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</script><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.012 8.012 0 0 0 16 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><div class="wrap max-container"><header class="wrap-header h1wrap"><h1 id="chmod-备忘清单"><svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M912.9 130.6c-26.1 4.5-52.8 6.9-80.2 6.9-115.4 0-221.1-41.9-302.6-111.2-10.6-9-26.2-9-36.8 0-81.5 69.4-187.2 111.2-302.6 111.2-27 0-53.5-2.3-79.2-6.7-17.2-2.9-32.9 10.4-33 27.9-0.2 109.1-0.4 238.1-0.4 242.5 0 471 394.5 592.7 431 603 1.8 0.5 3.6 0.5 5.4 0C550.9 994 943 873 945.5 405.7l0.4-247c0-17.6-15.8-31.1-33-28.1zM546 568.9v154.5c0 18.8-15.2 34-34 34s-34-15.2-34-34V568.9c-68.2-15.5-119.1-76.4-119.1-149.3 0-84.5 68.5-153.1 153.1-153.1S665.1 335 665.1 419.6c0 72.9-50.9 133.9-119.1 149.3z"></path></svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>这份快速参考备忘单提供了文件权限的简要概述，以及 chmod 命令的操作</p>
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</div></header><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="语法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>语法</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>options<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>permissions<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>file<span class="token operator">></span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h4><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> foo.txt
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</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> +x quickref.py
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</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u-x quickref.py
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</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rx,o<span class="token operator">=</span> quickref.sh
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="递归更改文件和目录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改文件和目录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改文件和目录</h4><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">755</span> my_directory
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><code>chmod</code> 命令代表“更改模式”</p>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-生成器"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-生成器"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 生成器</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-html"><code class="language-html code-highlight"></code></pre>
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<p>Chmod 生成器允许您以数字和符号的形式快速、直观地生成权限。</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="通用权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#通用权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>通用权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table><thead><tr><th align="left">命令</th><th align="left">s</th><th align="left">含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>400</code></td><td align="left">r--------</td><td align="left">仅所有者可读</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>500</code></td><td align="left">r-x------</td><td align="left">避免改变</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>600</code></td><td align="left">rw-------</td><td align="left">可由用户更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>644</code></td><td align="left">rw-r--r--</td><td align="left">由用户读取和更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>660</code></td><td align="left">rw-rw----</td><td align="left">可由用户和组更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>700</code></td><td align="left">rwx------</td><td align="left">只有用户具有完全访问权限</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>755</code></td><td align="left">rwxr-xr-x</td><td align="left">只能由用户更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>775</code></td><td align="left">rwxrwxr-x</td><td align="left">群组共享模式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>777</code></td><td align="left">rwxrwxrwx</td><td align="left">每个人都可以做任何事</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="解释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#解释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>解释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ls</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">-rw-r--r-- <span class="token number">1</span> root root <span class="token number">3</span> Jun <span class="token number">29</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:35 a.log
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</span><span class="code-line">drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">2</span> Jun <span class="token number">30</span> <span class="token number">18</span>:06 <span class="token function">dir</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="dir-的权限分析"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dir-的权限分析"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a><code>dir</code> 的权限分析</h4><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text code-highlight"><span class="code-line">d rwx r-x r-x
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</span><span class="code-line">┬ ─┬─ ─┬─ ─┬─
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</span><span class="code-line">┆ ┆ ┆ ┆
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</span><span class="code-line">┆ ┆ ┆ ╰─ 4. Other｜5 (4+0+1)
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</span><span class="code-line">┆ ┆ ╰────── 3. Group｜5 (4+0+1)
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</span><span class="code-line">┆ ╰─────────── 2. User ｜7 (4+2+1)
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</span><span class="code-line">╰─────────────── 1. File Type | directory
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="权限模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#权限模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>权限模式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
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<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>权限</th><th>描述</th><th>八进制</th><th>十进制</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>---</code></td><td>没有权限</td><td>000</td><td>0 (0+0+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>--x</code></td><td>执行</td><td>001</td><td>1 (0+0+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>-w-</code></td><td>写</td><td>010</td><td>2 (0+2+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>-wx</code></td><td>执行和写入</td><td>011</td><td>3 (0+2+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>r--</code></td><td>读</td><td>100</td><td>4 (4+0+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>r-x</code></td><td>读取和执行</td><td>101</td><td>5 (4+0+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>rw-</code></td><td>读和写</td><td>110</td><td>6 (4+2+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>rwx</code></td><td>读取、写入和执行</td><td>111</td><td>7 (4+2+1)</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="objects"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#objects"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Objects</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>谁（缩写）</th><th>含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>u</code></td><td>用户</td></tr><tr><td><code>g</code></td><td>组</td></tr><tr><td><code>o</code></td><td>其它</td></tr><tr><td><code>a</code></td><td>全部，和 ugo 一样</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>缩写</th><th>权限</th><th>值</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>r</code></td><td>读</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>w</code></td><td>写</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>x</code></td><td>执行</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>没有权限</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table>
