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4
.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/cheatsheet-request.md
vendored
4
.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/cheatsheet-request.md
vendored
@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ assignees: jaywcjlove
|
||||
提供参考资料地址
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
- [参考地址 1](https://xxx.com)
|
||||
- [官网地址](https://xxx.com)
|
||||
- [提供 参考地址 1](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/reference)
|
||||
- [提供 官网地址](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/reference)
|
||||
12
README.md
12
README.md
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Quick Reference
|
||||
[Golang](./docs/golang.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(39 160 193/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[INI](./docs/ini.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(57 59 60/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[JSON](./docs/json.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(57 59 60/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Java](./docs/java.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(211 55 49/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));&class=contributing-->
|
||||
[Markdown](./docs/markdown.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(103 61 156/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[MySQL](./docs/mysql.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(103 61 156/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Swift](./docs/swift.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(240 81 57/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ Quick Reference
|
||||
[CSS 3](./docs/css.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(35 115 205/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Electron](./docs/electron.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(0 72 153/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Emmet](./docs/emmet.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(122 203 23/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[ES 6](./docs/es6.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(122 203 23/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Styled Components](./docs/styled-components.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(221 60 184/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Stylus](./docs/stylus.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(109 161 63/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Sass](./docs/sass.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(207 100 154/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ Quick Reference
|
||||
[RegEx](./docs/regex.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(149 36 155/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[TypeScript](./docs/typescript.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(49 120 198/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Vue 2](./docs/vue2.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(64 184 131/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Vue 3 (努力中...)](./docs/vue.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(64 184 131/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Vue 3 ](./docs/vue.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(64 184 131/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));&class=contributing-->
|
||||
<!--rehype:class=home-card-->
|
||||
|
||||
## Nodejs
|
||||
@ -73,15 +75,17 @@ Quick Reference
|
||||
|
||||
## Linux 命令
|
||||
|
||||
[Awk](./docs/awk.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Curl](./docs/curl.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Chmod](./docs/chmod.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Cron](./docs/cron.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(239 68 68/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Git](./docs/git.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(215 89 62/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Grep](./docs/grep.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[find](./docs/find.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[htop](./docs/htop.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Find](./docs/find.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Htop](./docs/htop.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Home Brew](./docs/homebrew.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(252 185 87/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Netstat](./docs/netstat.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Lsof](./docs/lsof.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Netcat](./docs/netcat.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(4 92 135/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Sed](./docs/sed.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[SSH](./docs/ssh.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(99 99 99/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
@ -95,7 +99,9 @@ Quick Reference
|
||||
[Colors Named](./docs/colors-named.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[HTTP 状态码](./docs/http-status-code.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[HTML 字符实体](./docs/html-char.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[ISO 639-1 Language Code](./docs/iso-639-1.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Emoji](./docs/emoji.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[MIME types](./docs/mime.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
[Resolutions](./docs/resolutions.md)<!--rehype:style=background: rgb(16 185 129/var(\-\-bg\-opacity));-->
|
||||
<!--rehype:class=home-card-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
788
docs/awk.md
Normal file
788
docs/awk.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
|
||||
Awk 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
这是 [GNU awk](https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html) 的单页快速参考备忘单，其中涵盖了常用的 `awk` 表达式和命令。
|
||||
|
||||
入门
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
### 试试
|
||||
|
||||
该程序可用于选择文件中的特定记录并对其执行操作
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ awk -F: '{print $1, $NF}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
| - | - | - |
|
||||
|---|---------------|---------------------------|
|
||||
| | `-F:` | 冒号作为分隔符 |
|
||||
| | `{...}` | awk 程序 |
|
||||
| | `print` | 打印当前记录 |
|
||||
| | `$1` | 第一个字段 |
|
||||
| | `$NF` | 最后一个字段 |
|
||||
| | `/etc/passwd` | 输入数据文件 |
|
||||
|
||||
### Awk 程序
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
BEGIN {<初始化>}
|
||||
<pattern 1> {<计划动作>}
|
||||
<pattern 2> {<计划动作>}
|
||||
...
|
||||
END {< 最后的动作 >}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 示例
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
awk '
|
||||
BEGIN { print "\n>>>Start" }
|
||||
!/(login|shutdown)/ { print NR, $0 }
|
||||
END { print "<<<END\n" }
|
||||
' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 变量
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$1 $2/$(NF-1) $3/$NF
|
||||
▼ ▼ ▼
|
||||
┌──────┬──────────────┬───────┐
|
||||
$0/NR ▶ │ ID │ WEBSITE │ URI │
|
||||
├──────┼──────────────┼───────┤
|
||||
$0/NR ▶ │ 1 │ baidu.com │ awk │
|
||||
├──────┼──────────────┼───────┤
|
||||
$0/NR ▶ │ 2 │ google.com │ 25 │
|
||||
└──────┴──────────────┴───────┘
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# 第一个和最后一个字段
|
||||
awk -F: '{print $1,$NF}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
# 带行号
|
||||
awk -F: '{print NR, $0}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
# 倒数第二个字段
|
||||
awk -F: '{print $(NF-1)}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
# 自定义字符串
|
||||
awk -F: '{print $1 "=" $6}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Awk 变量](#awk-变量)
|
||||
|
||||
### Awk 程序示例
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2 col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {print "hello world"}' # 打印 "hello world"
|
||||
awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd # -F: 指定字段分隔符
|
||||
# /pattern/ 仅对匹配的模式执行操作
|
||||
awk -F: '/root/ {print $1}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
# BEGIN 块在开始时执行一次
|
||||
awk -F: 'BEGIN { print "uid"} { print $1 }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
# END 块在最后执行一次
|
||||
awk -F: '{print $1} END { print "-done-"}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 条件
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
awk -F: '$3>30 {print $1}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Conditions 条件](#awk-条件)
|
||||
|
||||
### 生成 1000 个空格
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN{
|
||||
while (a++ < 1000)
|
||||
s=s " ";
|
||||
print s
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Loops](#awk-循环)
|
||||
|
||||
### 数组 Arrays
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
fruits["mango"] = "yellow";
|
||||
fruits["orange"] = "orange"
|
||||
for(fruit in fruits) {
|
||||
print fruit " 的颜色是 " fruits[fruit]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Awk 数组](#awk-数组)
|
||||
|
||||
### 函数 Functions
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# => 5
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN{print length("hello")}'
|
||||
# => HELLO
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN{print toupper("hello")}'
|
||||
# => hel
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN{print substr("hello", 1, 3)}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Functions](#awk-函数)
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 变量
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
### 内置变量
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`$0` | 全线
|
||||
`$1, $2...$NF` | 第一个，第二个……最后一个字段
|
||||
`NR` | 记录总数(`N`umber of `R`ecords)
|
||||
`NF` | N个字段(`N`number of `F`ields)
|
||||
`OFS` | `O`utput `F`ield `S`eparator<br> 输出字段分隔符 _(default " ")_
|
||||
`FS` | input `F`ield `S`eparator <br> 输入字段分隔符 _(default " ")_
|
||||
`ORS` | `O`utput `R`ecord `S`eparator <br> 输出记录分隔符 _(default "\n")_
|
||||
`RS` | input `R`ecord `S`eparator <br> 输入记录分隔符 _(default "\n")_
|
||||
`FILENAME` | 文件名
|
||||
|
||||
### 表达式
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`$1 == "root"` | 第一个字段等于根
|
||||
`{print $(NF-1)}` | 倒数第二个字段
|
||||
`NR!=1{print $0}` | 从第 2 条记录开始
|
||||
`NR > 3` | 从第 4 条记录开始
|
||||
`NR == 1` | 第一次记录
|
||||
`END{print NR}` | 总记录
|
||||
`BEGIN{print OFMT}` | 输出格式
|
||||
`{print NR, $0}` | 行号
|
||||
`{print NR " " $0}` | 行号(选项卡)
|
||||
`{$1 = NR; print}` | 用行号替换第一个字段
|
||||
`$NF > 4` | 最后一个字段 > 4
|
||||
`NR % 2 == 0` | 甚至记录
|
||||
`NR==10, NR==20` | 记录 10 到 20
|
||||
`BEGIN{print ARGC}` | 总 `arguments`
|
||||
`ORS=NR%5?",":"\n"` | 连接记录
|
||||
|
||||
### 示例
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
打印总和和平均值
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '{sum += $3}
|
||||
END { print sum, sum/NR }
|
||||
' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
打印参数
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
|
||||
print ARGV[i] }' a b c
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出字段分隔符为逗号
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN { FS=":";OFS=","}
|
||||
{print $1,$2,$3,$4}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
匹配位置
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
if (match("One Two Three", "Tw"))
|
||||
print RSTART }'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
匹配时长
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
if (match("One Two Three", "re"))
|
||||
print RLENGTH }'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 仅限 GNU awk
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`ENVIRON` | 环境变量
|
||||
`IGNORECASE` | 忽略大小写
|
||||
`CONVFMT` | 转换格式
|
||||
`ERRNO` | 系统错误
|
||||
`FIELDWIDTHS` | 固定宽度字段
|
||||
|
||||
### 环境变量
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`ARGC` | 数字或参数
|
||||
`ARGV` | 参数数组
|
||||
`FNR` | 文件记录数(`F`ile `N`umber of `R`ecords)
|
||||
`OFMT` | 数字格式 _(default "%.6g")_
|
||||
`RSTART` | 字符串中的位置
|
||||
`RLENGTH` | 比赛时长
|
||||
`SUBSEP` | 多维数组分隔符 _(default "\034")_
|
||||
`ARGIND` | 参数索引
|
||||
|
||||
### 定义变量
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -v var1="Hello" -v var2="Wold" '
|
||||
END {print var1, var2}
|
||||
' </dev/null
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用 shell 变量
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -v varName="$PWD" '
|
||||
END {print varName}' </dev/null
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 运算符
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
### 运算符
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`{print $1}` | 第一个字段
|
||||
`$2 == "foo"` | 等于
|
||||
`$2 != "foo"` | 不等于
|
||||
`"foo" in array` | 在数组中
|
||||
|
||||
#### 正则表达式
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
| `/regex/` | 行匹配|
|
||||
| `!/regex/` | 行不匹配|
|
||||
| `$1 ~ /regex/` | 字段匹配|
|
||||
| `$1 !~ /regex/` | 字段不匹配|
|
||||
|
||||
#### 更多条件
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`($2 <= 4 \|\| $3 < 20)` | 或者
|
||||
`($1 == 4 && $3 < 20)` | 和
|
||||
|
||||
### 运算符
|
||||
|
||||
#### 算术运算
|
||||
|
||||
- `+`
|
||||
- `-`
|
||||
- `*`
|
||||
- `/`
|
||||
- `%`
|
||||
- `++`
|
||||
- `--`
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### 速记作业
|
||||
|
||||
- `+=`
|
||||
- `-=`
|
||||
- `*=`
|
||||
- `/=`
|
||||
- `%=`
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### 比较运算符
|
||||
|
||||
- `==`
|
||||
- `!=`
|
||||
- `<`
|
||||
- `>`
|
||||
- `<=`
|
||||
- `>=`
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||||
|
||||
### 示例
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
if ("foo" ~ "^fo+$")
|
||||
print "Fooey!";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 不匹配
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
if ("boo" !~ "^fo+$")
|
||||
print "Boo!";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 如果在数组中
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||||
assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||||
if ("foo" in assoc)
|
||||
print "Fooey!";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 函数
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### 常用功能
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
函数 | 描述
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`index(s,t)` | 字符串 `s` 中出现字符串 `t` 的位置，如果未找到则为 `0`
|
||||
`length(s)` | 字符串 `s` 的长度(如果没有 `arg`，则为 `$0`)
|
||||
`rand` | `0` 到 `1` 之间的随机数
|
||||
`substr(s,index,len)` | 返回从索引开始的 `s` 的 `len-char` 子字符串(从 `1` 开始计数)
|
||||
`srand` | 为 `rand` 设置种子并返回之前的种子
|
||||
`int(x)` | 将 `x` 截断为整数值
|
||||
`split(s,a,fs)` | 将字符串 `s` 拆分为数组 `a` 由 `fs` 拆分，返回 `a` 的长度
|
||||
`match(s,r)` | 字符串 `s` 中出现正则表达式 `r` 的位置，如果未找到，则为 `0`
|
||||
`sub(r,t,s)` | 将 `t` 替换为字符串 `s` 中第一次出现的正则表达式 `r`(如果未给出 `s`，则替换为 `$0`)
|
||||
`gsub(r,t,s)` | 用 `t` 替换字符串 `s` 中所有出现的正则表达式 `r`
|
||||
`system(cmd)` | 执行cmd并返回退出状态
|
||||
`tolower(s)` | 字符串 `s` 转小写
|
||||
`toupper(s)` | 字符串 `s` 转大写
|
||||
`getline` | 将 `$0` 设置为当前输入文件中的下一个输入记录
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 用户定义函数
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk '
|
||||
# 返回最小数量
|
||||
function find_min(num1, num2){
|
||||
if (num1 < num2)
