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<p>提供基本语法和方法的 C 快速参考备忘单。</p>
</div></header><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="helloc"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#helloc"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>hello.c</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用 <code>gcc</code> 编译 <code>hello.c</code> 文件</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ gcc <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> hello hello.c
</span></code></pre>
<p>运行编译后的二进制文件(<code>hello</code>)</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ ./hello
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 输出 => Hello World</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 不赋值，然后再赋值</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNum2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">15</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// myNum3 值为 15</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNum3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 现在 myNum3 值为 10</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">float</span> myFloatNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5.99</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 浮点数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'D'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 字符串</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> sum <span class="token operator">=</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 添加变量相加</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 声明多个变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> z <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="常量-constants"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常量-constants"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常量 Constants</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> minutesPerHour <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">float</span> PI <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3.14</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>最佳实践</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> BIRTHYEAR <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1980</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="注释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#注释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>注释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 这是一个注释</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 这是一个注释</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">/* 多行注释，上面的代码将打印出 Hello World!
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">到屏幕上，真是太棒了 */</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="打印文本"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#打印文本"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>打印文本</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"I am learning C."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> testInteger <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Number = %d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> testInteger<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">float</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5.99</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 浮点数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Value = %f"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">short</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>b1010110<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2 进制数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">02713</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 8 进制数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">long</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0X1DAB83</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 16 进制数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 以 8 进制形似输出</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a=%ho, b=%o, c=%lo\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 => a=126, b=2713, c=7325603</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 以 10 进制形式输出</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a=%hd, b=%d, c=%ld\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 => a=86, b=1483, c=1944451</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 以 16 进制形式输出（字母小写）</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a=%hx, b=%x, c=%lx\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 => a=56, b=5cb, c=1dab83</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 以 16 进制形式输出（字母大写）</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a=%hX, b=%X, c=%lX\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 => a=56, b=5CB, c=1DAB83</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="控制空格数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#控制空格数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>控制空格数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> a1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">345</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a3<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">700</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> b1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">56720</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> b2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">9999</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> b3<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">20098</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> c1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">233</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">205</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c3<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> d1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d3<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%-9d %-9d %-9d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> a2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> a3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%-9d %-9d %-9d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> b1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%-9d %-9d %-9d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%-9d %-9d %-9d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> d2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> d3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>输出结果</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token number">345</span> <span class="token number">700</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">56720</span> <span class="token number">9999</span> <span class="token number">20098</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">233</span> <span class="token number">205</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token number">34</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">23</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>%-9d</code> 中，<code>d</code> 表示以 <code>10</code> 进制输出，<code>9</code> 表示最少占 <code>9</code> 个字符的宽度，宽度不足以空格补齐，<code>-</code> 表示左对齐</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串-strings"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串-strings"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串 Strings</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>访问字符串</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>修改字符串</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">greetings<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'J'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 "Jello World!"</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>另一种创建字符串的方法</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token char">'H'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token char">'e'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token char">'l'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token char">'l'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token char">'\0'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> greetings<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 "Hell!"