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<p>这份快速参考备忘单提供了改变文件或目录的所有者的简要概述,以及 chown 命令的操作</p>
</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#选项">选项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#示例-1">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更改文件所有者">更改文件所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#仅更改所有者">仅更改所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#递归更改目录及其内容的所有者">递归更改目录及其内容的所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更改所有者为当前用户">更改所有者为当前用户</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#递归并且不显示错误信息">递归并且不显示错误信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#仅更改组">仅更改组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变更符号链接的所有者">变更符号链接的所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更改所有者为根用户">更改所有者为根用户</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#递归更改所有者为当前用户">递归更改所有者为当前用户</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户但保留组">将文件所有者更改为其他用户,但保留组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户同时更改组">将文件所有者更改为其他用户,同时更改组</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>Linux/Unix 系统中的一个命令,全称为 <code>change owner</code>,用于改变文件或目录的所有者</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>选项<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>所有者<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>:<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 文件或目录名
</span></code></pre>
<p>命令可以更改某个文件或目录的属主owner也可以同时更改其属组group</p>
<h4 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> :groupname file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> username:groupname *
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> file.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>注意</code> 只有超级用户(root)才有权限改变文件或目录的所有者</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="选项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>选项</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><code>-c</code> : 显示更改的部分的信息</li>
<li><code>-f</code> : 忽略错误信息</li>
<li><code>-h</code> :修复符号链接</li>
<li><code>-v</code> : 显示详细的处理信息</li>
<li><code>-R</code> : 处理指定目录以及其子目录下的所有文件</li>
<li><code>--help</code> : 显示辅助说明</li>
<li><code>--version</code> : 显示版本</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="示例-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更改文件所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更改文件所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更改文件所有者</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> root /var/run/httpd.pid
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>/var/run/httpd.pid</code> 的所有者设为 <code>root</code></p>
<h4 id="仅更改所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅更改所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅更改所有者</h4>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> new_owner file.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="递归更改目录及其内容的所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改目录及其内容的所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改目录及其内容的所有者</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> new_owner:new_group directory/
</span></code></pre>
<p>将文件夹 <code>directory</code> 的拥有者设为 <code>new_owner</code> ,群体的使用者设为 <code>new_group</code></p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> username:groupname file1.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>将文件 file1.txt 的拥有者设为 <code>username</code> ,群体的使用者设为 <code>groupname</code></p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> username:groupname *
</span></code></pre>
<p>将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为 <code>username</code> ,群体的使用者设为 <code>groupname</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更改所有者为当前用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更改所有者为当前用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更改所有者为当前用户</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> file.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>递归更改目录及其内容的所有者为当前用户</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> directory/
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="递归并且不显示错误信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归并且不显示错误信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归并且不显示错误信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> new_owner:new_group directory/
</span></code></pre>
<p>更改目录及其内容的所有者和组为 <code>alice</code></p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> alice: directory/
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="仅更改组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅更改组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅更改组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> :groupname file1.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>不修改文件 <code>file1.txt</code> 的拥有者,将文件使用群体改为 <code>groupname</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变更符号链接的所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变更符号链接的所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变更符号链接的所有者</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> new_owner:new_group symlink
</span></code></pre>
<p>变更符号链接的所有者而不是链接指向的文件</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> manager symlink
</span></code></pre>
<p>更改符号链接的所有者为"manager"</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更改所有者为根用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更改所有者为根用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更改所有者为根用户</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">chown</span> root:root file.txt
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="递归更改所有者为当前用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改所有者为当前用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改所有者为当前用户</h4>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> directory/
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 更改目录及其内容的所有者和组为"alice":</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> alice: directory/
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="将文件所有者更改为其他用户但保留组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户但保留组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>将文件所有者更改为其他用户,但保留组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> new_owner file.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="将文件所有者更改为其他用户同时更改组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户同时更改组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>将文件所有者更改为其他用户,同时更改组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> new_owner:new_group file.txt
</span></code></pre>
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