buyfakett/reference
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference.git synced 2025-06-17 20:51:21 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Files
2d60888d318ed1de8d0a18e5430caabc0725846c
reference/docs/r.html
jaywcjlove 021dcc57aa website: update touch-icon. 7fb6ce9190
2024-10-14 20:17:05 +00:00

347 lines
42 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" data-color-mode="dark">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>R 备忘清单
&#x26; r cheatsheet &#x26; Quick Reference</title>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport">
<meta description="该备忘单提供了使用 R 语言的示例，涵盖 R 语言基础知识、控制流、类型、结构/类、运算符、函数方法等
入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
<meta keywords="r,reference,Quick,Reference,cheatsheet,cheat,sheet">
<meta name="author" content="jaywcjlove">
<meta name="license" content="MIT">
<meta name="funding" content="https://jaywcjlove.github.io/#/sponsor">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../icons/touch-icon-iphone.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="../icons/touch-icon-ipad.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="../icons/touch-icon-iphone.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="../icons/touch-icon-ipad-retina.png">
<meta rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="../icons/touch-icon-iphone-retina.png">
<link rel="icon" href="../icons/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
<link href="../style/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../style/katex.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body><nav class="header-nav"><div class="max-container"><a href="../index.html" class="logo"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em">
<path d="m21.66 10.44-.98 4.18c-.84 3.61-2.5 5.07-5.62 4.77-.5-.04-1.04-.13-1.62-.27l-1.68-.4c-4.17-.99-5.46-3.05-4.48-7.23l.98-4.19c.2-.85.44-1.59.74-2.2 1.17-2.42 3.16-3.07 6.5-2.28l1.67.39c4.19.98 5.47 3.05 4.49 7.23Z" fill="#c9d1d9"></path>
<path d="M15.06 19.39c-.62.42-1.4.77-2.35 1.08l-1.58.52c-3.97 1.28-6.06.21-7.35-3.76L2.5 13.28c-1.28-3.97-.22-6.07 3.75-7.35l1.58-.52c.41-.13.8-.24 1.17-.31-.3.61-.54 1.35-.74 2.2l-.98 4.19c-.98 4.18.31 6.24 4.48 7.23l1.68.4c.58.14 1.12.23 1.62.27Zm2.43-8.88c-.06 0-.12-.01-.19-.02l-4.85-1.23a.75.75 0 0 1 .37-1.45l4.85 1.23a.748.748 0 0 1-.18 1.47Z" fill="#228e6c"></path>
<path d="M14.56 13.89c-.06 0-.12-.01-.19-.02l-2.91-.74a.75.75 0 0 1 .37-1.45l2.91.74c.4.1.64.51.54.91-.08.34-.38.56-.72.56Z" fill="#228e6c"></path>
</svg>
<span class="title">Quick Reference</span></a><div class="menu"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="searchbtn" id="searchbtn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
<path fill="currentColor" d="M17.71,16.29 L14.31,12.9 C15.4069846,11.5024547 16.0022094,9.77665502 16,8 C16,3.581722 12.418278,0 8,0 C3.581722,0 0,3.581722 0,8 C0,12.418278 3.581722,16 8,16 C9.77665502,16.0022094 11.5024547,15.4069846 12.9,14.31 L16.29,17.71 C16.4777666,17.8993127 16.7333625,18.0057983 17,18.0057983 C17.2666375,18.0057983 17.5222334,17.8993127 17.71,17.71 C17.8993127,17.5222334 18.0057983,17.2666375 18.0057983,17 C18.0057983,16.7333625 17.8993127,16.4777666 17.71,16.29 Z M2,8 C2,4.6862915 4.6862915,2 8,2 C11.3137085,2 14,4.6862915 14,8 C14,11.3137085 11.3137085,14 8,14 C4.6862915,14 2,11.3137085 2,8 Z"></path>
</svg><span>搜索</span><span>⌘K</span></a><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/blob/main/docs/r.md" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 36 36" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="m33 6.4-3.7-3.7a1.71 1.71 0 0 0-2.36 0L23.65 6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v22a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h22a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V11.76l3-3a1.67 1.67 0 0 0 0-2.36ZM18.83 20.13l-4.19.93 1-4.15 9.55-9.57 3.23 3.23ZM29.5 9.43 26.27 6.2l1.85-1.85 3.23 3.23Z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h36v36H0z"></path></svg><span>编辑</span></a><button id="darkMode" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" class="light" height="1em" width="1em">
<path d="M6.995 12c0 2.761 2.246 5.007 5.007 5.007s5.007-2.246 5.007-5.007-2.246-5.007-5.007-5.007S6.995 9.239 6.995 12zM11 19h2v3h-2zm0-17h2v3h-2zm-9 9h3v2H2zm17 0h3v2h-3zM5.637 19.778l-1.414-1.414 2.121-2.121 1.414 1.414zM16.242 6.344l2.122-2.122 1.414 1.414-2.122 2.122zM6.344 7.759 4.223 5.637l1.415-1.414 2.12 2.122zm13.434 10.605-1.414 1.414-2.122-2.122 1.414-1.414z"></path>
</svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="dark" height="1em" width="1em">
<path d="M12 11.807A9.002 9.002 0 0 1 10.049 2a9.942 9.942 0 0 0-5.12 2.735c-3.905 3.905-3.905 10.237 0 14.142 3.906 3.906 10.237 3.905 14.143 0a9.946 9.946 0 0 0 2.735-5.119A9.003 9.003 0 0 1 12 11.807z"></path>
</svg>
</button><script src="../js/dark.js?v=1.8.0"></script><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.012 8.012 0 0 0 16 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><div class="wrap h1body-exist max-container"><header class="wrap-header h1wrap"><h1 id="r-备忘清单"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12 4.29c-5.5 0-10 3-10 6.71c0 3.28 3.56 6 8.24 6.58v2.13h3.41v-2.12c.85-.09 1.64-.25 2.39-.48l1.38 2.6h3.86l-2.32-3.91C20.83 14.58 22 12.87 22 11c0-3.71-4.5-6.71-10-6.71m1.53 2.62c4.2 0 7.3 1.4 7.3 4.59c0 1.71-.92 2.91-2.42 3.65c-.09-.05-.17-.1-.22-.15c-.36-.16-.96-.34-.96-.34s2.98-.22 2.98-3.19c0-2.97-3.12-3.02-3.12-3.02h-6.85v7.16c-2.55-.74-4.31-2.31-4.31-4.11c0-2.54 3.4-4.59 7.6-4.59m.15 3.98h2.07s.95-.05.95.94c0 .97-.95.97-.95.97h-2.07zm-.03 4.41h.92c.18 0 .27.05.43.2c.13.1.27.29.39.46c-.55.07-1.13.1-1.74.1z"></path></svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#r-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>R 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p>该备忘单提供了使用 R 语言的示例，涵盖 R 语言基础知识、控制流、类型、结构/类、运算符、函数方法等</p>
</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 4a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2zm3.75-1.5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zM3 8a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1 6a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2z"></path>