</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>C</code> <strong>没有</strong> String 类型，使用 <code>char</code> 类型并创建一个字符 <code>array</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="条件判断"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#条件判断"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>条件判断</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>time <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"再会！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"晚上好！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 -> "晚上好！"</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>time <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"早上好！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>time <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"再会！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"晚上好！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 -> "晚上好！"</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="三元运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#三元运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>三元运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> time <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>time <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"再会！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"晚上好！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="switch"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#switch"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Switch</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> day <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">switch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>day<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"周三"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"周四"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">default</span><span class="token operator">:</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"期待周末"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 -> "周四" (day 4)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="while-循环"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#while-循环"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>While 循环</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p><strong>注意</strong>：不要忘记增加条件中使用的变量，否则循环永远不会结束，成为“死循环”！</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="dowhile-循环"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dowhile-循环"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Do/While 循环</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">do</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="for-循环"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#for-循环"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>For 循环</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="跳出循环-breakcontinue"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#跳出循环-breakcontinue"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>跳出循环 Break/Continue</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>在 <code>i</code> 等于 <code>4</code> 时跳出循环</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">continue</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>示例跳过 <code>4</code> 的值</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="while-break-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#while-break-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>While Break 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="while-continue-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#while-continue-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>While continue 示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">continue</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数组-arrays"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数组-arrays"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数组 Arrays</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 25</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>更改数组元素</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>循环遍历数组</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>设置数组大小</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 声明一个由四个整数组成的数组：</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 添加元素</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">myNumbers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="枚举-enum"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#枚举-enum"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>枚举 Enum</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Mon <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tues<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Thurs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Fri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sat<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sun <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>定义枚举变量</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Mon <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tues<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Thurs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Fri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sat<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sun <span class="token punctuation">}</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>有了枚举变量，就可以把列表中的值赋给它</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Mon <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tues<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Thurs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Fri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sat<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sun <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> Mon<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b <span class="token operator">=</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> Sat<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 或者</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> Mon <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tues<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Thurs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Fri<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sat<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Sun <span class="token punctuation">}</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> Mon<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b <span class="token operator">=</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> Sat<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="枚举示例应用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#枚举示例应用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>枚举示例应用</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">enum</span> <span class="token class-name">week</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>Mon <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Tues<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Wed<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Thurs<span class="token punctuation">}</span> day<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">scanf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>day<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">switch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>day<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">case</span> Mon<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">puts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Monday"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">case</span> Tues<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">puts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Tuesday"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">case</span> Wed<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">puts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Wednesday"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">case</span> Thurs<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">puts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Thursday"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">default</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">puts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Error!