|
||||
return num1
|
||||
return num2
|
||||
}
|
||||
# 返回最大数量
|
||||
function find_max(num1, num2){
|
||||
if (num1 > num2)
|
||||
return num1
|
||||
return num2
|
||||
}
|
||||
# 主功能
|
||||
function main(num1, num2){
|
||||
result = find_min(num1, num2)
|
||||
print "Minimum =", result
|
||||
|
||||
result = find_max(num1, num2)
|
||||
print "Maximum =", result
|
||||
}
|
||||
# 脚本执行从这里开始
|
||||
BEGIN {
|
||||
main(10, 60)
|
||||
}
|
||||
'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 数组
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
### 带索引的数组
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
arr[0] = "foo";
|
||||
arr[1] = "bar";
|
||||
print(arr[0]); # => foo
|
||||
delete arr[0];
|
||||
print(arr[0]); # => ""
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 带键的数组
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||||
assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||||
print("baz" in assoc); # => 0
|
||||
print("foo" in assoc); # => 1
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 带拆分的数组
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
split("foo:bar:baz", arr, ":");
|
||||
for (key in arr)
|
||||
print arr[key];
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 带有排序的数组
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
arr[0] = 3
|
||||
arr[1] = 2
|
||||
arr[2] = 4
|
||||
n = asort(arr)
|
||||
for (i = 1; i <= n ; i++)
|
||||
print(arr[i])
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 多维
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
multidim[0,0] = "foo";
|
||||
multidim[0,1] = "bar";
|
||||
multidim[1,0] = "baz";
|
||||
multidim[1,1] = "boo";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 多维迭代
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
array[1,2]=3;
|
||||
array[2,3]=5;
|
||||
for (comb in array) {
|
||||
split(comb,sep,SUBSEP);
|
||||
print sep[1], sep[2],
|
||||
array[sep[1],sep[2]]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 条件
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### if-else 语句
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -v count=2 'BEGIN {
|
||||
if (count == 1)
|
||||
print "Yes";
|
||||
else
|
||||
print "Huh?";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 三元运算符
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -v count=2 'BEGIN {
|
||||
print (count==1) ? "Yes" : "Huh?";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 存在
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||||
assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||||
if ("foo" in assoc)
|
||||
print "Fooey!";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 不存在
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
assoc["foo"] = "bar";
|
||||
assoc["bar"] = "baz";
|
||||
if ("Huh" in assoc == 0 )
|
||||
print "Huh!";
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### switch
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '{
|
||||
switch (NR * 2 + 1) {
|
||||
case 3:
|
||||
case "11":
|
||||
print NR - 1
|
||||
break
|
||||
case /2[[:digit:]]+/:
|
||||
print NR
|
||||
default:
|
||||
print NR + 1
|
||||
case -1:
|
||||
print NR * -1
|
||||
}
|
||||
}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 循环
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### for...i
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
|
||||
print "i=" i;
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1 到 100 之间的 2 的幂
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
for (i = 1; i <= 100; i *= 2)
|
||||
print i
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### for...in
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
assoc["key1"] = "val1"
|
||||
assoc["key2"] = "val2"
|
||||
for (key in assoc)
|
||||
print assoc[key];
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Arguments
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
for (argnum in ARGV)
|
||||
print ARGV[argnum];
|
||||
}' a b c
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 示例
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### 反向记录
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '{ x[NR] = $0 }
|
||||
END {
|
||||
for (i = NR; i > 0; i--)
|
||||
print x[i]
|
||||
}
|
||||
' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 反向字段
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '{
|
||||
for (i = NF; i > 0; i--)
|
||||
printf("%s ",$i);
|
||||
print ""
|
||||
}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 按记录求和
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '{
|
||||
s=0;
|
||||
for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
|
||||
s += $i;
|
||||
print s
|
||||
}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 总结整个文件
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '
|
||||
{for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++)
|
||||
s += $i;
|
||||
};
|
||||
END{print s}
|
||||
' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### while
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
while (a < 10) {
|
||||
print "- " " concatenation: " a
|
||||
a++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### do...while
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk '{
|
||||
i = 1
|
||||
do {
|
||||
print $0
|
||||
i++
|
||||
} while (i <= 5)
|
||||
}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Break
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
break_num = 5
|
||||
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
|
||||
print i
|
||||
if (i == break_num)
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Continue
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN {
|
||||
for (x = 0; x <= 10; x++) {
|
||||
if (x == 5 || x == 6)
|
||||
continue
|
||||
printf "%d ", x
|
||||
}
|
||||
print ""
|
||||
}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Awk 格式化打印
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
### 用法
|
||||
|
||||
#### 右对齐
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN{printf "|%10s|\n", "hello"}'
|
||||
# | hello|
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 左对齐
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk 'BEGIN{printf "|%-10s|\n", "hello"}'
|
||||
# |hello |
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 通用说明符
|
||||
|
||||
特征符 | 描述
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`c` | ASCII 字符
|
||||
`d` | 十进制整数
|
||||
`e`, `E`, `f` | 浮点格式
|
||||
`o` | 无符号八进制值
|
||||
`s` | 细绳
|
||||
`%` | 文字百分比
|
||||
|
||||
### Space 空间
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: '{
|
||||
printf "%-10s %s\n", $1, $(NF-1)
|
||||
}' /etc/passwd | head -n 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
root /root
|
||||
bin /bin
|
||||
daemon /sbin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Header 标题头
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
awk -F: 'BEGIN {
|
||||
printf "%-10s %s\n", "User", "Home"
|
||||
printf "%-10s %s\n", "----","----"}
|
||||
{ printf "%-10s %s\n", $1, $(NF-1) }
|
||||
' /etc/passwd | head -n 5
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
User Home
|
||||
---- ----
|
||||
root /root
|
||||
bin /bin
|
||||
daemon /sbin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
各种各样的
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
### 正则表达式元字符
|
||||
- `\`
|
||||
- `^`
|
||||
- `$`
|
||||
- `.`
|
||||
- `[`
|
||||
- `]`
|
||||
- `|`
|
||||
- `(`
|
||||
- `)`
|
||||
- `*`
|
||||
- `+`
|
||||
- `?`
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-3 style-none-->
|
||||
|
||||
### 转义序列
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`\b` | 退格
|
||||
`\f` | 换页
|
||||
`\n` | 换行(换行)
|
||||
`\r` | 回车
|
||||
`\t` | 水平选项卡
|
||||
`\v` | 垂直选项卡
|
||||
|
||||
### 运行脚本
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ cat demo.awk
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
|
||||
BEGIN { x = 23 }
|
||||
{ x += 2 }
|
||||
END { print x }
|
||||
$ awk -f demo.awk /etc/passwd
|
||||
69
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
另见
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
- [GNU awk 用户指南](https://www-zeuthen.desy.de/dv/documentation/unixguide/infohtml/gawk/gawk.html) _(www-zeuthen.desy.de)_
|
||||
- [AWK cheatsheet](https://gist.github.com/Rafe/3102414) _(gist.github.com)_
|
||||
@ -277,7 +277,8 @@ $ find /path -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
|
||||
* [使用 chmod 修改文件权限](https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/modify-file-permissions-with-chmod/) _(linode.com)_
|
||||
|
||||
<!--rehype:ignore:start-->
|
||||
### 以下是 Chmod 生成器 JS 代码（代码用于网站请忽略不要删除）
|
||||
以下是 Chmod 生成器 JS 代码（代码用于网站请忽略不要删除）
|
||||
---
|
||||
<!--rehype:ignore:end-->
|
||||
|
||||
```html preview
|
||||
|
||||
40
docs/css.md
40
docs/css.md
@ -262,14 +262,14 @@ p:first-child {
|
||||
|
||||
选择器 | 说明
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`a[target]` | 带有 <yel>target</yel> 属性
|
||||
`a[target="_blank"]` | 在新标签中打开
|
||||
`a[href^="/index"]` | 以 <yel>/index</yel> 开头
|
||||
`[class\|="chair"]` | 以<yel>chair</yel>开头
|
||||
`[class*="chair"]` | 包含<yel>chair</yel>
|
||||
`[title~="chair"]` | 包含单词 <yel>chair</yel>
|
||||
`a[href$=".doc"]` | 以 <yel>.doc</yel> 结尾
|
||||
`[type="button"]` | 指定类型
|
||||
`a[target]` | 带有 <yel>target</yel> 属性 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attr)
|
||||
`a[target="_blank"]` | 在新标签中打开 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue)
|
||||
`a[href^="/index"]` | 以 <yel>/index</yel> 开头 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue_4)
|
||||
`[class\|="chair"]` | 以<yel>chair</yel>开头 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue_3)
|
||||
`[class*="chair"]` | 包含<yel>chair</yel> [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue_6)
|
||||
`[title~="chair"]` | 包含单词 <yel>chair</yel> [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue_2)
|
||||
`a[href$=".doc"]` | 以 <yel>.doc</yel> 结尾 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue_5)
|
||||
`[type="button"]` | 指定类型 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors#attrvalue)
|
||||
|
||||
另见: [属性选择器](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -282,6 +282,19 @@ p:first-child {
|
||||
`a:hover ` | 鼠标悬停链接 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:hover)
|
||||
`a:visited ` | 访问链接 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:visited)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```css
|
||||
/* 未访问链接 */
|
||||
a:link { color: blue; }
|
||||
/* 已访问链接 */
|
||||
a:visited { color: purple; }
|
||||
/* 用户鼠标悬停 */
|
||||
a:hover { background: yellow; }
|
||||
/* 激活链接 */
|
||||
a:active { color: red; }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 伪类
|
||||
|
||||
选择器 | 说明
|
||||
@ -297,6 +310,10 @@ p:first-child {
|
||||
`div:empty` | 没有子元素的元素 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:empty)
|
||||
`p:lang(en)` | 带有 en 语言属性的 P [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:lang)
|
||||
`:not(span)` | 不是跨度的元素 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:not)
|
||||
`:host` | shadowDOM 中选择自定义元素 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:root)
|
||||
`::backdrop` | 处于全屏模式的元素样式 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/::backdrop)
|
||||
`::marker` | `li` 项目符号或者数字 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/::marker)
|
||||
`::file-selector-button` | type="file" `input` 按钮 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/::file-selector-button)
|
||||
|
||||
### 输入伪类
|
||||
|
||||
@ -305,6 +322,8 @@ p:first-child {
|
||||
`input:checked` | 检查 `input` [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:checked)
|
||||
`input:disabled` | 禁用 `input` [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:disabled)
|
||||
`input:enabled` | 启用的 `input` [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:enabled)
|
||||
`input:default` | 有默认值的元素 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:default)
|
||||
`input:blank` | 空的输入框 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:blank)
|
||||
`input:focus` | `input` 有焦点 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:focus)
|
||||
`input:in-range` | 范围内的值 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:in-range)
|
||||
`input:out-of-range` | `input` 值超出范围 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:out-of-range)
|
||||
@ -331,6 +350,11 @@ p:first-child {
|
||||
`p:nth-last-of-type(2)` | ...从后面 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:nth-last-of-type)
|
||||
`p:only-of-type` | 其父级的唯一性 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:only-of-type)
|
||||
`p:only-child` | 其父母的唯一孩子 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:only-child)
|
||||
`:is(header, div) p` | 可以选择的元素 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:is)
|
||||
`:where(header, div) p` | 与 `:is` 相同 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:where)
|
||||
`a:has(> img)` | 包含 `img` 元素的 `a` 元素 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:has)
|
||||
`::first-letter` | 第一行的第一个字母 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:first-letter)
|
||||
`::first-line` | 第一行应用样式 [#](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/:first-line)
|
||||
|
||||
CSS 字体
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
727
docs/es6.md
Normal file
727
docs/es6.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,727 @@
|
||||
ES2015+ 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
快速浏览 ES2015、ES2016、ES2017、ES2018 及以后的 JavaScript 新特性
|
||||
|
||||
常用
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 块范围
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### Let
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2,4}
|
||||
function fn () {
|
||||
let x = 0
|
||||
if (true) {
|
||||
let x = 1 // 只在这个`if`里面
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Const
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const a = 1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`let` 是新的 `var`。 常量(`const`) 就像 `let` 一样工作，但不能重新分配。
|
||||
请参阅：[Let 和 const](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#let--const)
|
||||
|
||||
### 反引号字符串
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### 插值
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const message = `Hello ${name}`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 多行字符串
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const str = `
|
||||
hello
|
||||
world
|
||||
`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
模板和多行字符串。
|
||||
请参阅：[模板字符串](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#template-strings)
|
||||
|
||||
### 二进制和八进制文字
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
let bin = 0b1010010
|
||||
let oct = 0o755
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅：[二进制和八进制文字](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#binary-and-octal-literals)
|
||||
|
||||
### 指数运算符
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
const byte = 2 ** 8
|
||||
// 同: Math.pow(2, 8)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 新方法
|
||||
|
||||
#### 新的字符串方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
"hello".repeat(3)
|
||||
"hello".includes("ll")
|
||||
"hello".startsWith("he")
|
||||
"hello".padStart(8) // " hello"
|
||||
"hello".padEnd(8) // "hello "
|
||||
"hello".padEnd(8, '!') // hello!!!