</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#获取帮助">获取帮助</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#下载和使用库">下载和使用库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#工作目录">工作目录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#基础入门">基础入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变量和赋值">变量和赋值</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#数据类型">数据类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#向量和列表">向量和列表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#数据框data-frame">数据框(Data Frame)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#函数">函数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#条件语句">条件语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#for-循环语句">for 循环语句</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#while-循环">while 循环</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#数据读取和输出">数据读取和输出</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#清理工作空间">清理工作空间</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#图形绘制">图形绘制</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#散点图">散点图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#直方图">直方图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#线图">线图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#绘制散点图">绘制散点图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#绘制直方图">绘制直方图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#绘制折线图">绘制折线图</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#向量">向量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#创建向量">创建向量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#选择向量元素">选择向量元素</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#按位置">按位置</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#按值">按值</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#命名向量">命名向量</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#重复向量的元素">重复向量的元素</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="获取帮助"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#获取帮助"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>获取帮助</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>访问帮助文件</p>
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line">?mean
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取特定功能的帮助</span>
</span><span class="code-line">help.search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'weighted mean'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在帮助文件中搜索单词或短语</span>
</span><span class="code-line">help<span class="token punctuation">(</span>package <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'dplyr'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查找软件包的帮助。</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>有关对象的更多信息</p>
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line">str<span class="token punctuation">(</span>iris<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取对象结构的摘要</span>
</span><span class="code-line">class<span class="token punctuation">(</span>iris<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查找对象所属的类</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="下载和使用库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#下载和使用库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>下载和使用库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line">install.packages<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'dplyr'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从 CRAN 下载并安装软件包</span>
</span><span class="code-line">install.packages<span class="token punctuation">(</span>“BiocManager”<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">library<span class="token punctuation">(</span>BiocManager<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">BiocManager<span class="token operator">::</span>install<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"dplyr"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用Bioconductor的BiocManager包下载并安装软件包</span>
</span><span class="code-line">devtools<span class="token operator">::</span>install_github<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"clusterProfiler"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 直接从github中下载并安装软件包</span>
</span><span class="code-line">library<span class="token punctuation">(</span>dplyr<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将包加载到会话中，使所有其功能可供使用</span>
</span><span class="code-line">dplyr<span class="token operator">::</span>select
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用包中的特定函数</span>
</span><span class="code-line">data<span class="token punctuation">(</span>iris<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 将内置数据集加载到环境中。</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="工作目录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#工作目录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>工作目录</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>查找当前工作目录（其中找到输入并发送输出）</p>
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line">getwd<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>更改当前工作目录</p>
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line">setwd<span class="token punctuation">(</span>‘C<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>file<span class="token operator">/</span>path’<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用 RStudio 中的项目来设置工作目录到您正在使用的文件夹</p>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="基础入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基础入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基础入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变量和赋值"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变量和赋值"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变量和赋值</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">x <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token comment"># 使用箭头赋值</span>
</span><span class="code-line">y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20</span> <span class="token comment"># 或者直接使用等号赋值</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数据类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">numeric_var <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> <span class="token number">3.14</span> <span class="token comment"># 数值型</span>
</span><span class="code-line">character_var <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> <span class="token string">"hello"</span> <span class="token comment"># 字符串</span>
</span><span class="code-line">logical_var <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> <span class="token boolean">TRUE</span> <span class="token comment"># 逻辑型</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="向量和列表"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#向量和列表"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>向量和列表</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 向量</span>
</span><span class="code-line">numeric_vector <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">character_vector <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"apple"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"orange"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"banana"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列表</span>
</span><span class="code-line">my_list <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> list<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"John"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> age <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> city <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"New York"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