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用户输入"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用户输入"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用户输入</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 创建一个整数变量来存储我们从用户那里得到的数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 要求用户输入一个数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"请输入一个数字: \n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 获取并保存用户输入的号码</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">scanf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>myNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出用户输入的数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"您输入的数字: %d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用户输入字符串"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用户输入字符串"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用户输入字符串</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 创建一个字符串</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> firstName<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 要求用户输入一些文本</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"输入您的名字: \n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 获取并保存文本</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">scanf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> firstName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出文本</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello %s."</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> firstName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="内存地址"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#内存地址"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>内存地址</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>创建变量时，会为该变量分配一个内存地址</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myAge <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%p"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>myAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出：0x7ffe5367e044</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>要访问它，请使用引用运算符 (<code>&#x26;</code>)</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建指针"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建指针"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建指针</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myAge <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 一个 int 变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出 myAge(43)的值</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 myAge 的内存地址（0x7ffe5367e044）</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%p"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>myAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="指针变量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#指针变量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>指针变量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myAge <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 一个 int 变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">*</span> ptr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>myAge<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 名为 ptr 的指针变量，用于存储 myAge 的地址</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出 myAge (43) 的值</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%p\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> \<span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>myAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 输出 myAge 的内存地址（0x7ffe5367e044）</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%p\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ptr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 用指针（0x7ffe5367e044）输出myAge的内存地址</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="取消引用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#取消引用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>取消引用</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myAge <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">43</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 变量声明</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">*</span> ptr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span>myAge<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 指针声明</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 参考：用指针输出 myAge 的</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 内存地址（0x7ffe5367e044）</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%p\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ptr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 取消引用：用指针输出 myAge 的值 (43)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>ptr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运算符</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="算术运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#算术运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>算术运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> sum1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 150 (100 + 50)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> sum2 <span class="token operator">=</span> sum1 <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">250</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 400 (150 + 250)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> sum3 <span class="token operator">=</span> sum2 <span class="token operator">+</span> sum2<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 800 (400 + 400)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<table><thead><tr><th>Operator</th><th>Name</th><th>Description</th><th>Example</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>加</td><td>将两个值相加</td><td><code>x + y</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>减</td><td>从另一个值中减去一个值</td><td><code>x - y</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>*</code></td><td>乘</td><td>将两个值相乘</td><td><code>x * y</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>/</code></td><td>除</td><td>将一个值除以另一个</td><td><code>x / y</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>%</code></td><td>取模</td><td>返回除法余数</td><td><code>x % y</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>++</code></td><td>增量</td><td>将变量的值增加 1</td><td><code>++</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>--</code></td><td>乘量</td><td>将变量的值减 1</td><td><code>--x</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="赋值运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#赋值运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>赋值运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th>符号</th><th>示例</th><th>如同</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>=</code></td><td>x <code>=</code> 5</td><td>x <code>=</code> 5</td></tr><tr><td><code>+=</code></td><td>x <code>+=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>+</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>-=</code></td><td>x <code>-=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>-</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>*=</code></td><td>x <code>*=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>*</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>/=</code></td><td>x <code>/=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>/</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>%=</code></td><td>x <code>%=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>%</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>&#x26;=</code></td><td>x <code>&#x26;=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>&#x26;</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>|=</code></td><td>x <code>|=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>|</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>^=</code></td><td>x <code>^=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>^</code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>>>=</code></td><td>x <code>>>=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>>></code> 3</td></tr><tr><td><code>&#x3C;&#x3C;=</code></td><td>x <code>&#x3C;&#x3C;=</code> 3</td><td>x <code>=</code> x <code>&#x3C;&#x3C;</code> 3</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="比较运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#比较运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>比较运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> x <span class="token operator">></span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 返回 1（真），因为 5 大于 3</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<table><thead><tr><th>符号</th><th>名称</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>==</code></td><td>等于</td><td>x <code>==</code> y</td></tr><tr><td><code>!