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& yum cheatsheet & Quick Reference</title>
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<span class="title">Quick Reference</span></a><div class="menu"><a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/blob/main/docs/yum.md" class="" target="__blank"><svg viewBox="0 0 36 36" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em"><path d="m33 6.4-3.7-3.7a1.71 1.71 0 0 0-2.36 0L23.65 6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v22a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h22a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V11.76l3-3a1.67 1.67 0 0 0 0-2.36ZM18.83 20.13l-4.19.93 1-4.15 9.55-9.57 3.23 3.23ZM29.5 9.43 26.27 6.2l1.85-1.85 3.23 3.23Z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h36v36H0z"></path></svg><span>编辑</span></a><button id="darkMode" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" class="light" height="1em" width="1em">
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</svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#yum-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>YUM 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>这个 YUM 快速参考备忘单显示了它的常用命令使用清单。</p>
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</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 4a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2zm3.75-1.5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zM3 8a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1 6a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2z"></path>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#yum-清单查询">YUM 清单查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#yum-查询">YUM 查询</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#help">help</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#单独的包">单独的包</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#list">list</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#info">info</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#deplist">deplist</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#provides">provides</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#search">search</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#updateinfo">updateinfo</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#包组">包组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#grouplist">grouplist</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#groupinfo">groupinfo</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#check-update">check-update</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#管理-yum-存储库">管理 YUM 存储库</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#repolist">repolist</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#repoinfo">repoinfo</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#repo-pkgs">repo-pkgs</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#makecache">makecache</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#故障排除和维护-yum">故障排除和维护 YUM</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#check">check</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#history">history</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#clean">clean</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#fssnapshot">fssnapshot</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#fs">fs</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#使用-yum-管理语言包">使用 YUM 管理语言包</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#langavailable">langavailable</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#langinfo">langinfo</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#langinstall">langinstall</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#langlist">langlist</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#langremove">langremove</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#使用-yum-安装删除和升级软件包">使用 YUM 安装、删除和升级软件包</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#install">install</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#update">update</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#update-to">update-to</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#upgrade">upgrade</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#localinstall">localinstall</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#downgrade">downgrade</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#reinstall">reinstall</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#swap">swap</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#eraseremove">erase/remove</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#autoremove">autoremove</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#groupinstall">groupinstall</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#更多-yum-相关命令安装-yum-utils-软件包">更多 YUM 相关命令（安装 yum-utils 软件包）</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#find-repos-of-install">find-repos-of-install</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#needs-restarting">needs-restarting</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#repoclosure">repoclosure</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#repoquery">repoquery</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#reposync">reposync</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#repotrack">repotrack</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#show-installed">show-installed</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#verifytree">verifytree</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#yum-complete-transaction">yum-complete-transaction</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#yumdb">yumdb</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" href="#yumdownloader">yumdownloader</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" href="#不同-yum-命令的常用选项">不同 YUM 命令的常用选项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="yum-清单查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#yum-清单查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>YUM 清单查询</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>yum（<code>Y</code>ellow dog <code>U</code>pdater, <code>M</code>odified）是一个在 <code>Fedora</code> 和 <code>RedHat</code> 以及 SUSE 中的 <code>Shell</code> 前端软件包管理器</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token punctuation">[</span>options<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>command<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>package <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<hr>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://yum.baseurl.org/">YUM 官方网站</a> <em>(yum.baseurl.org)</em></li>
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<li><a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-yum.html">Fedora 中的 Yum 文档</a> <em>(fedoraproject.org)</em></li>
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<li><a href="http://wiki.centos.org/PackageManagement/Yum/">CentOS 中的 Yum 文档</a> <em>(wiki.centos.org)</em></li>
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<li><a href="https://www.scientificlinux.org/documentation/faq/yum.apt.repo">Scientific Linux 中的 Yum 文档</a> <em>(scientificlinux.org)</em></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="yum-查询"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#yum-查询"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>YUM 查询</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>子命令描述和任务</p>
