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&#x26; ps cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
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<meta description="Linux 为我们提供了一个名为 ps 的实用程序,用于查看与系统上的进程相关的信息,它是 Process Status 的缩写
这份 ps 命令备忘清单的快速参考列表,包含常用选项和示例。
入门,为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<p>Linux 为我们提供了一个名为 <code>ps</code> 的实用程序,用于查看与系统上的进程相关的信息,它是 <code>Process Status</code> 的缩写
这份 <code>ps</code> 命令备忘清单的快速参考列表,包含常用选项和示例。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#语法">语法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看系统上的每个进程">查看系统上的每个进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#打印进程树">打印进程树</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#仅打印-pid-42-的名称">仅打印 PID 42 的名称</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取有关线程的信息">获取有关线程的信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#列出当前用户拥有的所有进程">列出当前用户拥有的所有进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取安全信息">获取安全信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看以-root-身份运行的每个进程">查看以 root 身份运行的每个进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查看具有用户定义格式的每个进程">查看具有用户定义格式的每个进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#仅打印-syslogd-的进程-id">仅打印 syslogd 的进程 ID</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#显示面向用户的格式">显示面向用户的格式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#列出具有完整格式的进程">列出具有完整格式的进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#显示虚拟内存格式">显示虚拟内存格式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#按有效用户-id-或名称显示进程">按有效用户 ID 或名称显示进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#按实际组-id-或名称显示进程">按实际组 ID 或名称显示进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#隐藏-ps-命令输出的标题">隐藏 ps 命令输出的标题</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#显示命令后的环境">显示命令后的环境</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#重复-ps-命令输出的标题行">重复 ps 命令输出的标题行</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#显示进程树">显示进程树</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-4"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="语法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>语法</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-4-->
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>options<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>命令运行示例,列出当前 shell 中的所有进程:</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> PID TTY TIME CMD
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">12330</span> pts/0 00:00:00 <span class="token function">bash</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">21621</span> pts/0 00:00:00 <span class="token function">ps</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:--</th><th>--</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>PID</code></td><td>唯一的进程 ID</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>TTY</code></td><td>用户登录的终端类型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>TIME</code></td><td>进程运行的 CPU 数量,以分钟和秒为单位</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>CMD</code></td><td>启动进程的命令的名称</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>注意:有时当我们执行 <code>ps</code> 命令时,它显示 <code>TIME</code><code>00:00:00</code></p>
<hr>
<p>ps 命令支持 3 种使用语法风格</p>
<ul>
<li><code>Unix</code> 可以分组并以连字符开头</li>
<li><code>BSD</code> 可以分组但前面没有连字符</li>
<li><code>GNU</code> 长选项,前面有双连字符</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<table class="code-nowrap"><thead><tr><th align="left">Option</th><th>Function</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -ef / -aux</code></td><td>以完整格式列出当前正在运行的进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -ax</code></td><td>列出当前正在运行的进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -u &#x3C;username></code></td><td>列出特定用户的进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -C &#x3C;command></code></td><td>列出给定命令的进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -p &#x3C;PID></code></td><td>列出具有给定 PID 的进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -ppid &#x3C;PPID></code></td><td>列出具有给定 ppid 的进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>pstree</code></td><td>在层次结构中显示过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -L</code></td><td>列出特定进程的所有线程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps --sort pmem</code></td><td>查找内存泄漏</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -eo</code></td><td>显示安全信息</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps T</code></td><td>允许您仅选择与此终端关联的所有进程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>ps -U root -u root u</code></td><td>显示由 root 运行的进程</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=code-nowrap-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看系统上的每个进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看系统上的每个进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看系统上的每个进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>要使用标准语法查看系统上的每个进程:</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-e</span> <span class="token comment"># 列出所有进程</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-ef</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-eF</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-ely</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>要使用 BSD 语法查看系统上的每个进程:</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> ax <span class="token comment"># 以 BSD 格式列出所有进程</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> axu
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="打印进程树"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#打印进程树"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>打印进程树</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-ejH</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> axjf
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="仅打印-pid-42-的名称"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅打印-pid-42-的名称"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅打印 PID 42 的名称</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-q</span> <span class="token number">42</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">comm</span><span class="token operator">=</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取有关线程的信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取有关线程的信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取有关线程的信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-eLf</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> axms
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="列出当前用户拥有的所有进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#列出当前用户拥有的所有进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>列出当前用户拥有的所有进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> x
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取安全信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取安全信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取安全信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-eo</span> euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> axZ
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-eM</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看以-root-身份运行的每个进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看以-root-身份运行的每个进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看以 root 身份运行的每个进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>查看以 root 身份运行的每个进程(真实且有效的 ID用户格式</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> root <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> root u
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="查看具有用户定义格式的每个进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#查看具有用户定义格式的每个进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>查看具有用户定义格式的每个进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-eo</span> pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-Ao</span> pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="仅打印-syslogd-的进程-id"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅打印-syslogd-的进程-id"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅打印 syslogd 的进程 ID</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-C</span> syslogd <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">pid</span><span class="token operator">=</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="显示面向用户的格式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#显示面向用户的格式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>显示面向用户的格式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> u