|
||||
"\u1E9B\u0323".normalize("NFC")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 新的数字方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
Number.EPSILON
|
||||
Number.isInteger(Infinity) // false
|
||||
Number.isNaN("NaN") // false
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 新的 Math 方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
Math.acosh(3) // 1.762747174039086
|
||||
Math.hypot(3, 4) // 5
|
||||
Math.imul(Math.pow(2, 32) - 1, Math.pow(2, 32) - 2) // 2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 新的 Array 方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
// 返回一个真实的数组
|
||||
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("*"))
|
||||
// 类似于 new Array(...)，但没有特殊的单参数行为
|
||||
Array.of(1, 2, 3)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅: [新方法](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#math--number--string--object-apis)
|
||||
|
||||
### 类
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
class Circle extends Shape {
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 构造函数
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
constructor (radius) {
|
||||
this.radius = radius
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
getArea () {
|
||||
return Math.PI * 2 * this.radius
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 调用超类方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2}
|
||||
expand (n) {
|
||||
return super.expand(n) * Math.PI
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 静态方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
static createFromDiameter(diameter) {
|
||||
return new Circle(diameter / 2)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
原型的语法糖。
|
||||
请参阅: [类](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#classes)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Promises
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
### 做出承诺
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
|
||||
if (ok) { resolve(result) }
|
||||
else { reject(error) }
|
||||
})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
用于异步编程。
|
||||
请参阅：[Promises](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#promises)
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Promises
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2,3}
|
||||
promise
|
||||
.then((result) => { ··· })
|
||||
.catch((error) => { ··· })
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 finally 中使用 Promise
|
||||
|
||||
```js {4}
|
||||
promise
|
||||
.then((result) => { ··· })
|
||||
.catch((error) => { ··· })
|
||||
.finally(() => {
|
||||
/* 独立于成功/错误的逻辑 */
|
||||
})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当承诺被履行或被拒绝时，处理程序被调用
|
||||
|
||||
### Promise 函数
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
Promise.all(···)
|
||||
Promise.race(···)
|
||||
Promise.reject(···)
|
||||
Promise.resolve(···)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Async-await
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2,3}
|
||||
async function run () {
|
||||
const user = await getUser()
|
||||
const tweets = await getTweets(user)
|
||||
return [user, tweets]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`async` 函数是使用函数的另一种方式。
|
||||
请参阅：[异步函数](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function)
|
||||
|
||||
解构 Destructuring
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
### 解构赋值
|
||||
|
||||
#### Arrays
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
const [first, last] = ['Nikola', 'Tesla']
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Objects
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
let {title, author} = {
|
||||
title: 'The Silkworm',
|
||||
author: 'R. Galbraith'
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
支持匹配数组和对象。
|
||||
请参阅：[解构](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#destructuring)
|
||||
|
||||
### 默认值
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const scores = [22, 33]
|
||||
const [math = 50, sci = 50, arts = 50] = scores
|
||||
```
|
||||
----
|
||||
```js
|
||||
// Result:
|
||||
// math === 22, sci === 33, arts === 50
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
可以在解构数组或对象时分配默认值
|
||||
|
||||
### 函数参数
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
function greet({ name, greeting }) {
|
||||
console.log(`${greeting}, ${name}!`)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
----
|
||||
```js
|
||||
greet({ name: 'Larry', greeting: 'Ahoy' })
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
对象和数组的解构也可以在函数参数中完成
|
||||
|
||||
### 默认值
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
function greet({ name = 'Rauno' } = {}) {
|
||||
console.log(`Hi ${name}!`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
----
|
||||
```js
|
||||
greet() // Hi Rauno!
|
||||
greet({ name: 'Larry' }) // Hi Larry!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 重新分配键
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
function printCoordinates({ left: x, top: y }) {
|
||||
console.log(`x: ${x}, y: ${y}`)
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
----
|
||||
```js
|
||||
printCoordinates({ left: 25, top: 90 })
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
此示例将 `x` 分配给 `left` 键的值
|
||||
|
||||
### 循环
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
for (let {title, artist} of songs) {
|
||||
···
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
赋值表达式也在循环中工作
|
||||
|
||||
### 对象解构
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
const { id, ...detail } = song;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用 `rest(...)` 运算符单独提取一些键和对象中的剩余键
|
||||
|
||||
扩展运算符 Spread
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
### 对象扩展
|
||||
|
||||
#### 与对象扩展
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2}
|
||||
const options = {
|
||||
...defaults,
|
||||
visible: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 没有对象扩展
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const options = Object.assign(
|
||||
{}, defaults,
|
||||
{ visible: true })
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
对象扩展运算符允许您从其他对象构建新对象。
|
||||
请参阅：[对象传播](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator)
|
||||
|
||||
### 数组扩展
|
||||
|
||||
#### 具有数组扩展
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2,3}
|
||||
const users = [
|
||||
...admins,
|
||||
...editors,
|
||||
'rstacruz'
|
||||
]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 没有数组扩展
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const users = admins
|
||||
.concat(editors)
|
||||
.concat([ 'rstacruz' ])
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
扩展运算符允许您以相同的方式构建新数组。
|
||||
请参阅：[扩展运算符](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator)
|
||||
|
||||
函数 Functions
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
### 函数参数
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### 默认参数
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
function greet (name = 'Jerry') {
|
||||
return `Hello ${name}`
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Rest 参数
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
function fn(x, ...y) {
|
||||
// y 是一个数组
|
||||
return x * y.length
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 扩展
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
fn(...[1, 2, 3])
|
||||
// 与 fn(1, 2, 3) 相同
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Default(默认), rest, spread(扩展)。
|
||||
请参阅：[函数参数](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#default--rest--spread)
|
||||
|
||||
### 箭头函数
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
#### 箭头函数
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
setTimeout(() => {
|
||||
···
|
||||
})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 带参数
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1}
|
||||
readFile('text.txt', (err, data) => {
|
||||
...
|
||||
})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 隐式返回
|
||||
|
||||
```js {1,4,5,6}
|
||||
arr.map(n => n*2)
|
||||
// 没有花括号 = 隐式返回
|
||||
// 同: arr.map(function (n) { return n*2 })
|
||||
arr.map(n => ({
|
||||
result: n*2
|
||||
}))
|
||||
// 隐式返回对象需要在对象周围加上括号
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
类似函数，但保留了 `this`。
|
||||
请参阅：[箭头函数](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#arrows-and-lexical-this)
|
||||
|
||||
### 参数设置默认值
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
function log(x, y = 'World') {
|
||||
console.log(x, y);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
log('Hello') // Hello World
|
||||
log('Hello', 'China') // Hello China
|
||||
log('Hello', '') // Hello
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 与解构赋值默认值结合使用
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
function foo({x, y = 5} = {}) {
|
||||
console.log(x, y);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
foo() // undefined 5
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### name 属性
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
function foo() {}
|
||||
foo.name // "foo"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Objects
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
### 速记语法
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
module.exports = { hello, bye }
|
||||
```
|
||||
同下:
|
||||
```js
|
||||
module.exports = {
|
||||
hello: hello, bye: bye
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅：[对象字面量增强](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#enhanced-object-literals)
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2}
|
||||
const App = {
|
||||
start () {
|
||||
console.log('running')
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 同: App = { start: function () {···} }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅：[对象文字增强](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#enhanced-object-literals)
|
||||
|
||||
### Getters and setters
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2,5}
|
||||
const App = {
|
||||
get closed () {
|
||||
return this.status === 'closed'
|
||||
},
|
||||
set closed (value) {
|
||||
this.status = value ? 'closed' : 'open'
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅：[对象字面量增强](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#enhanced-object-literals)
|
||||
|
||||
### 计算属性名称
|
||||
|
||||
```js {3}
|
||||
let event = 'click'
|
||||
let handlers = {
|
||||
[`on${event}`]: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 同: handlers = { 'onclick': true }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
请参阅：[对象字面量增强](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#enhanced-object-literals)
|
||||
|
||||
### 提取值
|
||||
|
||||
```js {3,5}
|
||||
const fatherJS = { age: 57, name: "张三" }
|
||||
Object.values(fatherJS)
|
||||
// [57, "张三"]
|
||||
Object.entries(fatherJS)
|
||||
// [["age", 57], ["name", "张三"]]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Modules 模块
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
### Imports 导入
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
import 'helpers'
|
||||
// 又名: require('···')
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```js
|
||||
import Express from 'express'
|
||||
// 又名: const Express = require('···').default || require('···')
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```js
|
||||
import { indent } from 'helpers'
|
||||
// 又名: const indent = require('···').indent
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```js
|
||||
import * as Helpers from 'helpers'
|
||||
// 又名: const Helpers = require('···')
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```js
|
||||
import { indentSpaces as indent } from 'helpers'
|
||||
// 又名: const indent = require('···').indentSpaces
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`import` 是新的 `require()`。
|
||||
请参阅：[Module imports](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#modules)
|
||||
|
||||
### Exports 导出
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
export default function () { ··· }
|
||||
// 又名: module.exports.default = ···