=</code></td><td>不等于</td><td>x <code>!=</code> y</td></tr><tr><td><code>></code></td><td>大于</td><td>x <code>></code> y</td></tr><tr><td><code>&#x3C;</code></td><td>小于</td><td>x <code>&#x3C;</code> y</td></tr><tr><td><code>>=</code></td><td>大于或等于</td><td>x <code>>=</code> y</td></tr><tr><td><code>&#x3C;=</code></td><td>小于或等于</td><td>x <code>&#x3C;=</code> y</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>比较运算符用于比较两个值</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="逻辑运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#逻辑运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>逻辑运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table><thead><tr><th>符号</th><th>名称</th><th>说明</th><th>示例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>&#x26;&#x26;</code></td><td><code>与</code>逻辑</td><td>如果两个语句都为真，则返回真</td><td><code>x &#x3C; 5 &#x26;&#x26; x &#x3C; 10</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>||</code></td><td><code>或</code>逻辑</td><td>如果其中一个语句为真，则返回真</td><td><code>x &#x3C; 5 || x &#x3C; 4</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>!</code></td><td><code>非</code>逻辑</td><td>反转结果，如果结果为真则返回假</td><td><code>!(x &#x3C; 5 &#x26;&#x26; x &#x3C; 10)</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运算符示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运算符示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运算符示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 60 = 0011 1100 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 13 = 0000 1101 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">c <span class="token operator">=</span> a <span class="token operator">&#x26;</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 12 = 0000 1100 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line 1 - c 的值是 %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">c <span class="token operator">=</span> a <span class="token operator">|</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 61 = 0011 1101 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line 2 - c 的值是 %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">c <span class="token operator">=</span> a <span class="token operator">^</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 49 = 0011 0001 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line 3 - c 的值是 %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">~</span>a<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/*-61 = 1100 0011 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line 4 - c 的值是 %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">c <span class="token operator">=</span> a <span class="token operator">&#x3C;&#x3C;</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 240 = 1111 0000 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line 5 - c 的值是 %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">c <span class="token operator">=</span> a <span class="token operator">>></span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 15 = 0000 1111 */</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line 6 - c 的值是 %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="位运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#位运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>位运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">运算符</th><th align="left">描述</th><th align="left">实例</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>&#x26;</code></td><td align="left">按位与操作，按二进制位进行"与"运算</td><td align="left"><code>(A &#x26; B)</code> 将得到 <code>12</code> 即为 0000 1100</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>|</code></td><td align="left">按位或运算符，按二进制位进行"或"运算</td><td align="left"><code>(A | B)</code> 将得到 <code>61</code> 即为 0011 1101</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>^</code></td><td align="left">异或运算符，按二进制位进行"异或"运算</td><td align="left"><code>(A ^ B)</code> 将得到 <code>49</code> 即为 0011 0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>~</code></td><td align="left">取反运算符，按二进制位进行"取反"运算</td><td align="left"><code>(~A)</code> 将得到 <code>-61</code> 即为 1100 0011</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>&#x3C;&#x3C;</code></td><td align="left">二进制左移运算符</td><td align="left"><code>A &#x3C;&#x3C; 2</code> 将得到 <code>240</code> 即为 1111 0000</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>>></code></td><td align="left">二进制右移运算符</td><td align="left"><code>A >> 2</code> 将得到 <code>15</code> 即为 0000 1111</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="数据类型-data-types"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据类型-data-types"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据类型 Data Types</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="基本数据类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本数据类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本数据类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table><thead><tr><th>数据类型</th><th>大小 Size</th><th>范围 Range</th><th>描述 Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>char</code></td><td>1 字节</td><td><code>−128</code> ~ <code>127</code></td><td>单个字符/字母/数字/ASCII</td></tr><tr><td><code>signed char</code></td><td>1 字节</td><td><code>−128</code> ~ <code>127</code></td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned char</code></td><td>1 字节</td><td><code>0</code> ~ <code>255</code></td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td><code>int</code></td><td><code>2</code> 到 <code>4</code> 字节</td><td><code>−32,768</code> ~ <code>32,767</code></td><td>存储整数</td></tr><tr><td><code>signed int</code></td><td>2 字节</td><td><code>−32,768</code> ~ <code>32,767</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned int</code></td><td>2 字节</td><td><code>0</code> ~ <code>65,535</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>short int</code></td><td>2 字节</td><td><code>−32,768</code> ~ <code>32,767</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>signed short int</code></td><td>2 字节</td><td><code>−32,768</code> ~ <code>32,767</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned short int</code></td><td>2 字节</td><td><code>0</code> ~ <code>65,535</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>long int</code></td><td>4 字节</td><td><code>-2,147,483,648</code> ~ <code>2,147,483,647</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>signed long int</code></td><td>4 字节</td><td><code>-2,147,483,648</code> ~ <code>2,147,483,647</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>unsigned long int</code></td><td>4 字节</td><td><code>0</code> ~ <code>4,294,967,295</code></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>float</code></td><td>4 字节</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>double</code></td><td>8 字节</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><code>long double</code></td><td>10 字节</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数据类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 创建变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 整数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">float</span> myFloatNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5.99</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 浮点数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'D'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 字符串</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 高精度浮点数据或数字</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">double</span> myDouble <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3.2325467</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 打印输出变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%f\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myFloatNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myLetter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%lf\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myDouble<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<table><thead><tr><th align="left">数据类型</th><th align="left">说 明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>char</code></td><td align="left">字符型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>short</code></td><td align="left">短整型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>int</code></td><td align="left">整型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>long</code></td><td