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<h4 id="help"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#help"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>help</h4>
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<p>显示 yum 命令和选项</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">yum <span class="token builtin class-name">help</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>显示 yum 子命令和选项</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="单独的包"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#单独的包"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>单独的包</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
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<h4 id="list"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#list"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>list</h4>
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<p>列出存储库中的包名称</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出存储库中的包名称</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">yum list available
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出所有可用的包</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">yum list installed
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出所有已安装的包</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">yum list all
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出已安装和可用的软件包</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">yum list kernel
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="info"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#info"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>info</h4>
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<p>列出已安装和可用的内核包</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出有关 `vsftpd` 软件包的信息</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ yum info vsftpd
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="deplist"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#deplist"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>deplist</h4>
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<p>显示包的依赖项</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ yum deplist nfs-utils
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>列出依赖项和提供它们的包</p>
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<h4 id="provides"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#provides"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>provides</h4>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查找提供查询文件的包</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ yum provides “*bin/top”
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 显示包含 README.top 文件的包</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ yum provides “*/README.top”
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="search"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#search"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>search</h4>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查找名称或描述中带有 samba 的软件包</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ yum search samba
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="updateinfo"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#updateinfo"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>updateinfo</h4>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 获取有关可用软件包更新的信息</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">$ yum updateinfo security
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>获取有关可用 security 更新的信息</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="包组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#包组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>包组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<h4 id="grouplist"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#grouplist"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>grouplist</h4>
|
||
<p>列出已安装和可用软件包组的名称</p>
|
||
<h4 id="groupinfo"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#groupinfo"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>groupinfo</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 查看 Web 服务器组中的包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum groupinfo <span class="token string">"Web Server"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="check-update"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#check-update"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>check-update</h4>
|
||
<p>查询存储库以获取可用的软件包更新</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="管理-yum-存储库"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#管理-yum-存储库"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>管理 YUM 存储库</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<h4 id="repolist"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#repolist"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>repolist</h4>
|
||
<p>显示启用的软件存储库</p>
|
||
<h4 id="repoinfo"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#repoinfo"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>repoinfo</h4>
|
||
<p>显示有关启用的 <code>yum</code> 存储库的信息 *</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ yum repoinfo rhel-7-server-rpms
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>请参阅有关 rhel-7-server-rpms 存储库的信息</p>
|
||
<h4 id="repo-pkgs"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#repo-pkgs"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>repo-pkgs</h4>
|
||
<p>使用特定存储库中的包 *</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出来自 my-rpms 存储库的软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum repo-pkgs my-rpms list
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从 my-rpms repo 安装所有软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum repo-pkgs my-rpms <span class="token function">install</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从 my-rpms 存储库中删除所有软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum repo-pkgs my-rpms remove
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="makecache"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#makecache"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>makecache</h4>
|
||
<p>下载 <code>yum</code> 存储库数据到缓存</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="故障排除和维护-yum"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#故障排除和维护-yum"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>故障排除和维护 YUM</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<h4 id="check"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#check"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>check</h4>
|
||
<p>检查本地 RPM 数据库是否有问题（运行了很长时间）</p>
|
||
<h4 id="history"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#history"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>history</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出所有 yum 安装、更新和清理操作</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token function">history</span> list
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 显示 yum info 3 的详细信息</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token function">history</span> info <span class="token number">3</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 撤消事务 3 中的 yum 操作</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token function">history</span> undo <span class="token number">3</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 重做事务 3 中撤消的 yum 操作</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token function">history</span> redo <span class="token number">3</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="clean"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#clean"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>clean</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除缓存中保存的包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum clean packages