|
||||
```
|
||||
----
|
||||
```js
|
||||
export function mymethod () { ··· }
|
||||
// 又名: module.exports.mymethod = ···
|
||||
```
|
||||
----
|
||||
```js
|
||||
export const pi = 3.14159
|
||||
// 又名: module.exports.pi = ···
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const firstName = 'Michael';
|
||||
const lastName = 'Jackson';
|
||||
const year = 1958;
|
||||
export { firstName, lastName, year };
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
export * from "lib/math";
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`export` 是新的`module.exports`。
|
||||
请参阅：[Module exports](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#modules)
|
||||
|
||||
### `as` 关键字重命名
|
||||
|
||||
```js {2,8,12-14}
|
||||
import {
|
||||
lastName as surname // 导入重命名
|
||||
} from './profile.js';
|
||||
|
||||
function v1() { ... }
|
||||
function v2() { ... }
|
||||
|
||||
export { v1 as default };
|
||||
// 等同于 export default v1;
|
||||
|
||||
export {
|
||||
v1 as streamV1, // 导出重命名
|
||||
v2 as streamV2, // 导出重命名
|
||||
v2 as streamLatestVersion // 导出重命名
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 动态加载模块
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
button.addEventListener('click', event => {
|
||||
import('./dialogBox.js')
|
||||
.then(dialogBox => {
|
||||
dialogBox.open();
|
||||
})
|
||||
.catch(error => {
|
||||
/* Error handling */
|
||||
})
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[ES2020提案](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-dynamic-import) 引入 `import()` 函数
|
||||
|
||||
### import() 允许模块路径动态生成
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const main = document.querySelector('main')
|
||||
|
||||
import(`./modules/${someVariable}.js`)
|
||||
.then(module => {
|
||||
module.loadPageInto(main);
|
||||
})
|
||||
.catch(err => {
|
||||
main.textContent = err.message;
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### import.meta
|
||||
|
||||
[ES2020](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-import-meta) 为 `import` 命令添加了一个元属性 `import.meta`，返回当前模块的元信息
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
new URL('data.txt', import.meta.url)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Node.js 环境中，`import.meta.url`返回的总是本地路径，即 `file:URL` 协议的字符串，比如 `file:///home/user/foo.js`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Generators
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Generator 函数
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
function* idMaker () {
|
||||
let id = 0
|
||||
while (true) { yield id++ }
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```js
|
||||
let gen = idMaker()
|
||||
gen.next().value // → 0
|
||||
gen.next().value // → 1
|
||||
gen.next().value // → 2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
情况很复杂。
|
||||
请参阅：[Generators](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#generators)
|
||||
|
||||
### For..of + 迭代器(iterator)
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
let fibonacci = {
|
||||
[Symbol.iterator]() {
|
||||
let pre = 0, cur = 1;
|
||||
return {
|
||||
next() {
|
||||
[pre, cur] = [cur, pre + cur];
|
||||
return { done: false, value: cur }
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
for (var n of fibonacci) {
|
||||
// 在 1000 处截断序列
|
||||
if (n > 1000) break;
|
||||
console.log(n);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
用于迭代生成器和数组。
|
||||
请参阅：[For..of iteration](https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/#iterators--forof)
|
||||
|
||||
### 与 Iterator 接口的关系
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
var gen = {};
|
||||
gen[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
|
||||
yield 1;
|
||||
yield 2;
|
||||
yield 3;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
[...gen] // => [1, 2, 3]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`Generator` 函数赋值给 `Symbol.iterator` 属性，从而使得 `gen` 对象具有了 `Iterator` 接口，可以被 `...` 运算符遍历了
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Symbol.iterator 属性
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
function* gen() { /* some code */ }
|
||||
var g = gen();
|
||||
|
||||
g[Symbol.iterator]() === g // true
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`gen` 是一个 `Generator` 函数，调用它会生成一个遍历器对象`g`。它的 `Symbol.iterator` 属性，也是一个遍历器对象生成函数，执行后返回它自己
|
||||
|
||||
另见
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
- [Learn ES2015](https://babeljs.io/docs/en/learn/) _(babeljs.io)_
|
||||
- [ECMAScript 6 功能概述](https://github.com/lukehoban/es6features#readme) _(github.com)_
|
||||
- [ECMAScript 6 入门教程 (阮一峰)](https://es6.ruanyifeng.com/) _(ruanyifeng.com)_
|
||||
237
docs/iso-639-1.md
Normal file
237
docs/iso-639-1.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
|
||||
ISO 639-1 Language Code 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个符合 ISO 639-1 标准的 ISO 语言代码列表，它为多语言网站提供参考。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
入门
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
### 介绍
|
||||
<!--rehype:style=display:none;&wrap-style=padding-top:0;&wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
- [ISO 639-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1) 是用于对语言进行分类的标准化命名法
|
||||
- [ISO 639-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1) 代码涵盖世界主要语言
|
||||
- 这些代码是用于指示语言的有用的国际和正式速记
|
||||
- 两个字母的代码
|
||||
- 用于多语言网站，即国际化 (`i18n`)
|
||||
- [i18n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization) 语言代码
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
ISO 639-1 代码列表
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
### 完整代码
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
639-1 代码 | ISO 语言(中文)名称 | ISO 语言名称 | 本地名称 (地名)
|
||||
:-|:-|:-|:-
|
||||
`aa` | 阿法尔语 | Afar | Afaraf
|
||||
`ab` | 阿布哈兹语 | Abkhaz | аҧсуа бызшәа
|
||||
`ae` | 阿维斯陀语 | Avestan | avesta
|
||||
`af` | 南非語 | Afrikaans | Afrikaans
|
||||
`ak` | 阿坎语 | Akan | Akan
|
||||
`am` | 阿姆哈拉语 | Amharic | አማርኛ
|
||||
`an` | 阿拉贡语 | Aragonese | aragonés
|
||||
`ar` | 阿拉伯语 | Arabic | اللغة العربية
|
||||
`as` | 阿萨姆语 | Assamese | অসমীয়া
|
||||
`av` | 阿瓦尔语 | Avaric | авар мацӀ
|
||||
`ay` | 艾马拉语 | Aymara | aymar aru
|
||||
`az` | 阿塞拜疆语 | Azerbaijani | azərbaycan dili
|
||||
`ba` | 巴什基尔语 | Bashkir | башҡорт теле
|
||||
`be` | 白俄罗斯语 | Belarusian | беларуская мова
|
||||
`bg` | 保加利亚语 | Bulgarian | български език
|
||||
`bh` | 比哈尔语 | Bihari | भोजपुरी
|
||||
`bi` | 比斯拉马语 | Bislama | Bislama
|
||||
`bm` | 班巴拉语 | Bambara | bamanankan
|
||||
`bn` | 孟加拉语 | Bengali | বাংলা
|
||||
`bo` | 藏语 | Tibetan | བོད་ཡིག
|
||||
`br` | 布列塔尼语 | Breton | brezhoneg
|
||||
`bs` | 波斯尼亚语 | Bosnian | bosanski jezik
|
||||
`ca` | 加泰隆语 | Catalan | Català
|
||||
`ce` | 车臣语 | Chechen | нохчийн мотт
|
||||
`ch` | 查莫罗语 | Chamorro | Chamoru
|
||||
`co` | 科西嘉语 | Corsican | corsu
|
||||
`cr` | 克里语 | Cree | ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ
|
||||
`cs` | 捷克语 | Czech | čeština
|
||||
`cu` | 古教会斯拉夫语 | Old Church Slavonic | ѩзыкъ словѣньскъ
|
||||
`cv` | 楚瓦什语 | Chuvash | чӑваш чӗлхи
|
||||
`cy` | 威尔士语 | Welsh | Cymraeg
|
||||
`da` | 丹麦语 | Danish | dansk
|
||||
`de` | 德语 | German | Deutsch
|
||||
`dv` | 迪维西语 | Divehi | Dhivehi
|
||||
`dz` | 不丹语 | Dzongkha | རྫོང་ཁ
|
||||
`ee` | 埃维语 | Ewe | Eʋegbe
|
||||
`el` | 现代希腊语 | Greek | Ελληνικά
|
||||
`en` | 英语 | English | English
|
||||
`eo` | 世界语 | Esperanto | Esperanto
|
||||
`es` | 西班牙语 | Spanish | Español
|
||||
`et` | 爱沙尼亚语 | Estonian | eesti
|
||||
`eu` | 巴斯克语 | Basque | euskara
|
||||
`fa` | 波斯语 | Persian | فارسی
|
||||
`ff` | 富拉语 | Fula | Fulfulde
|
||||
`fi` | 芬兰语 | Finnish | suomi
|
||||
`fj` | 斐济语 | Fijian | Vakaviti
|
||||
`fo` | 法罗语 | Faroese | føroyskt
|
||||
`fr` | 法语 | French | Français
|
||||
`fy` | 弗里西亚语 | Western Frisian | Frysk
|
||||
`ga` | 爱尔兰语 | Irish | Gaeilge
|
||||
`gd` | 苏格兰盖尔语 | Scottish Gaelic | Gàidhlig
|
||||
`gl` | 加利西亚语 | Galician | galego
|
||||
`gn` | 瓜拉尼语 | Guarani | avañe'ẽ
|
||||
`gu` | 古吉拉特语 | Gujarati | ગુજરાતી
|
||||
`gv` | 马恩岛语 | Manx | Gaelg
|
||||
`ha` | 豪萨语 | Hausa | هَوُسَ
|
||||
`he` | 希伯来语 | Hebrew | עברית
|
||||
`hi` | 印地语 | Hindi | हिन्दी
|
||||
`ho` | 希里莫图语 | Hiri Motu | Hiri Motu
|
||||
`hr` | 克罗地亚语 | Croatian | Hrvatski
|
||||
`ht` | 海地克里奥尔语 | Haitian | Kreyòl ayisyen
|
||||
`hu` | 匈牙利语 | Hungarian | magyar
|
||||
`hy` | 亚美尼亚语 | Armenian | Հայերեն
|
||||
`hz` | 赫雷罗语 | Herero | Otjiherero
|
||||
`ia` | 因特语 | Interlingua | Interlingua
|
||||
`id` | 印尼语 | Indonesian | Bahasa Indonesia
|
||||
`ie` | 西方国际语 | Interlingue | Interlingue
|
||||
`ig` | 伊博语 | Igbo | Asụsụ Igbo
|
||||
`ii` | 四川彝语（诺苏语） | Nuosu | ꆈꌠ꒿ Nuosuhxop
|
||||
`ik` | 伊努皮克语 | Inupiaq | Iñupiaq
|
||||
`io` | 伊多语 | Ido | Ido
|
||||
`is` | 冰岛语 | Icelandic | Íslenska
|
||||
`it` | 意大利语 | Italian | Italiano
|
||||
`iu` | 因纽特语 | Inuktitut | ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
|
||||
`ja` | 日语 | Japanese | 日本語
|
||||
`jv` | 爪哇语 | Javanese | basa Jawa
|
||||
`ka` | 格鲁吉亚语 | Georgian | ქართული
|
||||
`kg` | 刚果语 | Kongo | Kikongo
|
||||
`ki` | 基库尤语 | Kikuyu | Gĩkũyũ
|
||||
`kj` | 宽亚玛语 | Kwanyama | Kuanyama
|
||||
`kk` | 哈萨克语 | Kazakh | қазақ тілі
|
||||
`kl` | 格陵兰语 | Kalaallisut | kalaallisut
|
||||
`km` | 高棉语 | Khmer | ខេមរភាសា
|
||||
`kn` | 卡纳达语 | Kannada | ಕನ್ನಡ
|
||||
`ko` | 朝鲜语、韩语 | Korean | 한국어
|
||||
`kr` | 卡努里语 | Kanuri | Kanuri
|
||||
`ks` | 克什米尔语 | Kashmiri | कश्मीरी
|
||||
`ku` | 库尔德语 | Kurdish | Kurdî
|
||||
`kv` | 科米语 | Komi | коми кыв
|
||||
`kw` | 康沃尔语 | Cornish | Kernewek
|
||||
`ky` | 吉尔吉斯语 | Kyrgyz | Кыргызча
|
||||
`la` | 拉丁语 | Latin | latine
|
||||
`lb` | 卢森堡语 | Luxembourgish | Lëtzebuergesch
|
||||
`lg` | 卢干达语 | Ganda | Luganda
|
||||
`li` | 林堡语 | Limburgish | Limburgs
|
||||
`ln` | 林加拉语 | Lingala | Lingála
|
||||
`lo` | 老挝语 | Lao | ພາສາ
|
||||
`lt` | 立陶宛语 | Lithuanian | lietuvių kalba
|
||||
`lu` | 卢巴语 | Luba-Katanga | Tshiluba
|
||||
`lv` | 拉脱维亚语 | Latvian | latviešu valoda
|
||||
`mg` | 马达加斯加语 | Malagasy | fiteny malagasy
|
||||
`mh` | 马绍尔语 | Marshallese | Kajin M̧ajeļ
|
||||
`mi` | 毛利语 | Māori | te reo Māori
|
||||
`mk` | 马其顿语 | Macedonian | македонски јазик
|
||||
`ml` | 马拉雅拉姆语 | Malayalam | മലയാളം
|
||||
`mn` | 蒙古语 | Mongolian | Монгол хэл
|
||||
`mo` | 摩尔达维亚语 | Moldovan | Лимба молдовеняскэ
|
||||
`mr` | 马拉地语 | Marathi | मराठी
|
||||
`ms` | 马来语 | Malay | Bahasa Malaysia
|
||||
`mt` | 马耳他语 | Maltese | Malti
|
||||
`my` | 缅甸语 | Burmese | ဗမာစာ
|
||||
`na` | 瑙鲁语 | Nauru | Ekakairũ Naoero
|
||||
`nb` | 书面挪威语 | Norwegian Bokmål | Norsk bokmål
|
||||
`nd` | 北恩德贝莱语 | Northern Ndebele | isiNdebele
|
||||
`ne` | 尼泊尔语 | Nepali | नेपाली
|
||||
`ng` | 恩敦加语 | Ndonga | Owambo
|
||||
`nl` | 荷兰语 | Dutch | Nederlands
|
||||
`nn` | 新挪威语 | Norwegian Nynorsk | Norsk nynorsk
|
||||
`no` | 挪威语 | Norwegian | Norsk
|
||||
`nr` | 南恩德贝莱语 | Southern Ndebele | isiNdebele
|
||||
`nv` | 纳瓦霍语 | Navajo | Diné bizaad
|
||||
`ny` | 尼扬贾语 | Chichewa | chiCheŵa
|
||||
`oc` | 奥克语 | Occitan | occitan
|
||||
`oj` | 奥杰布瓦语 | Ojibwe | ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ
|
||||
`om` | 奥罗莫语 | Oromo | Afaan Oromoo
|
||||
`or` | 奥里亚语 | Oriya | ଓଡ଼ିଆ
|
||||
`os` | 奥塞梯语 | Ossetian | ирон æвзаг
|
||||
`pa` | 旁遮普语 | Panjabi | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
|
||||
`pi` | 巴利语 | Pāli | पाऴि
|
||||
`pl` | 波兰语 | Polish | Polski
|
||||
`ps` | 普什图语 | Pashto | پښتو
|
||||
`pt` | 葡萄牙语 | Portuguese | Português
|
||||
`qu` | 克丘亚语 | Quechua | Runa Simi
|
||||
`rm` | 罗曼什语 | Romansh | rumantsch grischun
|
||||
`rn` | 基隆迪语 | Kirundi | Ikirundi
|
||||
`ro` | 罗马尼亚语 | Romanian | Română
|
||||
`ru` | 俄语 | Russian | Русский
|
||||
`rw` | 卢旺达语 | Kinyarwanda | Ikinyarwanda
|
||||
`sa` | 梵语 | Sanskrit | संस्कृतम्
|
||||
`sc` | 撒丁语 | Sardinian | sardu
|
||||
`sd` | 信德语 | Sindhi | सिन्धी
|
||||
`se` | 北萨米语 | Northern Sami | Davvisámegiella
|
||||
`sg` | 桑戈语 | Sango | yângâ tî sängö
|
||||
`sh` | 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语 | Serbo-Croatian | Српскохрватски језик
|
||||
`si` | 僧伽罗语 | Sinhala | සිංහල
|
||||
`sk` | 斯洛伐克语 | Slovak | slovenčina
|
||||
`sl` | 斯洛文尼亚语 | Slovenian | slovenščina
|
||||
`sm` | 萨摩亚语 | - | -
|
||||