align="left">长整型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>float</code></td><td align="left">单精度浮点型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>double</code></td><td align="left">双精度浮点型</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>void</code></td><td align="left">无类型</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="基本格式说明符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本格式说明符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本格式说明符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th>格式说明符</th><th>数据类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>%d</code> 或 <code>%i</code></td><td><code>int</code> 整数</td></tr><tr><td><code>%f</code></td><td><code>float</code> 单精度的十进制类型</td></tr><tr><td><code>%lf</code></td><td><code>double</code> 高精度浮点数据或数字</td></tr><tr><td><code>%c</code></td><td><code>char</code> 字符</td></tr><tr><td><code>%s</code></td><td>用于 <code>strings</code> 字符串</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="基本格式说明符-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基本格式说明符-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基本格式说明符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>short</th><th>int</th><th>long</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>8 进制</td><td><code>%ho</code></td><td><code>%o</code></td><td><code>%lo</code></td></tr><tr><td>10 进制</td><td><code>%hd</code></td><td><code>%d</code></td><td><code>%ld</code></td></tr><tr><td>16 进制</td><td><code>%hx</code> / <code>%hX</code></td><td><code>%x</code> / <code>%X</code></td><td><code>%lx</code> / <code>%lX</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数据格式示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据格式示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据格式示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">float</span> myFloatNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5.99</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 浮点数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'D'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 字符串</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 打印输出变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%f\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myFloatNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> myLetter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="预处理器"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#预处理器"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>预处理器</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="预处理器指令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#预处理器指令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>预处理器指令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<table><thead><tr><th>指令</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>#define</code></td><td>定义宏</td></tr><tr><td><code>#include</code></td><td>包含一个源代码文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>#undef</code></td><td>取消已定义的宏</td></tr><tr><td><code>#ifdef</code></td><td>如果宏已经定义，则返回真</td></tr><tr><td><code>#ifndef</code></td><td>如果宏没有定义，则返回真</td></tr><tr><td><code>#if</code></td><td>如果给定条件为真，则编译下面代码</td></tr><tr><td><code>#else</code></td><td><code>#if</code> 的替代方案</td></tr><tr><td><code>#elif</code></td><td>如果 <code>#if</code> 条件为假，当前条件为<code>真</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>#endif</code></td><td>结束一个 <code>#if……#else</code> 条件编译块</td></tr><tr><td><code>#error</code></td><td>当遇到标准错误时，输出错误消息</td></tr><tr><td><code>#pragma</code></td><td>使用标准化方法，向编译器发布特殊的命令到编译器中</td></tr></tbody></table>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 所有的 MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH 替换为 20</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name">MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token number">20</span></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 系统库中获取 stdio.h</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 本地目录中获取 myheader.h</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">"myheader.h"</span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">undef</span> <span class="token expression">FILE_SIZE</span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name">FILE_SIZE</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token number">42</span> </span><span class="token comment">// 取消已定义并定义为 42</span></span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="预定义宏"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#预定义宏"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>预定义宏</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<table class="style-list"><thead><tr><th>宏</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>__DATE__</code></td><td>当前日期，一个以 "MMM DD YYYY" 格式表示的字符常量</td></tr><tr><td><code>__TIME__</code></td><td>当前时间，一个以 "HH:MM:SS" 格式表示的字符常量</td></tr><tr><td><code>__FILE__</code></td><td>这会包含当前文件名，一个字符串常量</td></tr><tr><td><code>__LINE__</code></td><td>这会包含当前行号，一个十进制常量</td></tr><tr><td><code>__STDC__</code></td><td>当编译器以 <code>ANSI</code> 标准编译时，则定义为 <code>1</code></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=style-list-->
<p><code>ANSI C</code> 定义了许多宏，您可以使用这些宏，但是不能直接修改这些预定义的宏</p>
</div></div><div class="h3wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h4wrap"><h4 id="预定义宏示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#预定义宏示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>预定义宏示例</h4><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"File :%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__FILE__</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Date :%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__DATE__</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Time :%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__TIME__</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Line :%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__LINE__</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"ANSI :%d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> __STDC__<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="宏延续运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#宏延续运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>宏延续运算符（\）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>一个宏通常写在一个单行上。</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name function">message_for</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"> <span class="token expression"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>#a </span><span class="token string">" 和 "</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">b</span> </span></span><span class="token string">": 我们爱你！\n"</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span></span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>如果宏太长，一个单行容纳不下，则使用宏延续运算符 <code>\</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串常量化运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串常量化运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串常量化运算符（#）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name function">message_for</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>
</span></span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"> <span class="token expression"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>#a </span><span class="token string">" 和 "</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">b</span> </span></span><span class="token string">": 我们爱你！\n"</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">void</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">message_for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Carole<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Debra<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：</p>
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line">Carole 和 Debra: 我们爱你！
</span></code></pre>
