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<title>NestJS 备忘清单
&#x26; nestjs cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
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<meta description="NestJS 是一个用于构建高效、可扩展的 Node.js 服务器端应用程序的开发框架
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<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#nestjs-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>NestJS 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@nestjs/core"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@nestjs/core.svg?style=flat" alt="NPM version"></a>
<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@nestjs/core"><img src="https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/@nestjs/core.svg?style=flat" alt="Downloads"></a>
<a href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest/network/dependents"><img src="https://badgen.net/github/dependents-repo/nestjs/nest" alt="Repo Dependents"></a>
<a href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest"><img src="https://badgen.net/badge/icon/Github?icon=github&#x26;label" alt="Github repo"></a></p>
<p style="padding-top: 12px;"><a href="https://docs.nestjs.com/">NestJS</a> 是一个用于构建高效、可扩展的 Node.js 服务器端应用程序的开发框架</p>
<!--rehype:style=padding-top: 12px;-->
</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 4a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2zm3.75-1.5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zM3 8a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1 6a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2z"></path>
</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#创建应用">创建应用</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#nestcli">NestCLI</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#cli指令">CLI指令</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#platform平台">Platform(平台)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#platform-express">platform-express</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#platform-fastify">platform-fastify</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#目录">目录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#javascript">JavaScript</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="创建应用"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建应用"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建应用</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="nestcli"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#nestcli"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>NestCLI</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="https://docs.nestjs.com/">NestJS</a> 需要 <a href="https://nodejs.org">Node.js >= 12</a></p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> i <span class="token parameter variable">-g</span> @nestjs/cli
</span><span class="code-line">$ nest new project-name
</span></code></pre>
<p><a href="https://docs.nestjs.com/cli/overview">Nest CLI</a> 是一个命令行界面工具，可以帮助你初始化、开发和维护你的Nest应用程序，安装依赖并启动开发服务器</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>your-project-name<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> run start
</span></code></pre>
<p>当你准备将应用发布到生产环境时，请运行：</p>
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> run build
</span></code></pre>
<p>此命令会在 <code>./dist</code> 文件夹中为你的应用创建一个生产环境的构建版本</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="cli指令"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#cli指令"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>CLI指令</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="show-header left-align"><thead><tr><th align="left">命令</th><th>别名</th><th>描述</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>new</code></td><td>n</td><td>使用模板快速创建应用</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>generate</code></td><td>g</td><td>自动生成<code>Controller</code>、<code>Providers</code> 和 <code>Modules</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>build</code></td><td></td><td>打包并输出./dist目录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>start</code></td><td></td><td>打包并运行</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>add</code></td><td></td><td>安装一个符合Nest的库，同<code>npm install</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>info</code></td><td>i</td><td>输出系统信息、CLI版本和Nest Package信息</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header left-align-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="platform平台"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#platform平台"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Platform(平台)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<p>目前 <code>NestJS</code> 支持两个 <code>Node HTTP</code> 平台：<a href="https://expressjs.com/">Express</a> 和 <a href="https://www.fastify.io/">Fastify</a>。从技术上讲，一旦创建了适配器，Nest 便可以使用任何 Node HTTP 框架</p>
<h4 id="platform-express"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#platform-express"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>platform-express</h4>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-ts code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> NestFactory <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@nestjs/core'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AppModule <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./app.module'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> NestExpressApplication <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@nestjs/platform-express'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">bootstrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NestFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token generic-function"><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token generic class-name"><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>NestExpressApplication<span class="token operator">></span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>AppModule<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">await</span> app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">bootstrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<h4 id="platform-fastify"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#platform-fastify"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>platform-fastify</h4>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-ts code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> NestFactory <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@nestjs/core'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AppModule <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./app.module'</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> NestFastifyApplication <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@nestjs/platform-fastify'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">bootstrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> NestFactory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token generic-function"><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token generic class-name"><span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>NestFastifyApplication<span class="token operator">></span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>AppModule<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">enableCors</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 开启Cors</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">register</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fastifyCsrf<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token keyword">await</span> app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'0.0.0.0'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Application is running on: </span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getUrl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">bootstrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="目录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#目录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>目录</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">├── src <span class="token comment"># 源代码目录</span>
</span><span class="code-line">│   ├── app.module.ts <span class="token comment"># 应用程序的根模块</span>
</span><span class="code-line">│ ├── app.controller.spec.ts <span class="token comment"># 控制器的单元测试</span>
</span><span class="code-line">│ ├── app.controller.ts <span class="token comment"># 单个路由的基本控制器</span>
</span><span class="code-line">│ ├── app.service.ts <span class="token comment"># 具有单一方法的基本服务</span>
</span><span class="code-line">│ └── main.ts <span class="token comment"># 应用程序的入口文件</span>
</span><span class="code-line">│ <span class="token comment"># 它使用核心函数 NestFactory </span>
</span><span class="code-line">│ <span class="token comment"># 来创建 Nest 应用程序的实例</span>
</span><span class="code-line">└── <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token comment"># 测试目录</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> ├── app.e2e-spec.ts
</span><span class="code-line"> └── jest-e2e.json
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="javascript"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#javascript"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>JavaScript</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><code>NestCLI</code> 默认是使用<code>TypeScript</code>进行初始化项目的，如果需要使用<code>JavaScript</code>请使用以下指令</p>
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone https://github.com/nestjs/javascript-starter.git
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>javascript-starter<span class="token operator">></span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">npm</span> run start
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>需要<a href="https://docs.nestjs.com/first-steps#language">注意</a>的一点是，<code>JavaScript</code> 的版本是需要 <code>Babel</code> 的</p>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="https://docs.nestjs.com/">NestJs 官方文档</a></p>
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