`sn` | 修纳语 | Shona | chiShona
|
||||
`so` | 索马里语 | Somali | Soomaaliga
|
||||
`sq` | 阿尔巴尼亚语 | Albanian | Shqip
|
||||
`sr` | 塞尔维亚语 | Serbian | српски језик
|
||||
`ss` | 斯威士语 | Swati | SiSwati
|
||||
`st` | 塞索托语 | Southern Sotho | Sesotho
|
||||
`su` | 巽他语 | Sundanese | Basa Sunda
|
||||
`sv` | 瑞典语 | Swedish | Svenska
|
||||
`sw` | 斯瓦希里语 | Swahili | Kiswahili
|
||||
`ta` | 泰米尔语 | Tamil | தமிழ்
|
||||
`te` | 泰卢固语 | Telugu | తెలుగు
|
||||
`tg` | 塔吉克语 | Tajik | тоҷикӣ
|
||||
`th` | 泰语 | Thai | ไทย
|
||||
`ti` | 提格雷尼亚语 | Tigrinya | ትግርኛ
|
||||
`tk` | 土库曼语 | Turkmen | Türkmen
|
||||
`tl` | 他加禄语 | Tagalog | Wikang Tagalog
|
||||
`tn` | 茨瓦纳语 | Tswana | Setswana
|
||||
`to` | 汤加语 | Tonga | faka Tonga
|
||||
`tr` | 土耳其语 | Turkish | Türkçe
|
||||
`ts` | 宗加语 | Tsonga | Xitsonga
|
||||
`tt` | 塔塔尔语 | Tatar | татар теле
|
||||
`tw` | 特威语 | Twi | Twi
|
||||
`ty` | 塔希提语 | Tahitian | Reo Tahiti
|
||||
`ug` | 维吾尔语 | Uyghur | ئۇيغۇرچە
|
||||
`uk` | 乌克兰语 | Ukrainian | Українська
|
||||
`ur` | 乌尔都语 | Urdu | اردو
|
||||
`uz` | 乌兹别克语 | Uzbek | Ўзбек
|
||||
`ve` | 文达语 | Venda | Tshivenḓa
|
||||
`vi` | 越南语 | Vietnamese | Tiếng Việt
|
||||
`vo` | 沃拉普克语 | Volapük | Volapük
|
||||
`wa` | 瓦隆语 | Walloon | walon
|
||||
`wo` | 沃洛夫语 | Wolof | Wollof
|
||||
`xh` | 科萨语 | Xhosa | isiXhosa
|
||||
`yi` | 依地语 | Yiddish | ייִדיש
|
||||
`yo` | 约鲁巴语 | Yoruba | Yorùbá
|
||||
`za` | 壮语 | Zhuang | Saɯ cueŋƅ
|
||||
`zh` | 汉语（中文） | Chinese | 中文
|
||||
`zu` | 祖鲁语 | Zulu | isiZulu
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||||
|
||||
### SO 639-1 新增了以下语言
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
ISO 639-1 | ISO 639-2 | 名称 | 更改日期 | 更改类型 | 曾用代码
|
||||
:-|:-|:-|:-|:-|:-
|
||||
io | ido | 伊多语 | 2002年1月15日 | 新增 | art
|
||||
wa | wln | 瓦隆语 | 2002年1月29日 | 新增 | roa
|
||||
li | lim | 林堡语 | 2002年8月2日 | 新增 | gem
|
||||
ii | iii | 四川省彝语(诺苏语) | 2002年10月14日 | 新增 | -
|
||||
an | arg | 阿拉贡语 | 2002年12月23日 | 新增 | roa
|
||||
ht | hat | 海地克里奥尔语 | 2003年2月26日 | 新增 | cpf
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||||
|
||||
自 [RFC 3066](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3066) 出版后，ISO 639-1 新增了以上语言
|
||||
|
||||
另见
|
||||
---
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
- [国际化与本地化](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/国际化与本地化) _(wikipedia.org)_
|
||||
- [ISO_639-1](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1) _(wikipedia.org)_
|
||||
774
docs/java.md
Normal file
774
docs/java.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
|
||||
Java 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
该备忘单是针对 Java 初学者的速成课程，有助于复习 Java 语言的基本语法。
|
||||
|
||||
入门
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
### Hello.java
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class Hello {
|
||||
// 主要方法
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 输出: Hello, world!
|
||||
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
编译和运行
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ javac Hello.java
|
||||
$ java Hello
|
||||
Hello, world!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 变量 Variables
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int num = 5;
|
||||
float floatNum = 5.99f;
|
||||
char letter = 'D';
|
||||
boolean bool = true;
|
||||
String site = "quickref.me";
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 原始数据类型
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
| 数据类型 | 大小 | 默认 | 范围 |
|
||||
|-----------|--------|---------|---------------------|
|
||||
| `byte` | 1 byte | 0 | -128 ^to^ 127 |
|
||||
| `short` | 2 byte | 0 | -2^15^ ^to^ 2^15^-1 |
|
||||
| `int` | 4 byte | 0 | -2^31^ ^to^ 2^31^-1 |
|
||||
| `long` | 8 byte | 0 | -2^63^ ^to^ 2^63^-1 |
|
||||
| `float` | 4 byte | 0.0f | _N/A_ |
|
||||
| `double` | 8 byte | 0.0d | _N/A_ |
|
||||
| `char` | 2 byte | \\u0000 | 0 ^to^ 65535 |
|
||||
| `boolean` | _N/A_ | false | true / false |
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||||
|
||||
### 字符串 Strings
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String first = "John";
|
||||
String last = "Doe";
|
||||
String name = first + " " + last;
|
||||
System.out.println(name);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Strings](#java-字符串)
|
||||
|
||||
### 循环 Loops
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String word = "QuickRef";
|
||||
for (char c: word.toCharArray()) {
|
||||
System.out.print(c + "-");
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: Q-u-i-c-k-R-e-f-
|
||||
```
|
||||
查看: [Loops](#java-循环)
|
||||
|
||||
### 数组 Arrays
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
char[] chars = new char[10];
|
||||
chars[0] = 'a'
|
||||
chars[1] = 'b'
|
||||
String[] letters = {"A", "B", "C"};
|
||||
int[] mylist = {100, 200};
|
||||
boolean[] answers = {true, false};
|
||||
```
|
||||
查看: [Arrays](#java-数组)
|
||||
|
||||
### Swap
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int a = 1;
|
||||
int b = 2;
|
||||
System.out.println(a + " " + b); // 1 2
|
||||
int temp = a;
|
||||
a = b;
|
||||
b = temp;
|
||||
System.out.println(a + " " + b); // 2 1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Type Casting
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// Widening
|
||||
// byte<short<int<long<float<double
|
||||
int i = 10;
|
||||
long l = i; // 10
|
||||
// Narrowing
|
||||
double d = 10.02;
|
||||
long l = (long)d; // 10
|
||||
String.valueOf(10); // "10"
|
||||
Integer.parseInt("10"); // 10
|
||||
Double.parseDouble("10"); // 10.0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 条件语句 Conditionals
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int j = 10;
|
||||
if (j == 10) {
|
||||
System.out.println("I get printed");
|
||||
} else if (j > 10) {
|
||||
System.out.println("I don't");
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.out.println("I also don't");
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Conditionals](#java-conditionals)
|
||||
|
||||
### 用户输入
|
||||
```java
|
||||
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
|
||||
String str = in.nextLine();
|
||||
System.out.println(str);
|
||||
int num = in.nextInt();
|
||||
System.out.println(num);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Java 字符串
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
### 基本的
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String str1 = "value";
|
||||
String str2 = new String("value");
|
||||
String str3 = String.valueOf(123);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 字符串连接
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String s = 3 + "str" + 3; // 3str3
|
||||
String s = 3 + 3 + "str"; // 6str
|
||||
String s = "3" + 3 + "str"; // 33str
|
||||
String s = "3" + "3" + "23"; // 3323
|
||||
String s = "" + 3 + 3 + "23"; // 3323
|
||||
String s = 3 + 3 + 23; // 29
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 字符串生成器
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(10);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
|
||||
| | | | | | | | | |
|
||||
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
sb.append("Reference");
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```java
|
||||
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
|
||||
| R | e | f | e | r | e | n | c | e |
|
||||
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
sb.delete(3, 9);
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```java
|
||||
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
|
||||
| R | e | f | | | | | | |
|
||||
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
sb.insert(0, "My ");
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```java
|
||||
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
|
||||
| M | y | | R | e | f | | | |
|
||||
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
sb.append("!");
|
||||
```
|
||||
---
|
||||
```java
|
||||
┌───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┬───┐
|
||||
| M | y | | R | e | f | ! | | |
|
||||
└───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┴───┘
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 比较
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String s1 = new String("QuickRef");
|
||||
String s2 = new String("QuickRef");
|
||||
s1 == s2 // false
|
||||
s1.equals(s2) // true
|
||||
"AB".equalsIgnoreCase("ab") // true
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 操纵
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String str = "Abcd";
|
||||
str.toUpperCase(); // ABCD
|
||||
str.toLowerCase(); // abcd
|
||||
str.concat("#"); // Abcd#
|
||||
str.replace("b", "-"); // A-cd
|
||||
" abc ".trim(); // abc
|
||||
"ab".toCharArray(); // {'a', 'b'}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 信息
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String str = "abcd";
|
||||
str.charAt(2); // c
|
||||
str.indexOf("a") // 0
|
||||
str.indexOf("z") // -1
|
||||
str.length(); // 4
|
||||
str.toString(); // abcd
|
||||
str.substring(2); // cd
|
||||
str.substring(2,3); // c
|
||||
str.contains("c"); // true
|
||||
str.endsWith("d"); // true
|
||||
str.startsWith("a"); // true
|
||||
str.isEmpty(); // false
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 不可变
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String str = "hello";
|
||||
str.concat("world");
|
||||
// 输出: hello
|
||||
System.out.println(str);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String str = "hello";
|
||||
String concat = str.concat("world");
|
||||
// 输出: helloworld
|
||||
System.out.println(concat);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
一旦创建就不能修改，任何修改都会创建一个新的String
|
||||
|
||||
Java 数组
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
### 申明 Declare
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int[] a1;
|
||||
int[] a2 = {1, 2, 3};
|
||||
int[] a3 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
|
||||
int[] a4 = new int[3];
|
||||
a4[0] = 1;
|
||||
a4[2] = 2;
|
||||
a4[3] = 3;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 修改 Modify
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int[] a = {1, 2, 3};
|
||||
System.out.println(a[0]); // 1
|
||||
a[0] = 9;
|
||||
System.out.println(a[0]); // 9
|
||||
System.out.println(a.length); // 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 循环 (读 & 写)
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
|
||||
for (int i=0; i < arr.length; i++) {
|
||||
arr[i] = arr[i] * 2;
|
||||
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 2 4 6
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Loop (Read)
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String[] arr = {"a", "b", "c"};
|
||||
for (int a: arr) {
|
||||
System.out.print(a + " ");
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: a b c
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Multidimensional Arrays
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int[][] matrix = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5} };
|
||||
int x = matrix[1][0]; // 4
|
||||
// [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]
|
||||
Arrays.deepToString(matrix)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
|
||||
for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; ++j) {
|
||||
System.out.println(a[i][j]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Sort
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
char[] chars = {'b', 'a', 'c'};
|
||||
Arrays.sort(chars);
|
||||
// [a, b, c]
|
||||
Arrays.toString(chars);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Java 条件语句
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
### 运算符
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
- `+` _(加法运算符(也用于字符串连接))_
|
||||
- `-` _(减法运算符)_
|
||||
- `*` _(乘法运算符)_
|
||||
- `/` _(分区运算符)_
|
||||
- `%` _(余数运算符)_
|
||||
- `=` _(简单赋值运算符)_
|
||||
- `++` _(增量运算符；将值增加 1)_
|
||||
- `--` _(递减运算符；将值减 1)_
|
||||
- `!` _(逻辑补码运算符；反转布尔值)_
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
- `==` _(等于)_
|
||||
- `!=` _(不等于)_
|
||||
- `>` _(比...更棒)_
|
||||
- `>=` _(大于或等于)_
|
||||
- `<` _(少于)_
|
||||
- `<=` _(小于或等于)_
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-2 style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
- `&&` _条件与_
|
||||
- `||` _条件或_
|
||||
- [?:](#三元运算符) _三元(if-then-else 语句的简写)_
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
- `instanceof` _(将对象与指定类型进行比较)_
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
- `~` _(一元按位补码)_
|
||||
- `<<` _(签名左移)_
|
||||
- `>>` _(有符号右移)_
|
||||
- `>>>` _(无符号右移)_
|
||||
- `&` _(按位与)_
|
||||
- `^` _(按位异或)_
|
||||
- `|` _(按位包含 OR)_
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-2 style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
### If else
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int k = 15;
|
||||
if (k > 20) {
|
||||
System.out.println(1);
|
||||
} else if (k > 10) {
|
||||
System.out.println(2);
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
System.out.println(3);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Switch
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int month = 3;
|
||||
String str;
|
||||
switch (month) {
|
||||
case 1:
|
||||
str = "January";
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 2:
|
||||
str = "February";
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 3:
|
||||
str = "March";
|
||||
break;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
str = "Some other month";
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: Result March
|
||||
System.out.println("Result " + str);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 三元运算符
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int a = 10;
|
||||
int b = 20;
|
||||
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
|
||||
// 输出: 20
|
||||
System.out.println(max);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Java 循环
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
### For 循环
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
|
||||
System.out.print(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 0123456789
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
for (int i = 0,j = 0; i < 3; i++,j--) {
|
||||
System.out.print(j + "|" + i + " ");
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 0|0 -1|1 -2|2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 增强的 For 循环
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int[] numbers = {1,2,3,4,5};
|
||||
for (int number: numbers) {
|
||||
System.out.print(number);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 12345
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
用于循环数组或列表
|
||||
|
||||
### While 循环
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
while (count < 5) {
|
||||
System.out.print(count);
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 01234
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Do While 循环
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
do {
|
||||
System.out.print(count);
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
} while (count < 5);
|
||||
// 输出: 01234
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 继续声明
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
|
||||
if (i == 3) {
|
||||
continue;
|
||||
}
|
||||
System.out.print(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 01245
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 中断语句
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
|
||||
System.out.print(i);
|
||||
if (i == 3) {
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 输出: 0123
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Java 框架搜集
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
### Java 搜集
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2 row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
搜集 | Interface | 有序 | 已排序 | 线程安全 | 复制 | Nullable
|
||||
:-|:-|:-|:-|:-|:-|:-
|
||||
[ArrayList](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ArrayList.html) | List | Y | _N_ | _N_ | Y | Y
|
||||
[Vector](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Vector.html) | List | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | Y
|
||||
[LinkedList](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/LinkedList.html) | List, Deque | Y | _N_ | _N_ | Y | Y
|
||||
[CopyOnWriteArrayList](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CopyOnWriteArrayList.html) | List | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | Y
|
||||
[HashSet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/HashSet.html) | Set | _N_ | _N_ | _N_ | _N_ | One `null`
|
||||
[LinkedHashSet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/LinkedHashSet.html) | Set | Y | _N_ | _N_ | _N_ | One `null`
|
||||
[TreeSet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/TreeSet.html) | Set | Y | Y | _N_ | _N_ | _N_
|
||||
[CopyOnWriteArraySet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CopyOnWriteArraySet.html) | Set | Y | _N_ | Y | _N_ | One `null`
|
||||
[ConcurrentSkipListSet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentSkipListSet.html) | Set | Y | Y | Y | _N_ | _N_
|
||||
[HashMap](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/HashMap.html) | Map | _N_ | _N_ | _N_ | _N (key)_ | One `null` _(key)_
|
||||
[HashTable](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Hashtable.html) | Map | _N_ | _N_ | Y | _N (key)_ | _N (key)_
|
||||
[LinkedHashMap](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/LinkedHashMap.html) | Map | Y | _N_ | _N_ | _N (key)_ | One `null` _(key)_
|
||||
[TreeMap](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/TreeMap.html) | Map | Y | Y | _N_ | _N (key)_ | _N (key)_
|
||||
[ConcurrentHashMap](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentHashMap.html) | Map | _N_ | _N_ | Y | _N (key)_ | _N_
|
||||
[ConcurrentSkipListMap](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentSkipListMap.html) | Map | Y | Y | Y | _N (key)_ | _N_
|
||||
[ArrayDeque](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ArrayDeque.html) | Deque | Y | _N_ | _N_ | Y | _N_
|
||||
[PriorityQueue](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/PriorityQueue.html) | Queue | Y | _N_ | _N_ | Y | _N_
|
||||
[ConcurrentLinkedQueue](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentLinkedQueue.html) | Queue | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | _N_
|
||||
[ConcurrentLinkedDeque](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentLinkedDeque.html) | Deque | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | _N_
|
||||
[ArrayBlockingQueue](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ArrayBlockingQueue.html) | Queue | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | _N_
|
||||
[LinkedBlockingDeque](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/LinkedBlockingDeque.html) | Deque | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | _N_
|
||||
[PriorityBlockingQueue](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/PriorityBlockingQueue.html) | Queue | Y | _N_ | Y | Y | _N_
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||||
|
||||
### ArrayList
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>();
|
||||
// 添加
|
||||
nums.add(2);
|
||||
nums.add(5);
|
||||
nums.add(8);
|
||||
// 检索
|
||||
System.out.println(nums.get(0));
|
||||
// 为循环迭代编制索引
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
|
||||
System.out.println(nums.get(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums.remove(nums.size() - 1);
|
||||
nums.remove(0); // 非常慢
|
||||
for (Integer value : nums) {
|
||||
System.out.println(value);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### HashMap
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
Map<Integer, String> m = new HashMap<>();
|
||||
m.put(5, "Five");
|
||||
m.put(8, "Eight");
|
||||
m.put(6, "Six");
|
||||
m.put(4, "Four");
|
||||
m.put(2, "Two");
|
||||
// 检索
|
||||
System.out.println(m.get(6));
|
||||
// Lambda forEach
|
||||
m.forEach((key, value) -> {
|
||||
String msg = key + ": " + value;
|
||||
System.out.println(msg);
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### HashSet
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
|
||||
if (set.isEmpty()) {
|
||||
System.out.println("Empty!");
|
||||
}
|
||||
set.add("dog");
|
||||
set.add("cat");
|
||||
set.add("mouse");
|
||||
set.add("snake");
|
||||
set.add("bear");
|
||||
if (set.contains("cat")) {
|
||||
System.out.println("Contains cat");
|
||||
}
|
||||
set.remove("cat");
|
||||
for (String element : set) {
|
||||
System.out.println(element);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### ArrayDeque
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
Deque<String> a = new ArrayDeque<>();
|
||||
// 使用 add()
|
||||
a.add("Dog");
|
||||
// 使用 addFirst()
|
||||
a.addFirst("Cat");
|
||||
// 使用 addLast()
|
||||
a.addLast("Horse");
|
||||
// [Cat, Dog, Horse]
|
||||
System.out.println(a);
|
||||
// 访问元素
|
||||
System.out.println(a.peek());
|
||||
// 移除元素
|
||||
System.out.println(a.pop());
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
杂项 Misc
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
### 访问修饰符
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
| 修饰符 | Class | Package | Subclass | World |
|
||||
|-------------|-------|---------|----------|-------|
|
||||
| public | Y | Y | Y | Y |
|
||||
| protected | Y | Y | Y | _N_ |
|
||||
| no modifier | Y | Y | _N_ | _N_ |
|
||||
| private | Y | _N_ | _N_ | _N_ |
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||||
|
||||
### 常用表达
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
String text = "I am learning Java";
|
||||
// 删除所有空格
|
||||
text.replaceAll("\\s+", "");
|
||||
// 拆分字符串
|
||||
text.split("\\|");
|
||||
text.split(Pattern.quote("|"));
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
查看: [Regex in java](./regex.md#java-中的正则表达式)
|
||||
|
||||
### 注释 Comment
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
// 我是单行注释！
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
而我是一个
|
||||
多行注释！
|
||||
*/
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 这个
|
||||
* 是
|
||||
* 文档
|
||||
* 注释
|
||||
*/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 关键字
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
- abstract
|
||||
- continue
|
||||
- for
|
||||
- new
|
||||
- switch
|
||||
- assert
|
||||
- default
|
||||
- goto
|
||||
- package
|
||||
- synchronized
|
||||
- boolean
|
||||
- do
|
||||
- if
|
||||
- private
|
||||
- this
|
||||
- break
|
||||
- double
|
||||
- implements
|
||||
- protected
|
||||
- throw
|
||||
- byte
|
||||
- else
|
||||
- import
|
||||
- public
|
||||
- throws
|
||||
- case
|
||||
- enum
|
||||
- instanceof
|
||||
- return
|
||||
- transient
|
||||
- catch
|
||||
- extends
|
||||
- int
|
||||
- short
|
||||
- try
|
||||
- char
|
||||
- final
|
||||
- interface
|
||||
- static
|
||||
- void
|
||||
- class
|
||||
- finally
|
||||
- long
|
||||
- strictfp
|
||||
- volatile
|
||||
- const
|
||||
- float
|
||||
- native
|
||||
- super
|
||||
- while
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=cols-7 style-none-->
|
||||
|
||||
### 数学方法
|
||||
|
||||
方法 | 说明
|
||||
:-|:-
|
||||
`Math.max(a,b)` | `a` 和 `b` 的最大值
|
||||
`Math.min(a,b)` | `a` 和 `b` 的最小值
|
||||
`Math.abs(a)` | 绝对值
|
||||
`Math.sqrt(a)` | `a` 的平方根
|
||||
`Math.pow(a,b)` | `b` 的幂
|
||||
`Math.round(a)` | 最接近的整数
|
||||
`Math.sin(ang)` | 正弦
|
||||
`Math.cos(ang)` | `ang` 的余弦
|
||||
`Math.tan(ang)` | `ang` 的切线
|
||||
`Math.asin(ang)` | `ang` 的反正弦
|
||||
`Math.log(a)` | `a` 的自然对数
|
||||
`Math.toDegrees(rad)` | 以度为单位的角度弧度
|
||||
`Math.toRadians(deg)` | 以弧度为单位的角度度
|
||||
|
||||
### Try/Catch/Finally
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
try {
|
||||
// something
|
||||
} catch (Exception e) {
|
||||
e.printStackTrace();
|
||||
} finally {
|
||||
System.out.println("always printed");
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
另见
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
- [Java 官网](https://www.java.com/zh-CN/) _(java.com)_
|
||||
226
docs/lsof.md
Normal file
226
docs/lsof.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
|
||||