<p>需要把一个宏的参数转换为字符串常量时，使用字符串常量化运算符 <code>#</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="标记粘贴运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#标记粘贴运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>标记粘贴运算符（##）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name function">tokenpaster</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">printf</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span></span><span class="token string">"token"</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">n</span> </span></span><span class="token string">" = %d"</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token</span><span class="token punctuation">##</span><span class="token expression">n<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">void</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> token34 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">tokenpaster</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">34</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="defined-运算符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#defined-运算符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>defined() 运算符</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">if</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token function">defined</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>MESSAGE<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name">MESSAGE</span> <span class="token string">"You wish!"</span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">endif</span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">void</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Here is the message: %s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> MESSAGE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="参数化的宏"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参数化的宏"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参数化的宏</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">square</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> x <span class="token operator">*</span> x<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>宏重写上面的代码，如下：</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name function">square</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span></span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>宏名称和左圆括号之间不允许有空格</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name function">MAX</span><span class="token expression"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span>y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>y<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">void</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Max between 20 and 10 is %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">MAX</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>函数</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="函数声明和定义"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数声明和定义"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>函数声明和定义</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>函数由两部分组成</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 声明 declaration</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 函数体（要执行的代码）(definition)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><code>Declaration</code> 声明函数名称、返回类型和参数 <em>(如果有)</em></li>
<li><code>Definition</code> 函数体 <em>(要执行的代码)</em></li>
</ul>
<hr>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 函数声明</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 主要方法</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// --> 调用函数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">// 函数定义</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"晚上好！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="调用函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#调用函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>调用函数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 创建函数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"晚上好！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 调用函数</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 可以被多次调用</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 -> "晚上好！"</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 -> "晚上好！"</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="函数参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>函数参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">char</span> name<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello %s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Liam"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Jenny"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// Hello Liam</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// Hello Jenny</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="多个参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#多个参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>多个参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">char</span> name<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"你好 %s 你 %d 岁了。\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Liam"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Jenny"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">14</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 你好 Liam 你 3 岁了。</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 你好 Jenny 你 14 岁了。</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="返回值"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#返回值"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>返回值</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> x<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> x<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"结果: %d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出 8 (5 + 3)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>两个参数</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"结果: %d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 将结果存储在变量中</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">myFunction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"结果 = %d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 结果: 8 (5 + 3)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 结果 = 8 (5 + 3)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="递归示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归示例</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> k<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> k<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>k <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> k <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">sum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>k <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数学函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数学函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数学函数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;math.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%f"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 平方根</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%f"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ceil</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 四舍五入 (入)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%f"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">floor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1.4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 四舍五入 (舍)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%f"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">pow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// x(4)的y(3)次方</span>
</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<ul class="cols-2">
<li><code>abs(x)</code> 绝对值</li>
<li><code>acos(x)</code> 反余弦值</li>
<li><code>asin(x)</code> 反正弦值</li>
<li><code>atan(x)</code> 反正切</li>
<li><code>cbrt(x)</code> 立方根</li>
<li><code>cos(x)</code> 余弦</li>
<li><code>exp(x)</code> Ex 的值</li>
<li><code>sin(x)</code> x 的正弦值</li>
<li><code>tan(x)</code> 角度的正切</li>
</ul>
