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feat(docs): add Erlang cheat sheet (#673)
Create an Erlang备忘清单 in markdown format to document common commands and
operations for Erlang programming, including入门, 代码结构, 常用内置函数 (BIFs),
并发编程, 错误处理, 分布式编程, OTP框架, 和测试.
This cheat sheet aims to provide a quick reference for Erlang developers and
learners, summarizing key points and examples for various aspects of the
language. 09fd8603cb
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en" data-color-mode="dark">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Erlang 备忘清单
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& erlang cheatsheet & Quick Reference</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<meta description="Erlang 是一种用于构建并发、分布式和容错系统的编程语言。以下是一些常用的命令和操作。
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入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<meta keywords="erlang,reference,Quick,Reference,cheatsheet,cheat,sheet">
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</svg><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#erlang-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Erlang 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>Erlang 是一种用于构建并发、分布式和容错系统的编程语言。以下是一些常用的命令和操作。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#启动-erlang-shell">启动 Erlang Shell</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#编译代码">编译代码</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#运行代码">运行代码</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#退出-erlang-shell">退出 Erlang Shell</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#代码结构">代码结构</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#模块定义">模块定义</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#导出函数">导出函数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#注释">注释</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#常用内置函数-bifs">常用内置函数 (BIFs)</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#列表操作">列表操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#元组操作">元组操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#字符串操作">字符串操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#文件操作">文件操作</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#并发编程">并发编程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#创建进程">创建进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#发送消息">发送消息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#接收消息">接收消息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#链接进程">链接进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#监控进程">监控进程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#错误处理">错误处理</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#捕获异常">捕获异常</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#常见异常类型">常见异常类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#分布式编程">分布式编程</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#启动分布式节点">启动分布式节点</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#连接节点">连接节点</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#发送消息到远程节点">发送消息到远程节点</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#otp-框架">OTP 框架</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#定义-genserver">定义 GenServer</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#使用-genserver">使用 GenServer</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#测试">测试</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#编写-eunit-测试">编写 EUnit 测试</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#运行-eunit-测试">运行 EUnit 测试</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="启动-erlang-shell"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#启动-erlang-shell"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>启动 Erlang Shell</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">erl
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="编译代码"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#编译代码"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>编译代码</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在 Erlang Shell 中编译</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">c<span class="token punctuation">(</span>module<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在命令行中编译</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">erlc module.erl
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运行代码"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运行代码"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运行代码</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在 Erlang Shell 中运行</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">module:function<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 从命令行运行</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">erl <span class="token parameter variable">-noshell</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-s</span> module <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-s</span> init stop
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="退出-erlang-shell"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#退出-erlang-shell"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>退出 Erlang Shell</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">q<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="代码结构"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#代码结构"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>代码结构</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="模块定义"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#模块定义"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>模块定义</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">module</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token atom">module_name</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">export</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token atom">function_name</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token atom">arity</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
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</span><span class="code-line">
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">function_name</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Args</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token comment">% Function body.</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token variable">Result</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="导出函数"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#导出函数"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>导出函数</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">export</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token atom">function1</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">function2</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="注释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#注释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>注释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment">% 单行注释</span>
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||||
</span></code></pre>
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||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="常用内置函数-bifs"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常用内置函数-bifs"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常用内置函数 (BIFs)</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="列表操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#列表操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>列表操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">lists</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">List1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">List2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">lists</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">List</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">lists</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">List</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">lists</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">foldl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Acc</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">List</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="元组操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#元组操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>元组操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">element</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">N</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Tuple</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">setelement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">N</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Tuple</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Value</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tuple_size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Tuple</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="字符串操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#字符串操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>字符串操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">string</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">String</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">string</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">String1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">String2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">string</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">tokens</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">String</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Delimiters</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="文件操作"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件操作"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件操作</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">file</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">read_file</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Filename</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">file</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">write_file</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Filename</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">file</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Filename</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="并发编程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#并发编程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>并发编程</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">Pid</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">spawn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Module</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Args</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="发送消息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#发送消息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>发送消息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">Pid</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="接收消息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#接收消息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>接收消息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">receive</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token variable">Pattern1</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token variable">Actions1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token variable">Pattern2</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token variable">Actions2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">end</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="链接进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#链接进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>链接进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">link</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Pid</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">unlink</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Pid</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="监控进程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#监控进程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>监控进程</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token