Lsof 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
这个快速参考备忘单提供了使用 lsof 命令的各种方法。
|
||||
|
||||
入门
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
### 介绍
|
||||
|
||||
**lsof** 表示 `L`i`s`t `O`pen `F`iles 用于查找哪个进程打开了哪些文件
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof
|
||||
$ sudo lsof -u root
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定于端口
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof -i :8080
|
||||
$ lsof -i :80 -i :22
|
||||
$ lsof -i TCP:22
|
||||
$ lsof -i TCP:1-1024
|
||||
$ lsof -i UDP
|
||||
$ lsof -i @192.168.1.5
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定于进程
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof -c mysql
|
||||
$ lsof -c java
|
||||
$ lsof -c ssh
|
||||
$ lsof -c nginx
|
||||
$ lsof -c ssh -c httpd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定于用户
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof -u www-data
|
||||
$ lsof -u www-data -u ubuntu
|
||||
$ lsof -i -u ^root # 特定用户除外
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定于网络
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof -i 4 # 仅 IPv4
|
||||
$ lsof -i 6 # 仅 IPv6
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定的PID
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof -p 1753
|
||||
$ lsof -p ^3 # 除了某些pid
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定文件名
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof /var/log/messages
|
||||
$ lsof /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 特定目录
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lsof +D /var/log # 在目录内
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Kill
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ kill -9 `lsof -t -u apache`
|
||||
$ kill -9 $(lsof -t -i :8080)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 参数
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
-a # 列出打开文件存在的进程；
|
||||
-c<进程名> # 列出指定进程所打开的文件；
|
||||
-g # 列出GID号进程详情；
|
||||
-d<文件号> # 列出占用该文件号的进程；
|
||||
+d<目录> # 列出目录下被打开的文件；
|
||||
+D<目录> # 递归列出目录下被打开的文件；
|
||||
-n<目录> # 列出使用NFS的文件；
|
||||
-i<条件> # 列出符合条件的进程(协议,:端口,@ip)
|
||||
-p<进程号> # 列出指定进程号所打开的文件；
|
||||
-u # 列出UID号进程详情；
|
||||
-h # 显示帮助信息；
|
||||
-v # 显示版本信息
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 列出指定进程号所打开的文件
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
lsof -p $pid
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 获取端口对应的进程 ID=>pid
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
lsof -i:9981 -P -t -sTCP:LISTEN
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 列出打开文件的进程:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
lsof $filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
示例
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 示例
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ lsof
|
||||
command PID USER FD type DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
|
||||
init 1 root cwd DIR 8,2 4096 2 /
|
||||
init 1 root rtd DIR 8,2 4096 2 /
|
||||
init 1 root txt REG 8,2 43496 6121706 /sbin/init
|
||||
init 1 root mem REG 8,2 143600 7823908 /lib64/ld-2.5.so
|
||||
init 1 root mem REG 8,2 1722304 7823915 /lib64/libc-2.5.so
|
||||
init 1 root mem REG 8,2 23360 7823919 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so
|
||||
init 1 root mem REG 8,2 95464 7824116 /lib64/libselinux.so.1
|
||||
init 1 root mem REG 8,2 247496 7823947 /lib64/libsepol.so.1
|
||||
init 1 root 10u FIFO 0,17 1233 /dev/initctl
|
||||
migration 2 root cwd DIR 8,2 4096 2 /
|
||||
migration 2 root rtd DIR 8,2 4096 2 /
|
||||
migration 2 root txt unknown /proc/2/exe
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 文件描述符列表(FD)
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`cwd` | 表示当前工作目录，即：应用程序的当前工作目录，这是该应用程序启动的目录，除非它本身对这个目录进行更改
|
||||
`txt` | 该类型的文件是程序代码，如应用程序二进制文件本身或共享库，如上列表中显示的 /sbin/init 程序
|
||||
`lnn` | 库引用 (AIX);
|
||||
`er` | FD 信息错误（参见名称栏）
|
||||
`jld` | jail 目录 (FreeBSD);
|
||||
`ltx` | 共享库文本（代码和数据）
|
||||
`mxx` | 十六进制内存映射类型编号xx
|
||||
`m86` | DOS合并映射文件
|
||||
`mem` | 内存映射文件
|
||||
`mmap` | 内存映射设备
|
||||
`pd` | 父目录
|
||||
`rtd` | 根目录
|
||||
`tr` | 内核跟踪文件 (OpenBSD)
|
||||
`v86` | VP/ix 映射文件
|
||||
`0` | 表示标准输出
|
||||
`1` | 表示标准输入
|
||||
`2` | 表示标准错误
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=style-list-arrow-->
|
||||
|
||||
### 示例列信息
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`COMMAND` | 进程的名称
|
||||
`PID` | 进程标识符
|
||||
`PPID` | 父进程标识符（需要指定-R参数）
|
||||
`USER` | 进程所有者
|
||||
`PGID` | 进程所属组
|
||||
`FD` | 文件描述符，应用程序通过它识别该文件
|
||||
|
||||
### 标准输出/输入/错误文件状态模式(FD)
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`u` | 表示该文件被打开并处于读取/写入模式
|
||||
`r` | 表示该文件被打开并处于只读模式
|
||||
`w` | 表示该文件被打开并处于写入模式
|
||||
`空格` | 表示该文件的状态模式为 unknow，且没有锁定
|
||||
`-` | 表示该文件的状态模式为 unknow，且被锁定
|
||||
|
||||
一般在[标准输出/输入/错误](#文件描述符列表fd)后还跟着文件状态模式
|
||||
|
||||
### 文件状态模锁 (FD)
|
||||
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`N` | 对于未知类型的Solaris NFS锁
|
||||
`r` | 用于部分文件的读取锁定
|
||||
`R` | 对整个文件进行读取锁定
|
||||
`w` | 对文件的一部分进行写锁定(文件的部分写锁)
|
||||
`W` | 对整个文件进行写锁定(整个文件的写锁)
|
||||
`u` | 用于任何长度的读写锁
|
||||
`U` | 对于未知类型的锁
|
||||
`x` | 对于文件部分的SCO OpenServer Xenix锁
|
||||
`X` | 对于整个文件的SCO OpenServer Xenix锁
|
||||
`space` | 如果没有锁
|
||||
|
||||
在[文件状态模式](#标准输出输入错误文件状态模式fd)后面，还跟着相关的锁
|
||||
|
||||
### 文件类型
|
||||
|
||||
标识 | 说明
|
||||
:- | :-
|
||||
`DIR` | 表示目录
|
||||
`CHR` | 表示字符类型
|
||||
`BLK` | 块设备类型
|
||||
`UNIX` | UNIX 域套接字
|
||||
`FIFO` | 先进先出 (FIFO) 队列
|
||||
`IPv4` | 网际协议 (IP) 套接字
|
||||
`DEVICE` | 指定磁盘的名称
|
||||
`SIZE` | 文件的大小
|
||||
`NODE` | 索引节点（文件在磁盘上的标识）
|
||||
`NAME` | 打开文件的确切名称
|
||||
`REG` | 常规文件
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
另见
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
- [lsof 命令帮助文档](https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/c/lsof.html) _(jaywcjlove.github.io)_
|
||||
107
docs/mime.md
Normal file
107
docs/mime.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
||||
MIME 类型 备忘清单
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
此备忘单列出了一些常见的 Web MIME 类型。 您可以查看包含所有已注册 MIME 类型的 [IANA/MIME 媒体类型注册表](https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml)。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
入门
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
### 介绍
|
||||
<!--rehype:style=display:none;&wrap-style=padding-top:0;&wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
- MIME 类型注册表关联特定的文件扩展名和文件名模式
|
||||
- MIME（多用途 Internet 邮件扩展）类型又名媒体类型
|
||||
- MIME 类型在 IETF 的 RFC 6838 中定义和标准化
|
||||
- 表示文档、文件或字节分类的性质和格式。
|
||||
- 对于 Internet 上的文件格式或格式内容
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=style-round-->
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
MIME 类型列表
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
### 常见的 MIME（媒体）类型
|
||||
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-3-->
|
||||
|
||||
扩展名 | MIME 类型(内容类型） | 文件种类
|
||||
:-|:-|:-
|
||||
\.aac | audio/aac | AAC 音频
|
||||
\.abw | application/x\-abiword | AbiWord 文档
|
||||
\.arc | application/x\-freearc | 存档文档（嵌入多个文件）
|
||||
\.avi | video/x\-msvideo | AVI: 音频视频交错
|
||||
\.azw | application/vnd\.amazon\.ebook | 亚马逊 Kindle 电子书格式
|
||||
\.bin | application/octet\-stream | 任何类型的二进制数据
|
||||
\.bmp | image/bmp | Windows OS/2 位图图形
|
||||
\.bz | application/x\-bzip | BZip 存档
|
||||
\.bz2 | application/x\-bzip2 | BZip2 存档
|
||||
\.csh | application/x\-csh | C\-Shell 脚本
|
||||
\.css | text/css | 级联样式表 (CSS)
|
||||
\.csv | text/csv | 逗号分隔值 (CSV)
|
||||
\.doc | application/msword | 微软 Word
|
||||
\.docx | application/vnd\.openxmlformats\-officedocument\.wordprocessingml\.document | 微软 Word (OpenXML)
|
||||
\.eot | application/vnd\.ms\-fontobject | MS 嵌入式 OpenType 字体
|
||||
\.epub | application/epub\+zip | 电子出版物 (EPUB)
|
||||
\.gz | application/gzip | GZip 压缩存档
|
||||
\.gif | image/gif | 图形交换格式 (GIF)
|
||||
\.htm \.html | text/html | 超文本标记语言 (HTML)
|
||||
\.ico | image/vnd\.microsoft\.icon | 图标格式
|
||||
\.ics | text/calendar | iCalendar 格式
|
||||
\.jar | application/java\-archive | Java 存档 (JAR)
|
||||
\.jpeg \.jpg | image/jpeg | JPEG 图像
|
||||
\.js | text/javascript | JavaScript
|
||||
\.json | application/json | JSON格式
|
||||
\.jsonld | application/ld\+json | JSON\-LD 格式
|
||||
\.mid \.midi | audio/midi audio/x\-midi | 乐器数字接口 (MIDI)
|
||||
\.mjs | text/javascript | JavaScript 模块
|
||||
\.mp3 | audio/mpeg | MP3 音频
|
||||
\.mpeg | video/mpeg | MPEG 视频
|
||||
\.mpkg | application/vnd\.apple\.installer\+xml | Apple 安装程序包
|
||||
\.odp | application/vnd\.oasis\.opendocument\.presentation | OpenDocument 演示文档
|
||||
\.ods | application/vnd\.oasis\.opendocument\.spreadsheet | OpenDocument 电子表格文档
|
||||
\.odt | application/vnd\.oasis\.opendocument\.text | OpenDocument 文本文档
|
||||
\.oga | audio/ogg | OGG 音频
|
||||
\.ogv | video/ogg | OGG 视频
|
||||
\.ogx | application/ogg | OGG
|
||||
\.opus | audio/opus | Opus 音频
|
||||
\.otf | font/otf | OpenType 字体
|
||||
\.png | image/png | 便携式网络图形
|
||||
\.pdf | application/pdf | Adobe 便携式文档格式 (PDF)
|
||||
\.php | application/php | 超文本预处理器（个人主页）
|
||||
\.ppt | application/vnd\.ms\-powerpoint | 微软PowerPoint
|
||||
\.pptx | application/vnd\.openxmlformats\-officedocument\.presentationml\.presentation | 微软 PowerPoint (OpenXML)
|
||||
\.rar | application/vnd\.rar | RAR 存档
|
||||
\.rtf | application/rtf | 富文本格式 (RTF)
|
||||
\.sh | application/x\-sh | Bourne shell 脚本
|
||||
\.svg | image/svg\+xml | 可缩放矢量图形 (SVG)
|
||||
\.swf | application/x\-shockwave\-flash | 小型 Web 格式 (SWF) 或 Adobe Flash 文档
|
||||
\.tar | application/x\-tar | Tape 存档 (TAR)
|
||||
\.tif \.tiff | image/tiff | 标记图像文件格式 (TIFF)
|
||||
\.ts | video/mp2t | MPEG 传输流
|
||||
\.ttf | font/ttf | TrueType 字体
|
||||
\.txt | text/plain | 文本，（通常为 ASCII 或 ISO 8859\-n）
|
||||
\.vsd | application/vnd\.visio | 微软 Visio
|
||||
\.wav | audio/wav | Waveform 音频格式
|
||||
\.weba | audio/webm | WEBM 音频
|
||||
\.webm | video/webm | WEBM视频
|
||||
\.webp | image/webp | WEBP图像
|
||||
\.woff | font/woff | Web 开放字体格式 (WOFF)
|
||||
\.woff2 | font/woff2 | Web 开放字体格式 (WOFF)
|
||||
\.xhtml | application/xhtml\+xml | XHTML
|
||||
\.xls | application/vnd\.ms\-excel | Microsoft Excel
|
||||
\.xlsx | application/vnd\.openxmlformats\-officedocument\.spreadsheetml\.sheet | Microsoft Excel (OpenXML)
|
||||
\.xml | application/xml 如果临时用户不可读(RFC 3023，第 3 节) text/xml，如果临时用户可读(RFC 3023，第 3 节) | XML
|
||||
\.xul | application/vnd\.mozilla\.xul\+xml | XUL
|
||||
\.zip | application/zip | ZIP 档案
|
||||
\.3gp | video/3gpp audio/3gpp 如果它不包含视频 | 3GPP 音视频容器
|
||||
\.3g2 | video/3gpp2 audio/3gpp2 如果它不包含视频 | 3GPP2 音视频容器
|
||||
\.7z | application/x\-7z\-compressed | 7-zip 存档
|
||||
\.markdown \.md | text/markdown | Markdown 文件
|
||||
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
|
||||
|
||||
另见
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
- [iana mime.types](http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml) _(iana.org)_
|
||||
- [apache mime.types](http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk/docs/conf/mime.types) _(svn.apache.org)_
|
||||
- [nginx mime.types](http://hg.nginx.org/nginx/raw-file/default/conf/mime.types) _(hg.nginx.org)_
|
||||
@ -232,10 +232,16 @@ const school = <div>学校</div>;
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
```html preview
|
||||
这里是你的 HTML 代码
|
||||
<b>这里是你的 HTML 代码</b>
|
||||
\```
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
```html preview
|
||||
<b>这里是你的 HTML 代码</b>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面的 `markdown` 代码在 `meta` 位置添加 `preview` 标识，HTML 代码将被执行预览
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "@wcj/reference",
|
||||
"version": "1.11.1",
|
||||
"version": "1.14.0",
|
||||
"description": "为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单(主要是方便自己)。",
|
||||
"author": "jaywcjlove",
|
||||
"license": "MIT",
|
||||
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
|
||||
},
|
||||
"keywords": [],
|
||||
"devDependencies": {
|
||||
"@wcj/markdown-to-html": "^2.1.1",
|
||||
"@wcj/markdown-to-html": "^2.1.2",
|
||||
"chokidar": "^3.5.3",
|
||||
"fs-extra": "^10.1.0",
|
||||
"husky": "^8.0.1",
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
