</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.message</code></td><td align="left">获取响应状态消息。默认情况下, response.message关联response.status。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.message=</code></td><td align="left">将响应状态消息设置为给定值。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.length=</code></td><td align="left">将响应Content-Length设置为给定值。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.length</code></td><td align="left">如果 Content-Length 作为数值存在，或者可以通过 ctx.body 来进行计算，则返回相应数值，否则返回 undefined。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.body</code></td><td align="left">获取响应体。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.body=</code></td><td align="left">设置响应体为如 <code>string</code>,<code>Buffer</code>,<code>Stream</code>,<code>Object|Array</code>,<code>null</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.get(field)</code></td><td align="left">获取 response header 中字段值，field 不区分大小写</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.set(field, value)</code></td><td align="left">设置 response header 字段 field 的值为 value</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.append(field, value)</code></td><td align="left">添加额外的字段field 的值为 val</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.set(fields)</code></td><td align="left">使用对象同时设置 response header 中多个字段的值</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.remove(field)</code></td><td align="left">移除 response header 中字段 filed</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.type</code></td><td align="left">获取 response Content-Type，不包含像"charset"这样的参数</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.type=</code></td><td align="left">通过 mime 类型的字符串或者文件扩展名设置 response Content-Type</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.is(types...)</code></td><td align="left">跟 <code>ctx.request.is()</code> 非常类似。用来检查响应类型是否是所提供的类型之一</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.redirect(url, [alt])</code></td><td align="left">执行 [302] 重定向到对应 url</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.attachment([filename])</code></td><td align="left">设置 "attachment" 的 Content-Disposition，用于给客户端发送信号来提示下载</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.headerSent</code></td><td align="left">检查 response header 是否已经发送，用于在发生错误时检查客户端是否被通知。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.lastModified</code></td><td align="left">如果存在 Last-Modified，则以 Date 的形式返回。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.lastModified=</code></td><td align="left">以 UTC 格式设置 Last-Modified。您可以使用 Date 或 date 字符串来进行设置。</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.etag=</code></td><td align="left">设置 包含 "s 的 ETag</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.vary(field)</code></td><td align="left">不同于field.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>response.flushHeaders()</code></td><td align="left">刷新任何设置的响应头，并开始响应体</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list style-list-arrow-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="请求request别名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#请求request别名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>请求(Request)别名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>以下访问器和别名与 <a href="#%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82request">Request</a> 等价：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ctx.header</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.headers</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.method</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.method=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.url</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.url=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.originalUrl</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.origin</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.href</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.path</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.path=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.query</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.query=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.querystring</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.querystring=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.host</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.hostname</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.fresh</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.stale</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.socket</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.protocol</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.secure</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.ip</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.ips</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.subdomains</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.is()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.accepts()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.acceptsEncodings()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.acceptsCharsets()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.acceptsLanguages()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.get()</code></li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="响应response别名"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#响应response别名"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>响应(Response)别名</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>以下访问器和别名与 <a href="#%E5%93%8D%E5%BA%94response">Response</a> 等价：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>ctx.body</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.body=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.status</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.status=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.message</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.message=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.length=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.length</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.type=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.type</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.headerSent</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.redirect()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.attachment()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.set()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.append()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.remove()</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.lastModified=</code></li>
<li><code>ctx.etag=</code></li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="requestfresh-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#requestfresh-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>request.fresh 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// freshness 检查需要状态 20x 或 304</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">status</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ETag'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'123'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 缓存正常</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword control-flow">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">fresh</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">status</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">304</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword control-flow">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 缓存已过时</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 获取新数据</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">body</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword control-flow">await</span> db<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'something'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ctxis-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ctxis-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ctx.is 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => 'html'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'text/html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => 'text/html'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'text/*'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text/html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => 'text/html'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 当 Content-Type 为 application/json 时</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'json'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'urlencoded'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => 'json'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'application/json'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => 'application/json'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'application/*'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => 'application/json'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">is</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// => false</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ctxaccepts-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ctxaccepts-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ctx.accepts 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 接受: text/*, application/json</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">accepts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "html"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">accepts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'text/html'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "text/html"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">accepts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'json'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "json"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">accepts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'application/json'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "application/json"</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="requestacceptscharsets-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#requestacceptscharsets-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>request.acceptsCharsets 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// Accept-Charset: utf-8, iso-8859-1;q=0.2, utf-7;q=0.5</span>
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">acceptsCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'utf-8'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'utf-7'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "utf-8"</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">acceptsCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'utf-7'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'utf-8'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "utf-8"</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>检查 <code>charsets</code> 是否可以被接受，如果为 <code>true</code> 则返回最佳匹配， 否则返回 <code>false</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="responseset-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#responseset-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>response.set 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line">ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token method function property-access">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string-property property">'Etag'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'1234'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token string-property property">'Last-Modified'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> date
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用对象同时设置 response header 中多个字段的值</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="responsetype-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#responsetype-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>response.type 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-js"><code class="language-js code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> ct <span class="token operator">=</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token property-access">type</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// => "image/png"</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>获取 response Content-Type，不包含像"charset"这样的参数</p>
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