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token environment constant">USER</span> PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TT STAT STARTED TIME COMMAND
</span><span class="code-line">refs <span class="token number">11400</span> <span class="token number">1.1</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token number">34853544</span> <span class="token number">5816</span> s025 Ss Tue02PM <span class="token number">0</span>:02.82 /bin/zsh <span class="token parameter variable">--login</span>
</span><span class="code-line">refs <span class="token number">34561</span> <span class="token number">0.6</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token number">34822644</span> <span class="token number">3152</span> s016 S+ 14Dec22 <span class="token number">115</span>:59.28 <span class="token function">zsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>figterm<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">refs <span class="token number">21377</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token number">34973972</span> <span class="token number">7076</span> s028 S+ Wed09AM <span class="token number">4</span>:32.19 <span class="token function">zsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>figterm<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">refs <span class="token number">78881</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token number">34843484</span> <span class="token number">3256</span> s015 S+ 17Dec22 <span class="token number">90</span>:27.10 <span class="token function">zsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>figterm<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="列出具有完整格式的进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#列出具有完整格式的进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>列出具有完整格式的进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> f
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-F</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="显示虚拟内存格式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#显示虚拟内存格式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>显示虚拟内存格式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token function">v</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="按有效用户-id-或名称显示进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#按有效用户-id-或名称显示进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>按有效用户 ID 或名称显示进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> user<span class="token punctuation">[</span>name or id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># OR</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--user</span> user<span class="token punctuation">[</span>name or id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-u</span> root
</span></code></pre>
<p><strong>真实</strong>用户 ID 或名称显示进程</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-U</span> user<span class="token punctuation">[</span>name or id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># OR</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--User</span> user<span class="token punctuation">[</span>name or id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="按实际组-id-或名称显示进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#按实际组-id-或名称显示进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>按实际组 ID 或名称显示进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-G</span> group<span class="token punctuation">[</span>name or id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># OR</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--Group</span> group<span class="token punctuation">[</span>name or id<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="隐藏-ps-命令输出的标题"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#隐藏-ps-命令输出的标题"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>隐藏 ps 命令输出的标题</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> h
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">33790</span> s000 S+ <span class="token number">104</span>:10.45 <span class="token function">zsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>figterm<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">33800</span> s001 Ss+ <span class="token number">0</span>:02.76 /bin/zsh <span class="token parameter variable">--login</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">77830</span> s002 S+ <span class="token number">90</span>:22.51 <span class="token function">zsh</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>figterm<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">77840</span> s003 Ss <span class="token number">0</span>:00.66 /bin/zsh <span class="token parameter variable">--login</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="显示命令后的环境"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#显示命令后的环境"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>显示命令后的环境</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> e
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">886</span> tty2 Ssl+ <span class="token number">0</span>:00 /usr/li<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="重复-ps-命令输出的标题行"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重复-ps-命令输出的标题行"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重复 ps 命令输出的标题行</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--headers</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-A</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> PID TTY TIME CMD
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">1</span> ? 00:00:01 systemd
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">2</span> ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">3</span> ? 00:00:00 rcu_gp
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="显示进程树"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#显示进程树"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>显示进程树</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--forest</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-A</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> PID TTY TIME CMD
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">2</span> ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">3</span> ? 00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">\</span>_ rcu_gp
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">4</span> ? 00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">\</span>_ rcu_par_gp
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">960</span> ? 00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">\</span>_ goa-identity-se
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">1118</span> ? 00:00:00 <span class="token punctuation">\</span>_ at-spi-bus-laun
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">1124</span> ? 00:00:00 <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>_ dbus-daemon
</span></code></pre>
<p>您可以使用 -H 选项打印进程层次结构</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ps</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-H</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-A</span>
</span><span class="code-line">PID TTY TIME CMD
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">2</span> ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">3</span> ? 00:00:00 rcu_gp
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">1832</span> ? 00:00:37 gnome-terminal-
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">1840</span> pts/0 00:00:00 <span class="token function">bash</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">1925</span> pts/1 00:00:00 <span class="token function">bash</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">2867</span> pts/1 00:00:00 <span class="token function">su</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">2868</span> pts/1 00:00:00 <span class="token function">bash</span>
</span></code></pre>
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