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从缓存中清除所有包和元数据</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum clean all
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>清除缓存的包数据</p>
|
||
<h4 id="fssnapshot"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#fssnapshot"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>fssnapshot</h4>
|
||
<p>列出 LVM 快照（帮助在包更新后回滚）</p>
|
||
<h4 id="fs"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#fs"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>fs</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出启用的文件系统过滤器</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum fs filters
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 过滤所有正在安装的文档（小心！）</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum fs documentation
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>对文件系统采取行动（防止在最小系统上安装 doc 或语言文件）非常有用！</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="使用-yum-管理语言包"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-yum-管理语言包"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>使用 YUM 管理语言包</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<h4 id="langavailable"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#langavailable"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>langavailable</h4>
|
||
<p>列出已安装的语言 *</p>
|
||
<h4 id="langinfo"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#langinfo"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>langinfo</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 列出与西班牙语相关的软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum langinfo es
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="langinstall"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#langinstall"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>langinstall</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 安装与西班牙语相关的软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum langinstall es
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="langlist"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#langlist"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>langlist</h4>
|
||
<p>列出已安装的语言 *</p>
|
||
<h4 id="langremove"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#langremove"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>langremove</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除与西班牙语相关的软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum langremove es
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="使用-yum-安装删除和升级软件包"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-yum-安装删除和升级软件包"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>使用 YUM 安装、删除和升级软件包</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||
<h4 id="install"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#install"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>install</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 安装 vsftpd 包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token function">install</span> vsftpd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="update"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#update"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>update</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用可用更新更新所有软件包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum update
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 更新 httpd 包（如果可用）</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum update httpd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 应用与安全相关的包更新</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum update <span class="token parameter variable">--security</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="update-to"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#update-to"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>update-to</h4>
|
||
<p>将一个或所有软件包更新到特定版本</p>
|
||
<h4 id="upgrade"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#upgrade"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>upgrade</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ yum <span class="token parameter variable">-y</span> upgrade
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>更新包考虑过时，只升级所有包，不升级软件和系统内核</p>
|
||
<h4 id="localinstall"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#localinstall"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>localinstall</h4>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从本地文件、http 或 ftp 安装包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum localinstall abc-1-1.i686.rpm
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从本地目录安装 abc 包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum localinstall http://myrepo/abc-1-1.i686.rpm
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>从 FTP 站点安装 abc</p>
|
||
<h4 id="downgrade"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#downgrade"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>downgrade</h4>
|
||
<p>将软件包降级到早期版本</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ yum downgrade abc
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>将 abc 包降级到早期版本</p>
|
||
<h4 id="reinstall"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#reinstall"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>reinstall</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 重新安装 util-linux（以替换任何已删除的文件）</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum reinstall util-linux
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="swap"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#swap"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>swap</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除 ftp 包并安装 lftp 包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum swap <span class="token function">ftp</span> lftp
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="eraseremove"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#eraseremove"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>erase/remove</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除 vsftpd 包和依赖</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum remove vsftpd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="autoremove"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#autoremove"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>autoremove</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 删除 httpd 和其他不需要的包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum autoremove httpd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="groupinstall"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#groupinstall"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>groupinstall</h4>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 安装 Web 服务器包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yum groupinstall <span class="token string">"Web server"</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更多-yum-相关命令安装-yum-utils-软件包"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更多-yum-相关命令安装-yum-utils-软件包"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更多 YUM 相关命令（安装 yum-utils 软件包）</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<h4 id="find-repos-of-install"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#find-repos-of-install"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>find-repos-of-install</h4>