<!--rehype:className=cols-2-->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="structures-结构"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#structures-结构"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Structures 结构</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建结构"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建结构"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建结构</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">MyStructure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 结构声明</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 成员（int 变量）</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 成员（char 变量）</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 用分号结束结构</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>创建一个名为 <code>s1</code> 的结构变量</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="结构中的字符串"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#结构中的字符串"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>结构中的字符串</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> myString<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// String</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">strcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myString<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Some text"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 打印值</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"我字符串: %s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myString<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用 <code>strcpy</code> 函数为字符串赋值</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="访问结构成员"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#访问结构成员"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>访问结构成员</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 创建一个名为 myStructure 的结构</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> myNum<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> myLetter<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 创建一个名为 s1 的 myStructure 结构变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 为 s1 的成员赋值</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'B'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 创建一个名为 s2 的 myStructure 结构变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 并为其赋值</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token char">'B'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 打印值</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"My number: %d\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"My letter: %c\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myLetter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>创建不同的结构变量</p>
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 为不同的结构变量赋值</span>
</span><span class="code-line">s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'B'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'C'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="复制结构"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#复制结构"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>复制结构</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token char">'B'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Some text"</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line">s2 <span class="token operator">=</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>示例中，将 <code>s1</code> 的值复制到 <code>s2</code></p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="修改值"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#修改值"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>修改值</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 创建一个结构变量并为其赋值</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">myStructure</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token char">'B'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 修改值</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line">s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line">s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myLetter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'C'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 打印值</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%d %c %s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myNum<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myLetter<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="文件处理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件处理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件处理</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="文件处理函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件处理函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件处理函数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th>函数</th><th>描述 Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>fopen()</code></td><td><code>打开</code>新文件或现有文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>fprintf()</code></td><td>将数据<code>写入</code>文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>fscanf()</code></td><td>从文件中<code>读取</code>数据</td></tr><tr><td><code>fputc()</code></td><td>将一个字符<code>写入</code>文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>fgetc()</code></td><td>从文件中<code>读取</code>一个字符</td></tr><tr><td><code>fclose()</code></td><td><code>关闭</code>文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>fseek()</code></td><td>将文件指针设置到<code>给定位置</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>fputw()</code></td><td>将整数<code>写入</code>文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>fgetw()</code></td><td>从文件中<code>读取</code>一个整数</td></tr><tr><td><code>ftell()</code></td><td>返回当前<code>位置</code></td></tr><tr><td><code>rewind()</code></td><td>将文件指针设置为文件的开头</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>C 库中有许多函数可以<code>打开</code>/<code>读取</code>/<code>写入</code>/<code>搜索</code>和<code>关闭</code>文件</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="打开模式参数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#打开模式参数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>打开模式参数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table><thead><tr><th>模式 Mode</th><th>描述 Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>r</code></td><td>以<code>读取</code>模式打开一个文本文件，允许读取文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>w</code></td><td>以<code>写</code>模式打开一个文本文件，允许写入文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>a</code></td><td>以<code>追加</code>模式打开一个文本文件<br>如果文件不存在，则会创建一个新文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>r+</code></td><td>以<code>读写</code>模式打开一个文本文件，允许读写文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>w+</code></td><td>以<code>读写</code>模式打开一个文本文件，允许读写文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>a+</code></td><td>以<code>读写</code>模式打开一个文本文件，允许读写文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>rb</code></td><td>以<code>读取</code>模式打开二进制文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>wb</code></td><td>以<code>写入</code>模式打开二进制文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>ab</code></td><td>以<code>追加</code>模式打开二进制文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>rb+</code></td><td>以<code>读写</code>模式打开二进制文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>wb+</code></td><td>以<code>读写</code>模式打开二进制文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>ab+</code></td><td>以<code>读写</code>模式打开二进制文件</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="打开文件fopen"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#打开文件fopen"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>打开文件：fopen()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> ch<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"file_handle.c"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ch <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fgetc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ch <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token constant">EOF</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ch<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>对文件执行所有操作后，必须关闭 <code>fclose()</code> 该文件</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="写入文件fprintf"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#写入文件fprintf"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>写入文件：fprintf()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"file.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"w"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 打开文件</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 将数据写入文件</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">fprintf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"fprintf 的 Hello 文件..\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 关闭文件 </span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="读取文件fscanf"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#读取文件fscanf"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>读取文件：fscanf()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span> </span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> buff<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 创建char数组存储文件数据</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"file.