<p>向量和操作</p>
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建向量</span>
</span><span class="code-line">numbers <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 计算向量的和</span>
</span><span class="code-line">sum_result <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">(</span>numbers<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 计算向量的平均值</span>
</span><span class="code-line">mean_result <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> mean<span class="token punctuation">(</span>numbers<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数据框data-frame"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据框data-frame"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据框(Data Frame)</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">my_df <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> data.frame<span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"John"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Alice"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> age <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建数据框</span>
</span><span class="code-line">student_data <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> data.frame<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> name <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"John"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Alice"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Bob"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> age <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> grade <span class="token operator">=</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"A"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"B"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"C"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 显示数据框</span>
</span><span class="code-line">print<span class="token punctuation">(</span>student_data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>函数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 定义函数</span>
</span><span class="code-line">add_numbers <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> result <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> a <span class="token operator">+</span> b
</span><span class="code-line"> return<span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 调用函数</span>
</span><span class="code-line">sum_result <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> add_numbers<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="条件语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#条件语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>条件语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Positive"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Non-positive"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="for-循环语句"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#for-循环语句"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>for 循环语句</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> print<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="while-循环"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#while-循环"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>while 循环</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line">counter <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>counter <span class="token operator">&#x3C;=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> print<span class="token punctuation">(</span>counter<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"> counter <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> counter <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="数据读取和输出"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#数据读取和输出"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据读取和输出</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 读取数据</span>
</span><span class="code-line">my_data <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> read.csv<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"data.csv"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 输出数据</span>
</span><span class="code-line">write.csv<span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"output.csv"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="清理工作空间"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#清理工作空间"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>清理工作空间</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-r code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 清空所有变量</span>
</span><span class="code-line">rm<span class="token punctuation">(</span>list <span class="token operator">=</span> ls<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 退出 R</span>
</span><span class="code-line">q<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="图形绘制"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#图形绘制"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>图形绘制</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="散点图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#散点图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>散点图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="直方图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#直方图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>直方图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">hist<span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="线图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#线图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>线图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-r"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"l"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="绘制散点图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#绘制散点图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>绘制散点图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">x <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">y <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Scatter Plot"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> xlab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"X-axis"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ylab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Y-axis"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="绘制直方图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#绘制直方图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>绘制直方图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">data <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">hist<span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> main <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Histogram"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> xlab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Value"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> col <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"lightblue"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="绘制折线图"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#绘制折线图"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>绘制折线图</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-R code-highlight"><span class="code-line">x <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">y <span class="token operator">&#x3C;-</span> c<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span><span class="code-line">plot<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"l"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> main <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Line Plot"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> xlab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"X-axis"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> ylab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Y-axis"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="向量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#向量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>向量</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建向量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建向量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建向量</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
<table><thead><tr><th>:-</th><th>-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>c(2, 4, 6)</code></td><td>2 4 6</td><td>将元素连接成向量</td></tr><tr><td><code>2:6</code></td><td>2 3 4 5 6</td><td>整数序列</td></tr><tr><td><code>seq(2, 3, by=0.5)</code></td><td>2.0 2.5 3.0</td><td>复杂的序列</td></tr><tr><td><code>rep(1:2, times=3)</code></td><td>1 2 1 2 1 2</td><td>重复向量</td></tr><tr><td><code>rep(1:2, each=3)</code></td><td>1 1 1 2 2 2</td><td>重复向量的元素</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="选择向量元素"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选择向量元素"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>选择向量元素</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
<h4 id="按位置"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#按位置"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>按位置</h4>
<table class="left-align"><thead><tr><th>:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>x[4]</code></td><td>第四个元素</td></tr><tr><td><code>x[-4]</code></td><td>除了第四个之外的所有</td></tr><tr><td><code>x[2:4]</code></td><td>元素二到四</td></tr><tr><td><code>x[-(2:4)]</code></td><td>除二到四之外的所有元素</td></tr><tr><td><code>x[c(1, 5)]</code></td><td>元素一和元素五</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=left-align-->
<h4 id="按值"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#按值"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>按值</h4>
<table class="left-align"><thead><tr><th>:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>x[x == 10]</code></td><td>等于 10 的元素</td></tr><tr><td><code>x[x &#x3C; 0]</code></td><td>所有元素小于零</td></tr><tr><td><code>x[x %in% c(1, 2, 5)]</code></td><td>集合 1, 2, 5 中的元素</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=left-align-->
<h4 id="命名向量"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#命名向量"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>命名向量</h4>
<table class="left-align"><thead><tr><th>:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>x['apple']</code></td><td>名为“apple”的元素。</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=left-align-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="重复向量的元素"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#重复向量的元素"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>重复向量的元素</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<table class="left-align"><thead><tr><th>:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>sort(x)</code></td><td>返回排序后的 x</td></tr><tr><td><code>rev(x)</code></td><td>返回 x 的反转</td></tr><tr><td><code>table(x)</code></td><td>查看值的计数</td></tr><tr><td><code>unique(x)</code></td><td>查看唯一值</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=left-align-->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blanket58.github.io/books/study-notes-of-R/">全面了解Base R</a> <em>(github.io)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://www.r-project.org/">R 语言官网</a> <em>(r-project.org)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://r4ds.hadley.nz/">数据科学 R</a> <em>(hadley.nz)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://www.tmwr.org/">使用 R 进行整洁的建模</a> <em>(tmwr.org)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://mlr3book.mlr-org.com/">在 R 中使用 mlr3 进行应用机器学习</a> <em>(mlr-org.com)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://srdas.github.io/DLBook/">深度学习</a> <em>(github.io)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://rdrr.io/">搜索任何与 R 相关的内容</a> <em>(rdrr.io)</em></li>
<li><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/">R 文档</a> <em>(rdocumentation.org)</em></li>
</ul>
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div></div><script src="https://giscus.app/client.js" data-repo="jaywcjlove/reference" data-repo-id="R_kgDOID2-Mw" data-category="Q&#x26;A" data-category-id="DIC_kwDOID2-M84CS5wo" data-mapping="pathname" data-strict="0" data-reactions-enabled="1" data-emit-metadata="0" data-input-position="bottom" data-theme="dark" data-lang="zh-CN" crossorigin="anonymous" async></script><div class="giscus"></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 <a href="https://wangchujiang.com/#/app" target="_blank">Kenny Wang</a>.</footer></footer><script src="../data.js?v=1.8.0" defer></script><script src="../js/fuse.min.js?v=1.8.0" defer></script><script src="../js/main.js?v=1.8.0" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
<path fill="currentColor" d="M17.71,16.29 L14.31,12.9 C15.4069846,11.5024547 16.0022094,9.77665502 16,8 C16,3.581722 12.418278,0 8,0 C3.581722,0 0,3.581722 0,8 C0,12.418278 3.581722,16 8,16 C9.77665502,16.0022094 11.5024547,15.4069846 12.9,14.31 L16.29,17.71 C16.4777666,17.8993127 16.7333625,18.0057983 17,18.0057983 C17.2666375,18.0057983 17.5222334,17.8993127 17.71,17.71 C17.8993127,17.5222334 18.0057983,17.2666375 18.0057983,17 C18.0057983,16.7333625 17.8993127,16.4777666 17.71,16.29 Z M2,8 C2,4.6862915 4.6862915,2 8,2 C11.3137085,2 14,4.6862915 14,8 C14,11.3137085 11.3137085,14 8,14 C4.6862915,14 2,11.3137085 2,8 Z"></path>
</svg><input id="mysearch-input" type="search" placeholder="搜索" autocomplete="off"><div class="mysearch-clear"></div></div><button id="mysearch-close" type="button">搜索</button></div><div class="mysearch-result"><div id="mysearch-menu"></div><div id="mysearch-content"></div></div></div></div></body>
</html>
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink