LaTeX 备忘清单

本备忘单总结了 LaTeX 常用显示数学符号的参考列表和一些 KaTeX 的应用示例。

入门

介绍

LaTeX 基于 TEX 的排版系统,适用于生成高印刷质量的科技和数学、物理文档。

KaTeX 只处理 LaTeX 的数学符号的一个更小的子集,用于 web 上展示

示例

f(x)=fξ^e2πiξxdξ% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,d\xi

行内展示

基于 KaTeX 在一行
展示示例: `KaTeX:\int_0^\infty x^2 dx`

基于 KaTeX 在一行展示示例: 0x2dx\int_0^\infty x^2 dx

Supported Functions

Accents

:-:-:-
aa' a'a~\tilde{a} \tilde{a}g˚\mathring{g} \mathring{g}
aa'' a''ac~\widetilde{ac} \widetilde{ac}AB\overgroup{AB} \overgroup{AB}
aa^{\prime} a^{\prime}AB~\utilde{AB} \utilde{AB}AB\undergroup{AB} \undergroup{AB}
aˊ\acute{a} \acute{a}F\vec{F} \vec{F}AB\Overrightarrow{AB} \Overrightarrow{AB}
yˉ\bar{y} \bar{y}AB\overleftarrow{AB} \overleftarrow{AB}AB\overrightarrow{AB} \overrightarrow{AB}
a˘\breve{a} \breve{a}AB\underleftarrow{AB} \underleftarrow{AB}AB\underrightarrow{AB} \underrightarrow{AB}
aˇ\check{a} \check{a}ac\overleftharpoon{ac} \overleftharpoon{ac}ac\overrightharpoon{ac} \overrightharpoon{ac}
a˙\dot{a} \dot{a}AB\overleftrightarrow{AB} \overleftrightarrow{AB}AB\overbrace{AB} \overbrace{AB}
a¨\ddot{a} \ddot{a}AB\underleftrightarrow{AB} \underleftrightarrow{AB}AB\underbrace{AB} \underbrace{AB}
aˋ\grave{a} \grave{a}AB\overline{AB} \overline{AB}ABundefined\overlinesegment{AB} \overlinesegment{AB}
θ^\hat{\theta} \hat{\theta}AB\underline{AB} \underline{AB}ABundefined\underlinesegment{AB} \underlinesegment{AB}
ac^\widehat{ac} \widehat{ac}acˇ\widecheck{ac} \widecheck{ac}X\underbar{X} \underbar{X}

\text{…}中的强调功能

:-:-:-
aˊ\'{a} \'{a}a˜\~{a} \~{a}
a˙\.{a} \.{a}a˝\H{a} \H{a}
aˋ\\\`{a} \`{a}aˉ\={a} \={a}
a¨\"{a} \"{a}aˇ\v{a} \v{a}
aˆ\^{a} \^{a}a˘\u{a} \u{a}
a˚\r{a} \r{a}

Delimiter Sizing

:-:-
(AB)\left(\LARGE{AB}\right)\left(\LARGE{AB}\right)
(((((( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(

:-:-:-:-:-
\left\big\bigl\bigm\bigr
\middle\Big\Bigl\Bigm\Bigr
\right\bigg\biggl\biggm\biggr
``\Bigg\Biggl\Biggm\Biggr

希腊和希伯来字母 Greek and Hebrew letters

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
α\alpha\alphaκ\kappa\kappaψ\psi\psiϝ\digamma\digammaΔ\Delta\DeltaΘ\Theta\Theta
β\beta\betaλ\lambda\lambdaρ\rho\rhoε\varepsilon\varepsilonΓ\Gamma\GammaΥ\Upsilon\Upsilon
χ\chi\chiμ\mu\muσ\sigma\sigmaϰ\varkappa\varkappaΛ\Lambda\LambdaΞ\Xi\Xi
δ\delta\deltaν\nu\nuτ\tau\tauφ\varphi\varphiΩ\Omega\Omega
ϵ\epsilon\epsilonoooθ\theta\thetaϖ\varpi\varpiΦ\Phi\Phi\aleph\aleph
η\eta\etaω\omega\omegaυ\upsilon\upsilonϱ\varrho\varrhoΠ\Pi\Pi\beth\beth
γ\gamma\gammaϕ\phi\phiξ\xi\xiς\varsigma\varsigmaΨ\Psi\Psi\daleth\daleth
ι\iota\iotaπ\pi\piζ\zeta\zetaϑ\vartheta\varthetaΣ\Sigma\Sigma\gimel\gimel