variable">MonitorRef</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token atom">erlang</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">monitor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token atom">process</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Pid</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">erlang</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">demonitor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">MonitorRef</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="错误处理"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#错误处理"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>错误处理</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="捕获异常"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#捕获异常"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>捕获异常</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token variable">Expression</span> <span class="token keyword">of</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token variable">Pattern</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token variable">Result</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">catch</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token variable">Class</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token variable">Reason</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token variable">Handler</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">end</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="常见异常类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#常见异常类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>常见异常类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><code>throw</code></li>
|
||||
<li><code>error</code></li>
|
||||
<li><code>exit</code></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="分布式编程"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#分布式编程"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>分布式编程</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="启动分布式节点"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#启动分布式节点"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>启动分布式节点</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">erl <span class="token parameter variable">-name</span> nodename@hostname <span class="token parameter variable">-setcookie</span> Cookie
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="连接节点"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#连接节点"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>连接节点</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">net_adm</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">ping</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Node</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="发送消息到远程节点"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#发送消息到远程节点"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>发送消息到远程节点</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">remote_process</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token quoted-atom atom">'remote_node@host'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">Message</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="otp-框架"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#otp-框架"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>OTP 框架</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="定义-genserver"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#定义-genserver"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>定义 GenServer</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">module</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token atom">my_gen_server</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">behaviour</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token atom">gen_server</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">export</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token atom">start_link</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">init</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">handle_call</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">handle_cast</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">handle_info</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">terminate</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token atom">code_change</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">start_link</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token atom">gen_server</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">start_link</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">local</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">?MODULE</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">?MODULE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">#</span><span class="token atom">state</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">handle_call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Request</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">From</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">reply</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Reply</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">handle_cast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Msg</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">noreply</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">handle_info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Info</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">noreply</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">terminate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Reason</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token atom">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">code_change</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">OldVsn</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Extra</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">ok</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">State</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="使用-genserver"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用-genserver"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>使用 GenServer</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">gen_server</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">start_link</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token atom">local</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Name</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Module</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Args</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Options</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">gen_server</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">ServerRef</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Request</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token atom">gen_server</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">cast</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">ServerRef</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Msg</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="测试"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#测试"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>测试</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="编写-eunit-测试"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#编写-eunit-测试"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>编写 EUnit 测试</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-erlang"><code class="language-erlang code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">module</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token atom">module_name_tests</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token function">include_lib</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"eunit/include/eunit.hrl"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">simple_test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> ?<span class="token function">assertEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Expected</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Actual</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">complex_test_</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">></span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"Test case 1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">?_assertEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Expected1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Actual1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"Test case 2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">?_assertEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">Expected2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">Actual2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line"> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="运行-eunit-测试"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运行-eunit-测试"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>运行 EUnit 测试</h3><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在命令行中运行</span>
|
||||
</span><span class="code-line">erl <span class="token parameter variable">-eval</span> <span class="token string">"eunit:test(module_name)"</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-s</span> init stop
|
||||
</span></code></pre>
|
||||
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://www.erlang.org/docs">Erlang 官方文档</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://www.erlang.org/books">Erlang 编程书籍</a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div></div><script src="https://giscus.app/client.js" data-repo="jaywcjlove/reference" data-repo-id="R_kgDOID2-Mw" data-category="Q&A" data-category-id="DIC_kwDOID2-M84CS5wo" data-mapping="pathname" data-strict="0" data-reactions-enabled="1" data-emit-metadata="0" data-input-position="bottom" data-theme="dark" data-lang="zh-CN" crossorigin="anonymous" async></script><div class="giscus"></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 <a href="https://wangchujiang.com/#/app" target="_blank">Kenny Wang</a>.</footer></footer><script src="../data.js?v=1.5.5" defer></script><script src="../js/fuse.min.js?v=1.5.5" defer></script><script src="../js/main.js?v=1.5.5" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
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|
||||
@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@
|
||||
<!--rehype:class=home-card home-links-->
|
||||
<p>如果你有资源，可以很方便<a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/issues/102#issue-1451649637">部署 web 版</a>，这非常简单，只需要克隆 <a href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/reference/tree/gh-pages">gh-pages</a> 分支代码到你的静态服务就可以了，还可以使用 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/wcjiang/reference">docker</a> 快捷部署 web 版。</p>
|
||||
|
||||
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div></div></div><footer class="footer-wrap"><footer class="max-container">© 2022 <a href="https://wangchujiang.com/#/app" target="_blank">Kenny Wang</a>. Updated on 2024/06/25 12:34:23</footer></footer><script src="data.js?v=1.5.5" defer></script><script src="js/fuse.min.js?v=1.5.5" defer></script><script src="js/main.js?v=1.5.5" defer></script><div id="mysearch"><div class="mysearch-box"><div class="mysearch-input"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 18 18">
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