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<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="文件类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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||
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|
||
|
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|
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<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>缩写</th><th>文件类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>d</code></td><td>目录</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>常规文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>l</code></td><td>符号链接</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="chmod-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 示例</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="操作符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#操作符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>操作符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table><thead><tr><th>Symbol</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>添加</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>删除</td></tr><tr><td><code>=</code></td><td>设置</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-600"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-600"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 600</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> example.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rw,g<span class="token operator">=</span>,o<span class="token operator">=</span> example.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+rwx,u-x,g-rwx,o-rwx example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-664"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-664"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 664</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">664</span> example.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rw,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rw,o<span class="token operator">=</span>r example.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+rwx,u-x,g-x,o-wx example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-777"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-777"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 777</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">777</span> example.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,o<span class="token operator">=</span>rwx example.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">a</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="符号模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#符号模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>符号模式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
<p>拒绝所有人的执行权限。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a-x chmodExampleFile.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>向所有人授予读取权限。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+r chmodExampleFile.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>使文件可由组和其他人读写。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> go+rw chmodExampleFile.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>使用户/所有者可执行 shell。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u+x chmodExampleScript.sh
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>允许每个人读取、写入和执行文件并打开设置的 group-ID。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g+s chmodExampleScript.sh
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||
<p>要删除赋予文件的读写权限，请使用以下语法：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> o-rw example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>对于我们的文件 example.txt，我们可以通过运行以下命令使用 chmod for group 删除读写权限：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> g-rx example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>要从组中删除 chmod 读写权限，同时向 public/others 添加读写权限，我们可以使用以下命令：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> g-rx, o+rx example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>但是，如果你想删除组和其他人的所有权限，你可以使用 go= 来代替：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">go</span><span class="token operator">=</span> example.txt
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="可执行文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#可执行文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>可执行文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> +x ~/example.py
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u+x ~/example.py
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+x ~/example.py
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-754"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-754"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 754</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">754</span> foo.sh
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rx,o<span class="token operator">=</span>r foo.sh
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="chmod-实践"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-实践"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 实践</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ssh-权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SSH 权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">700</span> ~/.ssh
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">400</span> /path/to/access_key.pem
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="网络权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#网络权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>网络权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">644</span> /var/www/html/
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> .htaccess
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> robots.txt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /var/www/uploads/
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /var/www/html <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> d <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="批量更改"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#批量更改"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>批量更改</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">644</span> /your_path
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /path <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> d <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /path <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> f <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>请参阅：<a href="https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/commandsub.html">命令替换</a></p>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/modify-file-permissions-with-chmod/">使用 chmod 修改文件权限</a> <em>(linode.com)</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 Kenny Wang, All rights reserved.</footer></footer></body>
|
||
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