字母和 Unicode

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
A\Alpha\AlphaB\Beta\BetaΓ\Gamma\GammaΔ\Delta\Delta
E\Epsilon\EpsilonZ\Zeta\ZetaH\Eta\EtaΘ\Theta\Theta
I\Iota\IotaK\Kappa\KappaΛ\Lambda\LambdaM\Mu\Mu
N\Nu\NuΞ\Xi\XiO\Omicron\OmicronΠ\Pi\Pi
P\Rho\RhoΣ\Sigma\SigmaT\Tau\TauΥ\Upsilon\Upsilon
Φ\Phi\PhiX\Chi\ChiΨ\Psi\PsiΩ\Omega\Omega
Γ\varGamma\varGammaΔ\varDelta\varDeltaΘ\varTheta\varThetaΛ\varLambda\varLambda
Ξ\varXi\varXiΠ\varPi\varPiΣ\varSigma\varSigmaΥ\varUpsilon\varUpsilon
Φ\varPhi\varPhiΨ\varPsi\varPsiΩ\varOmega\varOmega
α\alpha\alphaβ\beta\betaγ\gamma\gammaδ\delta\delta
ϵ\epsilon\epsilonζ\zeta\zetaη\eta\etaθ\theta\theta
ι\iota\iotaκ\kappa\kappaλ\lambda\lambdaμ\mu\mu
ν\nu\nuξ\xi\xiο\omicron\omicronπ\pi\pi
ρ\rho\rhoσ\sigma\sigmaτ\tau\tauυ\upsilon\upsilon
ϕ\phi\phiχ\chi\chiψ\psi\psiω\omega\omega
ε\varepsilon\varepsilonϰ\varkappa\varkappaϑ\vartheta\varthetaϑ\thetasym\thetasym
ϖ\varpi\varpiϱ\varrho\varrhoς\varsigma\varsigmaφ\varphi\varphi
ϝ\digamma\digamma

注解

:-:-:-:-:-
5\cancel{5}\cancel{5}a+b+cnote\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
5\bcancel{5}\bcancel{5}a+b+cnote\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
ABC\xcancel{ABC}\xcancel{ABC}\not =\not =
abc\sout{abc}\sout{abc}π=cd\boxed{\pi=\frac c d}\boxed{\pi=\frac c d}
$an\$a_{\angl n} MD语法冲突$a_{\angl n}ana_\anglna_\angln
78\phase{-78^\circ}\phase{-78^\circ}

\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2x(hi)\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2xhi\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

垂直布局

:-:-:-:-:-:-
xnx_nx_n=!\stackrel{!}{=}\stackrel{!}{=}aba \atop ba \atop b
exe^xe^x=!\overset{!}{=}\overset{!}{=}abca\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}ca\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c
uo_u^o_u^o=!\underset{!}{=}\underset{!}{=}a+(abc)a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)
0<i<m0<j<n\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}

重叠和间距

:-:-:-:-
=/{=}\mathllap{/\,} {=}\mathllap{/,}(x2)\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)
/=\mathrlap{\,/}{=} \mathrlap{,/}{=}y\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}

\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

1ijnxij\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

LaTeX\LaTeX math constructs

预览方法预览方法预览方法
abcxyz\frac{abc}{xyz}\frac{abc}{xyz}abc\overline{abc}\overline{abc}abc\overrightarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc}
ff'f'abc\underline{abc}\underline{abc}abc\overleftarrow{abc}\overleftarrow{abc}
abc\sqrt{abc}\sqrt{abc}abc^\widehat{abc}\widehat{abc}abc\overbrace{abc}\overbrace{abc}
abcn\sqrt[n]{abc}\sqrt[n]{abc}abc~\widetilde{abc}\widetilde{abc}abc\underbrace{abc}\underbrace{abc}