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">fscanf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> buff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token constant">EOF</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s "</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> buff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="写入文件fputc"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#写入文件fputc"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>写入文件：fputc()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"file1.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"w"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 打开文件</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">fputc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token char">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 将单个字符写入文件</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 关闭文件</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="读取文件fgetc"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#读取文件fgetc"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>读取文件：fgetc()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;conio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">clrscr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myfile.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">fgetc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">!=</span><span class="token constant">EOF</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">getch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="写入文件fputs"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#写入文件fputs"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>写入文件：fputs()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;conio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">clrscr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myfile2.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"w"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">fputs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hello c programming"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">getch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="读取文件fgets"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#读取文件fgets"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>读取文件：fgets()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;conio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> text<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">clrscr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> fp<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myfile2.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">fgets</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">getch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="fseek"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#fseek"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>fseek()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"myfile.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"w+"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fputs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"This is Book"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">// 将文件指针设置到给定位置</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">fseek</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SEEK_SET</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fputs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Kenny Wong"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>将文件指针设置到给定位置</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="rewind"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#rewind"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>rewind()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&#x3C;conio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">clrscr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"file.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">fgetc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token constant">EOF</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> <span class="token function">rewind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 将文件指针移动到文件的开头</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">fgetc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token constant">EOF</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%c"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">getch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// Hello World!Hello World!</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ftell"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ftell"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>ftell()</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-c"><code class="language-c code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;stdio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&#x3C;conio.h></span></span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> FILE <span class="token operator">*</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">int</span> length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">clrscr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> fp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">fopen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"file.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"r"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fseek</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">SEEK_END</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line highlight-line"> length <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">ftell</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 返回当前位置</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">fclose</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"文件大小: %d bytes"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token function">getch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 输出</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">// 文件大小: 18 bytes</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="杂项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#杂项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>杂项</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="docker-运行环境"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#docker-运行环境"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Docker 运行环境</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<ul class="style-timeline">
<li>安装 <a href="./docker.html"><code>Docker</code></a></li>
<li>创建 <a href="./dockerfile.html"><code>Dockerfile</code></a> 文件
<pre class="language-dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">FROM</span> alpine:3.14</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token instruction"><span class="token keyword">RUN</span> apk add --no-cache g++</span>
</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>生成本地 myalpine 镜像
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">docker</span> build <span class="token parameter variable">-t</span> myalpine <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>运行映像，把当前路径 <code>($PWD)</code> 映射至容器的 <code>/test</code> 目录，用 <code>gcc</code> 编译程序，<code>exit</code>返回
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">docker</span> run <span class="token parameter variable">-it</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token environment constant">$PWD</span>:/test myalpine
</span><span class="code-line">root@b1a38bd7107a:/<span class="token comment"># cd test</span>
</span><span class="code-line">root@b1a38bd7107a:/test<span class="token comment"># gcc -o hello hello.c</span>
</span><span class="code-line">Hello World
</span><span class="code-line">root@b1a38bd7107a:/test<span class="token comment"># exit</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span>
</span></code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<!--rehype:className=style-timeline-->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://jaywcjlove.github.io/c-tutorial">C 教程</a> <em>(jaywcjlove.github.io)</em></li>
</ul>
</div></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 Kenny Wang, All rights reserved.</footer></footer><script>
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