doc: update docs/fastapi.md (#637)

Co-authored-by: AAJZ <aajz@163.com> c71ea7d356

docs/fastapi.html

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 <p>一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框架，使用 Python 3.6+ 并基于标准的 Python 类型提示</p>
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+</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#安装-fastapi">安装 FastAPI</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#可以分开来安装">可以分开来安装</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#运行代码">运行代码</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#最小程序">最小程序</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#路径参数">路径参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#最基本的路径参数">最基本的路径参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#多个路径参数">多个路径参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#有类型的路径参数">有类型的路径参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#文件路径参数">文件路径参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查询参数">查询参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#带默认值的查询参数">带默认值的查询参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#可选查询参数">可选查询参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#多路径多查询参数">多路径多查询参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#必需查询参数">必需查询参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#请求体">请求体</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#调用">调用</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#查询参数和字符串校验">查询参数和字符串校验</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#参数列表">参数列表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#多个相同的查询参数">多个相同的查询参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#路径参数和数值校验">路径参数和数值校验</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#导入-path">导入 Path</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#声明元数据">声明元数据</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#参数列表-1">参数列表</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#其他参数">其他参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#cookie参数">Cookie参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#header-参数">Header 参数</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#表单数据">表单数据</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#安装">安装</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#html">HTML</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#fastapi">FastAPI</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#文件上传">文件上传</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#uploadfile-属性">UploadFile 属性</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#uploadfile-async-方法">UploadFile async 方法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#依赖项">依赖项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#依赖项使用场景">依赖项使用场景</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#创建依赖项">创建依赖项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#类作为依赖项">类作为依赖项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#还可以简写">还可以简写</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#子依赖项">子依赖项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#不使用缓存">不使用缓存</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#全局依赖项">全局依赖项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#安全性">安全性</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#基于token的认证">基于Token的认证</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#https-和证书">HTTPS 和证书</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#参考">参考</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
 <!--rehype:body-class=cols-2-->
 </div></div><div class="h2wrap-body cols-2"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="安装-fastapi"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装-fastapi"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安装 FastAPI</h3><div class="wrap-body">
 <pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ pip <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token string">"fastapi[all]"</span>
@@ -566,9 +566,93 @@
 </span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_users</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
 </span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Rick"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Morty"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
 </span></code></pre>
-</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="安全性"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安全性"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安全性</h2><div class="wrap-body">
+</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="安全性"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安全性"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>安全性</h2><div class="wrap-body">
+</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="基于token的认证"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#基于token的认证"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>基于Token的认证</h3><div class="wrap-body">
+<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> FastAPI<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Depends<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HTTPException
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> fastapi<span class="token punctuation">.</span>security <span class="token keyword">import</span> OAuth2PasswordBearer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> pydantic <span class="token keyword">import</span> BaseModel
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line">app <span class="token operator">=</span> FastAPI<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 使用 OAuth2PasswordBearer 创建一个 token 依赖</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">oauth2_scheme <span class="token operator">=</span> OAuth2PasswordBearer<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tokenUrl<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"token"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 假设这是你的用户数据库</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">fake_users_db <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token string">"johndoe"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"johndoe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"full_name"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"John Doe"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"email"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"johndoe@example.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"hashed_password"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"fakehashedsecret"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token string">"disabled"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">False</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建一个用户模型</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>BaseModel<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    username<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    email<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    full_name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    disabled<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建一个简单的认证函数</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">fake_hash_password</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"fakehashed"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> password
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_user</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>db<span class="token punctuation">,</span> username<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">if</span> username <span class="token keyword">in</span> db<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        user_dict <span class="token operator">=</span> db<span class="token punctuation">[</span>username<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token keyword">return</span> User<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">**</span>user_dict<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">fake_decode_token</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token comment"># 这个函数应该验证 token 并返回用户信息</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token comment"># 这里我们只是简单地返回了用户名</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> get_user<span class="token punctuation">(</span>fake_users_db<span class="token punctuation">,</span> token<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 创建一个依赖，用于从请求中获取 token 并验证用户</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">get_current_user</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Depends<span class="token punctuation">(</span>oauth2_scheme<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    user <span class="token operator">=</span> fake_decode_token<span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> user<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token keyword">raise</span> HTTPException<span class="token punctuation">(</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">            status_code<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">401</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">            detail<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Invalid authentication credentials"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">            headers<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"WWW-Authenticate"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Bearer"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> user
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/token"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">login</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>form_data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> OAuth2PasswordRequestForm <span class="token operator">=</span> Depends<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    user <span class="token operator">=</span> get_user<span class="token punctuation">(</span>fake_users_db<span class="token punctuation">,</span> form_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>username<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">not</span> user <span class="token keyword">or</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hashed_password <span class="token operator">!=</span> fake_hash_password<span class="token punctuation">(</span>form_data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>password<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">        <span class="token keyword">raise</span> HTTPException<span class="token punctuation">(</span>status_code<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">400</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> detail<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Incorrect username or password"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"access_token"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"token_type"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"bearer"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/users/me"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_users_me</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>current_user<span class="token punctuation">:</span> User <span class="token operator">=</span> Depends<span class="token punctuation">(</span>get_current_user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> current_user
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span></code></pre>
+<p>使用 OAuth2PasswordBearer 来创建一个简单的 token 认证流程。</p>
+</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="https-和证书"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#https-和证书"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>HTTPS 和证书</h3><div class="wrap-body">
+<pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">from</span> fastapi <span class="token keyword">import</span> FastAPI
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line">app <span class="token operator">=</span> FastAPI<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 在生产环境中，你应该使用一个真正的证书和私钥</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 你可以从像 Let's Encrypt 这样的证书颁发机构获得免费的证书</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># 或者使用 OpenSSL 生成自签名证书</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@app<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/https"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
+</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">read_https</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"Hello, HTTPS!"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span></code></pre>
+<p>启动服务器时，使用以下命令来指定证书和私钥：</p>
+<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line">uvicorn main:app <span class="token parameter variable">--host</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token parameter variable">--port</span> <span class="token number">443</span> --ssl-keyfile /path/to/your/key.pem --ssl-certfile /path/to/your/cert.pem
+</span><span class="code-line">
+</span></code></pre>
+<p>FastAPI 默认支持 HTTPS，你只需要提供证书和私钥即可。</p>
 <p>待更新</p>
-</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="参考"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参考"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参考</h2><div class="wrap-body">
+</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="参考"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参考"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>参考</h2><div class="wrap-body">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="./python.html">Python 备忘清单</a> <em>(jaywcjlove.github.io)</em></li>
 <li><a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/">FastAPI 官方文档</a> <em>(fastapi.tiangolo.com)</em></li>

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