|
||||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
|
||||
<path d="M19.54 5.08A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 11.91 2a10 10 0 0 0-.05 20 2.58 2.58 0 0 0 2.53-1.89 2.52 2.52 0 0 0-.57-2.28.5.5 0 0 1 .37-.83h1.65A6.15 6.15 0 0 0 22 11.33a8.48 8.48 0 0 0-2.46-6.25Zm-12.7 9.66a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 .4-2.08 1.49 1.49 0 0 1-.4 2.08ZM8.3 9.25a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-.55-2 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .55 2ZM11 7a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 1.5-1.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 11 7Zm5.75.8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 .55-2 1.5 1.5 0 0 1-.55 2Z" style="fill:#231f20" id="color-palette-2"/>
|
||||
<path d="M19.54 5.08A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 11.91 2a10 10 0 0 0-.05 20 2.58 2.58 0 0 0 2.53-1.89 2.52 2.52 0 0 0-.57-2.28.5.5 0 0 1 .37-.83h1.65A6.15 6.15 0 0 0 22 11.33a8.48 8.48 0 0 0-2.46-6.25Zm-12.7 9.66a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 .4-2.08 1.49 1.49 0 0 1-.4 2.08ZM8.3 9.25a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-.55-2 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 .55 2ZM11 7a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 1.5-1.5A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 11 7Zm5.75.8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 .55-2 1.5 1.5 0 0 1-.55 2Z" />
|
||||
</svg>
|
||||
|
||||
|
Before Width: | Height: | Size: 555 B After Width: | Height: | Size: 514 B |
3
scripts/assets/java.svg
Normal file
3
scripts/assets/java.svg
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
|
||||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 384 512" height="1em" width="1em">
|
||||
<path d="M277.74 312.9c9.8-6.7 23.4-12.5 23.4-12.5s-38.7 7-77.2 10.2c-47.1 3.9-97.7 4.7-123.1 1.3-60.1-8 33-30.1 33-30.1s-36.1-2.4-80.6 19c-52.5 25.4 130 37 224.5 12.1zm-85.4-32.1c-19-42.7-83.1-80.2 0-145.8C296 53.2 242.84 0 242.84 0c21.5 84.5-75.6 110.1-110.7 162.6-23.9 35.9 11.7 74.4 60.2 118.2zm114.6-176.2c.1 0-175.2 43.8-91.5 140.2 24.7 28.4-6.5 54-6.5 54s62.7-32.4 33.9-72.9c-26.9-37.8-47.5-56.6 64.1-121.3zm-6.1 270.5a12.19 12.19 0 0 1-2 2.6c128.3-33.7 81.1-118.9 19.8-97.3a17.33 17.33 0 0 0-8.2 6.3 70.45 70.45 0 0 1 11-3c31-6.5 75.5 41.5-20.6 91.4zM348 437.4s14.5 11.9-15.9 21.2c-57.9 17.5-240.8 22.8-291.6.7-18.3-7.9 16-19 26.8-21.3 11.2-2.4 17.7-2 17.7-2-20.3-14.3-131.3 28.1-56.4 40.2C232.84 509.4 401 461.3 348 437.4zM124.44 396c-78.7 22 47.9 67.4 148.1 24.5a185.89 185.89 0 0 1-28.2-13.8c-44.7 8.5-65.4 9.1-106 4.5-33.5-3.8-13.9-15.2-13.9-15.2zm179.8 97.2c-78.7 14.8-175.8 13.1-233.3 3.6 0-.1 11.8 9.7 72.4 13.6 92.2 5.9 233.8-3.3 237.1-46.9 0 0-6.4 16.5-76.2 29.7zM260.64 353c-59.2 11.4-93.5 11.1-136.8 6.6-33.5-3.5-11.6-19.7-11.6-19.7-86.8 28.8 48.2 61.4 169.5 25.9a60.37 60.37 0 0 1-21.1-12.8z"/>
|
||||
</svg>
|
||||
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 1.2 KiB |
@ -48,11 +48,18 @@ export function create(str = '', options = {}) {
|
||||
],
|
||||
filterPlugins: (type, plugins = []) => {
|
||||
if (type === 'rehype') {
|
||||
let rehypePrism = null;
|
||||
const dt = plugins.filter((plug) => {
|
||||
return /(rehypeRaw)/.test(plug.name) ? false : true;
|
||||
if (Array.isArray(plug) && /(rehypePrism)/.test(plug[0].name)) {
|
||||
rehypePrism = plug;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return /(rehypeRaw|rehypePrism)/.test(plug.name) ? false : true;
|
||||
});
|
||||
// 放在 rehypeDocument 前面
|
||||
dt.unshift(rehypeRaw);
|
||||
if (rehypePrism) {
|
||||
dt.unshift(rehypePrism);
|
||||
}
|
||||
dt.unshift(rehypePreviewHTML);
|
||||
return dt;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -169,16 +169,16 @@ pur {
|
||||
color: var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap-body > p > code,
|
||||
.wrap-body > ul li > code,
|
||||
.wrap-body tbody td code {
|
||||
:is(.h3wrap-body, .wrap-body) p > code,
|
||||
:is(.h3wrap-body, .wrap-body) ul li > code,
|
||||
:is(.h3wrap-body, .wrap-body) tbody td code {
|
||||
--text-opacity: 1;
|
||||
color: rgb(5 150 105 / var(--text-opacity));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap-body em,
|
||||
.wrap-body sup,
|
||||
.wrap-body sub {
|
||||
:is(.h3wrap-body, .wrap-body) em,
|
||||
:is(.h3wrap-body, .wrap-body) sup,
|
||||
:is(.h3wrap-body, .wrap-body) sub {
|
||||
color: var(--color-fg-subtle);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ table td:first-child > code {
|
||||
}
|
||||
table td > del,
|
||||
table td:first-child > del > code,
|
||||
.wrap-body p > del > code {
|
||||
.h3wrap-body p > del > code {
|
||||
color: var(--color-danger-fg);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -365,6 +365,21 @@ body.home .max-container a.home-button:visited:hover {
|
||||
gap: 2rem;
|
||||
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
|
||||
}
|
||||
.home-card a.contributing {
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.home-card a.contributing::after {
|
||||
color: var(--color-fg-muted);
|
||||
content: '👆待完善需要您的参与';
|
||||
display: block;
|
||||
position: absolute;
|
||||
font-size: 10px;
|
||||
left: 5px;
|
||||
bottom: -15px;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.home-card a.contributing:hover:after {
|
||||
color: var(--color-fg-muted);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[data-color-mode*='light'] body .home-card a {
|
||||
--text-opacity: 0.75;
|
||||
@ -576,6 +591,7 @@ a.text-grey {
|
||||
|
||||
.menu-tocs > .menu-modal a.leve2 {
|
||||
font-weight: bold;
|
||||
color: var(--color-fg-default);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.menu-tocs > .menu-modal a.leve3 {
|
||||
@ -623,6 +639,16 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
display: initial;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap.h3body-exist .wrap-header.h3wrap {
|
||||
flex: initial;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap.h3body-exist > .h3wrap-body {
|
||||
flex: 1;
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
flex-direction: column;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap-header.h3wrap {
|
||||
z-index: 0;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
@ -649,7 +675,7 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap-header.h3wrap > .wrap-body p,
|
||||
.wrap-header.h4wrap > .wrap-body p {
|
||||
.h3wrap-body p {
|
||||
margin: 0px;
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
padding-left: 1rem;
|
||||
@ -672,7 +698,8 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
border-radius: 0.5rem 0.5rem 0 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.wrap-header.h3wrap > .wrap-body p:not(:first-child):last-child {
|
||||
.wrap-header.h3wrap > .wrap-body p:not(:first-child):last-child,
|
||||
.h3wrap-body p:not(:first-child):last-child {
|
||||
margin-top: auto;
|
||||
border-radius: 0 0 0.5rem 0.5rem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -685,7 +712,9 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
flex-direction: column;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.h4wrap > h4 {
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > h4,
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > h5,
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > h6 {
|
||||
border-color: transparent;
|
||||
background-color: var(--color-neutral-muted);
|
||||
color: var(--color-fg-default);
|
||||
@ -699,12 +728,12 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.h4wrap > .wrap-body ul,
|
||||
.h4wrap > .wrap-body ol,
|
||||
.h4wrap > .wrap-body dl,
|
||||
.h3wrap > .wrap-body ul,
|
||||
.h3wrap > .wrap-body ol,
|
||||
.h3wrap > .wrap-body dl {
|
||||
.h3wrap .wrap-body > ul,
|
||||
.h3wrap .wrap-body > ol,
|
||||
.h3wrap .wrap-body > dl,
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > ul,
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > ol,
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > dl {
|
||||
margin-top: 0.5rem;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
|
||||
display: grid;
|
||||
@ -712,10 +741,6 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
grid-template-columns: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.h4wrap > .wrap-body ul + hr {
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.h3wrap > .wrap-body ul:not(:last-child),
|
||||
.h3wrap > .wrap-body ol,
|
||||
.h3wrap > .wrap-body dl {
|
||||
@ -841,7 +866,7 @@ body:not(.home) .h2wrap-body > .wrap:hover .h3wrap > h3 a::after {
|
||||
box-shadow: 0 0 #0000, 0 0 #0000, 0 6px 8px rgba(102, 119, 136, 0.03), 0 1px 2px rgba(102, 119, 136, 0.3);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.h2wrap-body > .wrap .wrap-body > *:last-child {
|
||||
.h3wrap-body > *:last-child {
|
||||
border-radius: 0 0 0.5rem 0.5rem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ function anchorPoint() {
|
||||
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.h2wrap-body .wrap')).forEach((elm) => elm.classList.remove('active'))
|
||||
if (elm?.tagName === 'H3') {
|
||||
elm?.parentElement?.parentElement?.classList.add('active');
|
||||
const box = elm?.parentElement?.parentElement;
|
||||
console.log('elm:2', box, document.querySelectorAll('.h2wrap-body .wrap'))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
anchorPoint();
|
||||
@ -23,7 +21,6 @@ function updateAnchor(element) {
|
||||
tocanchor.classList.remove('is-active-link');
|
||||
});
|
||||
const anchor = element || document.querySelector(\`a.tocs-link[href='\${decodeURIComponent(window.location.hash)}']\`);
|
||||
console.log('anchor', anchor)
|
||||
if (anchor) {
|
||||
anchor.classList.add('is-active-link');
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -81,8 +81,11 @@ export function getTocsTree(arr = [], result = []) {
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (toc.number === level && titleNum(toc.tagName) === level) {
|
||||
const header = getHeader(data.slice(n), level);
|
||||
const childs = getChilds([...data.slice(n + 1)], level);
|
||||
const resultChilds = getTocsTree(childs);
|
||||
const wrapCls = ['wrap'];
|
||||
const headerCls = ['wrap-header', `h${level}wrap`];
|
||||
wrapCls.push(`h${level}body-${resultChilds.length === 0 ? 'not-' : ''}exist`);
|
||||
|
||||
if (level === 1) wrapCls.push('max-container');
|
||||
const wrapStyle = toc.properties['wrap-style'];
|
||||
@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ export function getTocsTree(arr = [], result = []) {
|
||||
const wrapClass = toc.properties['wrap-class'];
|
||||
if (wrapClass) wrapCls.push(wrapClass);
|
||||
delete toc.properties['wrap-class'];
|
||||
const panle = {
|
||||
let panle = {
|
||||
type: 'element',
|
||||
tagName: 'div',
|
||||
properties: { class: wrapCls, style: wrapStyle },
|
||||
@ -111,13 +114,17 @@ export function getTocsTree(arr = [], result = []) {
|
||||
},
|
||||
],
|
||||
};
|
||||
const childs = getChilds([...data.slice(n + 1)], level);
|
||||
const resultChilds = getTocsTree(childs);
|
||||
if (titleNum(toc.tagName) > 3) {
|
||||
panle = [toc, ...header];
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (resultChilds.length > 0) {
|
||||
const bodyStyle = toc.properties['body-style'];
|
||||
delete toc.properties['body-style'];
|
||||
const bodyClass = toc.properties['body-class'];
|
||||
delete toc.properties['body-class'];
|
||||
if (Array.isArray(panle)) {
|
||||
panle = panle.concat(resultChilds);
|
||||
} else if (panle.children) {
|
||||
panle.children = panle.children.concat({
|
||||
type: 'element',
|
||||
tagName: 'div',
|
||||
@ -125,8 +132,13 @@ export function getTocsTree(arr = [], result = []) {
|
||||
children: [...resultChilds],
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (Array.isArray(panle)) {
|
||||
result = result.concat(panle);
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
result.push(panle);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
n++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user