|
||
<p>查找包来自哪个存储库</p>
|
||
<h4 id="needs-restarting"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#needs-restarting"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>needs-restarting</h4>
|
||
<p>查找已更新且需要重启的进程</p>
|
||
<h4 id="repoclosure"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#repoclosure"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>repoclosure</h4>
|
||
<p>从存储库中获取未满足的依赖项列表</p>
|
||
<h4 id="repoquery"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#repoquery"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>repoquery</h4>
|
||
<p>查询远程仓库和本地 <code>RPM</code> 数据库</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 显示依赖包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ repoquery <span class="token parameter variable">--requires</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--resolve</span> <span class="token function">bash</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="reposync"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#reposync"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>reposync</h4>
|
||
<p>将 <code>yum</code> 存储库同步到本地目录</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从 repo 获取包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ reposync <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> rhel-atomic-host-beta-rpms
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="repotrack"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#repotrack"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>repotrack</h4>
|
||
<p>下载一个包及其所有依赖项</p>
|
||
<h4 id="show-installed"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#show-installed"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>show-installed</h4>
|
||
<p>列出已安装的 RPM 包和统计信息</p>
|
||
<h4 id="verifytree"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#verifytree"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>verifytree</h4>
|
||
<p>检查本地 yum 存储库的一致性</p>
|
||
<h4 id="yum-complete-transaction"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#yum-complete-transaction"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>yum-complete-transaction</h4>
|
||
<p>尝试完成未完成的 yum 交易</p>
|
||
<h4 id="yumdb"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#yumdb"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>yumdb</h4>
|
||
<p>检查或更改 yum 数据库</p>
|
||
<h4 id="yumdownloader"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#yumdownloader"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>yumdownloader</h4>
|
||
<pre class="wrap-text"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用本地源离线安装 net-tools 工具包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yumdownloader net-tools.x86_64
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用 –destdir 参数设置下载的目标目录</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yumdownloader net-tools.x86_64 <span class="token parameter variable">--destdir</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin/
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用 –resolve 参数解决依赖关系并下载所需的安装包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">$ yumdownloader net-tools.x86_64 <span class="token parameter variable">--resolve</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--destdir</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin/
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text-->
|
||
<p>从 repo 下载一个包到当前目录</p>
|
||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="不同-yum-命令的常用选项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#不同-yum-命令的常用选项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>不同 YUM 命令的常用选项</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">yum <span class="token parameter variable">--disableplugin</span><span class="token operator">=</span>langpacks info vsftpd
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 显示与正在运行的进程相关的包</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">yum <span class="token parameter variable">--enableplugin</span><span class="token operator">=</span>ps <span class="token function">ps</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">yum <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token function">docker</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token parameter variable">--enablerepo</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rhel-7-server-extras-rpm
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">yum list available <span class="token parameter variable">--disablerepo</span><span class="token operator">=</span>epel
|
||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 下载 vsftpd 包到缓存</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line">yum <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--downloadonly</span> vsftpd
|
||
</span></code></pre>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<table class="style-list"><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-y</code></td><td>如果出现提示，假设是</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--assumeno</code></td><td>如果提示，则假设否</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-q</code></td><td>不产生任何输出</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>产生额外的调试输出</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--noplugins</code></td><td>运行命令而不加载任何 yum 插件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--disableplugin=</code></td><td>禁用单个命令的特定插件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--enableplugin=</code></td><td>启用已安装但当前已禁用的插件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--enablerepo=</code></td><td>为单个命令启用当前禁用的 repo（通配符可以）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--disablerepo=</code></td><td>为单个命令禁用当前启用的 repo（通配符可以）</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--downloadonly</code></td><td>下载到 <code>/var/cache/yum/arch/prod/repo/packages/</code>，但不要安装</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--filter-???=</code></td><td>代替???与vendors, rpm-groups, arches 和其他人一起过滤输出</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--changelog</code></td><td>显示包的变更日志信息</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
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<!--rehype:className=style-list-->
|
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://yum.baseurl.org/">YUM 官方网站</a> <em>(yum.baseurl.org)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/sites/default/files/attachments/rh_yum_cheatsheet_1214_jcs_print-1.pdf">YUM 备忘清单(适用于红帽 RedHad 企业 Linux)</a> <em>(access.redhat.com)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://prefetch.net/articles/yum.html">用 yum 管理软件包</a> <em>(prefetch.net)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-yum.html">Fedora 中的 Yum 文档</a> <em>(fedoraproject.org)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://wiki.centos.org/PackageManagement/Yum/">CentOS 中的 Yum 文档</a> <em>(wiki.centos.org)</em></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.scientificlinux.org/documentation/faq/yum.apt.repo">Scientific Linux 中的 Yum 文档</a> <em>(scientificlinux.org)</em></li>
|
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</ul>
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