分隔符 Delimiters

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
()()()()\lparen \rparen\lparen \rparen⌈ ⌉⌈ ⌉\lceil \rceil\lceil \rceil\uparrow\uparrow
[][][][]\lbrack \rbrack\lbrack \rbrack⌊ ⌋⌊ ⌋\lfloor \rfloor\lfloor \rfloor\downarrow\downarrow
{}\{ \}{}{}\lbrace \rbrace\lbrace \rbrace⎰⎱⎰⎱\lmoustache \rmoustache\lmoustache \rmoustache\updownarrow\updownarrow
⟨ ⟩⟨⟩\langle \rangle\langle \rangle⟮ ⟯⟮ ⟯\lgroup \rgroup\lgroup \rgroup\Uparrow\Uparrow
|\vert\vert┌ ┐┌ ┐\ulcorner \urcorner\ulcorner \urcorner\Downarrow\Downarrow
| (MD语法冲突)\|\Vert\Vert└ ┘└ ┘\llcorner \lrcorner\llcorner \lrcorner\Updownarrow\Updownarrow
∣ ∣\lvert \rvert\lVert \rVert\lVert \rVert\left.\right.\\backslash\backslash
\lang \rang\lang \rang<>\lt \gt\lt \gt⟦ ⟧⟦ ⟧\llbracket \rrbracket\llbracket \rrbracket\lBrace \rBrace\lBrace \rBrace

可以使用一对表达式 \left s1s_1\right s2s_2 来将分隔符 s1s_1s2s_2 的高度与其内容的高度进行匹配,例如:

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
\left|exprexpr\right|\left\{exprexpr\right\}\left\Vertexprexpr\right.

可变大小的符号

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
\sum\sum\int\int\biguplus\biguplus\bigoplus\bigoplus\bigvee\bigvee
\prod\prod\oint\oint\bigcap\bigcap\bigotimes\bigotimes\bigwedge\bigwedge
\coprod\coprod\iint\iint\bigcup\bigcup\bigodot\bigodot\bigodot\bigodot

标准函数名称

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
arccos\arccos\arccosarcsin\arcsin\arcsinarcsin\arcsin\arcsinarg\arg\arg
cos\cos\coscosh\cosh\coshcot\cot\cotcoth\coth\coth
csc\csc\cscdeg\deg\degdet\det\detdim\dim\dim
exp\exp\expgcd\gcd\gcdhom\hom\hominf\inf\inf
ker\ker\kerlg\lg\lglim\lim\limlim inf\liminf\liminf
lim sup\limsup\limsupln\ln\lnlog\log\logmax\max\max
min\min\minPr\Pr\Prsec\sec\secsin\sin\sin
sinh\sinh\sinhsup\sup\suptan\tan\tantanh\tanh\tanh

函数名应该用罗马字体,而不是斜体,例如:

:-:-:-:-
Correct:\tan(at-n\pi)\rightarrowtan(atnπ)\tan(at-n\pi)
Incorrect:tan(at-n\pi)\rightarrowtan(atnπ)tan(at-n\pi)

逻辑与集合论

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
\forall\forall\complement\complement\therefore\therefore\emptyset\emptyset
\exists\exists\subset\subset\because\because\empty\empty
\exist\exist\supset\supset\mapsto\mapsto\varnothing\varnothing
\nexists\nexists\mid\mid\to\to    \implies\implies
\in\in\land\land\gets\gets    \impliedby\impliedby
\isin\isin\lor\lor\leftrightarrow\leftrightarrow    \iff\iff
\notin\notin\ni\ni\notni\notni¬\neg ¬\lnot\neg\lnot

:-:-:-:-
{x  |  x<12}\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 }\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 }{xx<5}\set{x|x<5}\set{x|x<5}

