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doc: update docs/chown.md #503 4c02dfd878
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<p>这份快速参考备忘单提供了改变文件或目录的所有者的简要概述，以及 chown 命令的操作</p>
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</div></header><div class="menu-tocs"><div class="menu-btn"><svg aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" data-view-component="true">
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<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 4a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2zm3.75-1.5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zm0 5a.75.75 0 000 1.5h8.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-8.5zM3 8a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1 6a1 1 0 100-2 1 1 0 000 2z"></path>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#用法">用法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#选项">选项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#把-varrunhttpdpid-的所有者设为-root">把 /var/run/httpd.pid 的所有者设为 root</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#将文件-file1txt-的拥有者设为-username-群体的使用者设为-groupname">将文件 file1.txt 的拥有者设为 username ，群体的使用者设为 groupname</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为-username-群体的使用者设为-groupname">将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为 username ，群体的使用者设为 groupname</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#不修改文件-file1txt-的拥有者将文件使用群体改为-groupname">不修改文件 file1.txt 的拥有者，将文件使用群体改为 groupname</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>"chown"是Linux/Unix系统中的一个命令，全称为"change owner"，用于改变文件或目录的所有者。这个命令可以更改某个文件或目录的属主（owner），也可以同时更改其属组（group）。</p>
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<p><strong>注意：只有超级用户（root）才有权限改变文件或目录的所有者。</strong></p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="用法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#用法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>用法</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#选项">选项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#示例-1">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更改文件所有者">更改文件所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#仅更改所有者">仅更改所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#递归更改目录及其内容的所有者">递归更改目录及其内容的所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更改所有者为当前用户">更改所有者为当前用户</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#递归并且不显示错误信息">递归并且不显示错误信息</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#仅更改组">仅更改组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#变更符号链接的所有者">变更符号链接的所有者</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#更改所有者为根用户">更改所有者为根用户</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#递归更改所有者为当前用户">递归更改所有者为当前用户</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户但保留组">将文件所有者更改为其他用户，但保留组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户同时更改组">将文件所有者更改为其他用户，同时更改组</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<p>Linux/Unix 系统中的一个命令，全称为 <code>change owner</code>，用于改变文件或目录的所有者</p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>选项<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>所有者<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>:<span class="token punctuation">[</span>组<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 文件或目录名
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="选项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>选项</h4>
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<p>命令可以更改某个文件或目录的属主（owner），也可以同时更改其属组（group）</p>
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<h4 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h4>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> :groupname file1.txt
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</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> username:groupname *
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</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> file.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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<p><code>注意</code> 只有超级用户(root)才有权限改变文件或目录的所有者</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="选项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>选项</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<ul>
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<li><code>-c</code> : 显示更改的部分的信息</li>
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<li><code>-f</code> : 忽略错误信息</li>
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@ -47,18 +52,63 @@
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<li><code>--help</code> : 显示辅助说明</li>
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<li><code>--version</code> : 显示版本</li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="把-varrunhttpdpid-的所有者设为-root"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#把-varrunhttpdpid-的所有者设为-root"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>把 /var/run/httpd.pid 的所有者设为 root</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> root /var/run/httpd.pid
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</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="示例-1"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h2><div class="wrap-body">
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</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更改文件所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更改文件所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更改文件所有者</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> root /var/run/httpd.pid
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="将文件-file1txt-的拥有者设为-username-群体的使用者设为-groupname"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#将文件-file1txt-的拥有者设为-username-群体的使用者设为-groupname"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>将文件 file1.txt 的拥有者设为 username ，群体的使用者设为 groupname</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> username:groupname file1.txt
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<p>把 <code>/var/run/httpd.pid</code> 的所有者设为 <code>root</code></p>
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<h4 id="仅更改所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅更改所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅更改所有者</h4>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> new_owner file.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为-username-群体的使用者设为-groupname"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为-username-群体的使用者设为-groupname"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为 username ，群体的使用者设为 groupname</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> username:groupname *
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="递归更改目录及其内容的所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改目录及其内容的所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改目录及其内容的所有者</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> new_owner:new_group directory/
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="不修改文件-file1txt-的拥有者将文件使用群体改为-groupname"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#不修改文件-file1txt-的拥有者将文件使用群体改为-groupname"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>不修改文件 file1.txt 的拥有者，将文件使用群体改为 groupname</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> :groupname file1.txt
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<p>将文件夹 <code>directory</code> 的拥有者设为 <code>new_owner</code> ，群体的使用者设为 <code>new_group</code></p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> username:groupname file1.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>将文件 file1.txt 的拥有者设为 <code>username</code> ，群体的使用者设为 <code>groupname</code></p>
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> username:groupname *
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>将当前目录以及子目录的所有文件的拥有者设为 <code>username</code> ，群体的使用者设为 <code>groupname</code></p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更改所有者为当前用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更改所有者为当前用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更改所有者为当前用户</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> file.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>递归更改目录及其内容的所有者为当前用户</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> directory/
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="递归并且不显示错误信息"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归并且不显示错误信息"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归并且不显示错误信息</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-f</span> new_owner:new_group directory/
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>更改目录及其内容的所有者和组为 <code>alice</code></p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> alice: directory/
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="仅更改组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#仅更改组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>仅更改组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> :groupname file1.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>不修改文件 <code>file1.txt</code> 的拥有者，将文件使用群体改为 <code>groupname</code></p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="变更符号链接的所有者"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#变更符号链接的所有者"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>变更符号链接的所有者</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> new_owner:new_group symlink
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>变更符号链接的所有者而不是链接指向的文件</p>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> manager symlink
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</span></code></pre>
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<p>更改符号链接的所有者为"manager"</p>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="更改所有者为根用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#更改所有者为根用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>更改所有者为根用户</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-2-->
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">chown</span> root:root file.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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<h4 id="递归更改所有者为当前用户"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改所有者为当前用户"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改所有者为当前用户</h4>
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> directory/
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 更改目录及其内容的所有者和组为"alice":</span>
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</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> alice: directory/
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="将文件所有者更改为其他用户但保留组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户但保留组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>将文件所有者更改为其他用户，但保留组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> new_owner file.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="将文件所有者更改为其他用户同时更改组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#将文件所有者更改为其他用户同时更改组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>将文件所有者更改为其他用户，同时更改组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">chown</span> new_owner:new_group file.txt
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</span></code></pre>
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