运算符

数学运算符

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
arcsin\arcsin\arcsincosec\cosec\cosecdeg\deg\degsec\sec\sec
arccos\arccos\arccoscosh\cosh\coshdim\dim\dimsin\sin\sin
arctan\arctan\arctancot\cot\cotexp\exp\expsinh\sinh\sinh
arctg\arctg\arctgcotg\cotg\cotghom\hom\homsh\sh\sh
arcctg\arcctg\arcctgcoth\coth\cothker\ker\kertan\tan\tan
arg\arg\argcsc\csc\csclg\lg\lgtanh\tanh\tanh
ch\ch\chctg\ctg\ctgln\ln\lntg\tg\tg
cos\cos\coscth\cth\cthlog\log\logth\th\th
f\operatorname{f}\operatorname{f}
arg max\argmax\argmaxinj lim\injlim\injlimmin\min\minlim\varinjlim\varinjlim
arg min\argmin\argminlim\lim\limplim\plim\plimlim\varliminf\varliminf
det\det\detlim inf\liminf\liminfPr\Pr\Prlim\varlimsup\varlimsup
gcd\gcd\gcdlim sup\limsup\limsupproj lim\projlim\projlimlim\varprojlim\varprojlim
inf\inf\infmax\max\maxsup\sup\supf\operatorname*{f}\operatorname*{f}
f\operatornamewithlimits{f}\operatornamewithlimits{f}

大运算符

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
\sum\sum\prod\prod\bigotimes\bigotimes\bigvee\bigvee
\int\int\coprod\coprod\bigoplus\bigoplus\bigwedge\bigwedge
\iint\iint\intop\intop\bigodot\bigodot\bigcap\bigcap
\iiint\iiint\smallint\smallint\biguplus\biguplus\bigcup\bigcup

分数和二项式

:-:-:-:-
ab\frac{a}{b}\frac{a}{b}ab\tfrac{a}{b}\tfrac{a}{b}
ab{a \over b}{a \over b}ab\dfrac{a}{b}\dfrac{a}{b}
(aa+1]\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}ab+1{a \above{2pt} b+1}{a \above{2pt} b+1}
a/ba/ba/ba1+1b\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}
:-:-:-:-
(nk)\binom{n}{k}\binom{n}{k}(nk)\dbinom{n}{k}\dbinom{n}{k}
{nk}{n\brace k}{n\brace k}(nk){n \choose k}{n \choose k}
(nk)\tbinom{n}{k}\tbinom{n}{k}[nk]{n\brack k}{n\brack k}

\sqrt

:-:-:-:-
x\sqrt{x}\sqrt{x}x3\sqrt[3]{x}\sqrt[3]{x}

Environments

Environments 1

abcd\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}
\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}

Environments 2

abcd\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}
\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}

Environments 3

(abcd)\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}

Environments 4

[abcd]\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}

Environments 5

abcd\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}
\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}

Environments 6

abcd\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}
\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}

Environments 7

{abcd}\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}
\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}

Environments 8

abcdefghi\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}

Environments 9

x={aif bcif dx = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}
x = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}

Environments 10

aif bcif d}\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…
\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…

Environments 11

abcd\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}
\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}

Environments 12

iΛ0<j<n\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}
\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}

Environments 13

a=b+c=e+f\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Environments 14

a=b+cd+e=f\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}
\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}

Environments 15

a=be=b+c\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}
\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}

Environments 16

10x+3y=23x+13y=4\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}
\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}

Environments 17

AaBbcC=D\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}
\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}

样式、颜色、大小和字体

Color 颜色

:-:-
F=ma\color{blue} F=ma\color{blue} F=ma
F=ma\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
F=ma\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
F=ma\colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}\colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}
F=ma\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}

Font 字体

:-:-:-:-:-:-
AB\Huge AB\Huge ABAB\normalsize AB\normalsize ABAB\normalsize AB\normalsize AB
AB\huge AB\huge ABAB\huge AB\huge ABAB\small AB\small AB
AB\LARGE AB\LARGE ABAB\LARGE AB\LARGE ABAB\footnotesize AB\footnotesize AB
AB\Large AB\Large ABAB\Large AB\Large ABAB\scriptsize AB\scriptsize AB
AB\large AB\large ABAB\large AB\large ABAB\tiny AB\tiny AB

Style 样式

:-:-:-:-
i=1n\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^ni=1n\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
x\scriptstyle x\scriptstyle xx\scriptscriptstyle x\scriptscriptstyle x
limx\lim\limits_x\lim\limits_xlimx\lim\nolimits_x\lim\nolimits_x
x^2\verb!x^2!\verb!x^2!

另见